地白草，中药名。为堇菜科植物蔓茎堇VioladiffusaGing.的全草。分布于安徽、福建、台湾、浙江、湖南、四川、云南、西藏等地。具有清热解毒，散瘀消肿，止咳之功效。常用于疮疡肿毒，眼结膜炎，肺热咳嗽，百日咳，黄疸型肝炎，带状疱疹，水火烫伤，跌打损伤，骨折，毒蛇咬伤。
Di-bai-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant of VioladiffusaGing., a plant of the Violaceae family, is distributed in Anhui, Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, and other places. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, reducing swelling, and relieving cough. It is often used for ulcer swelling and toxicity, conjunctivitis, lung heat cough, whooping cough, jaundice-type hepatitis, herpes zoster, scalds, bruises, fractures, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，散瘀消肿，止咳。
Clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation to remove stasis, reducing swelling, and stopping cough.

主治 Indications

用于疮疡肿毒，眼结膜炎，肺热咳嗽，百日咳，黄疸型肝炎，带状疱疹，水火烫伤，跌打损伤，骨折，毒蛇咬伤。
Used for treating ulcers, abscesses, conjunctivitis, lung heat cough, whooping cough, jaundice hepatitis, herpes zoster, burns, bruises, fractures, and snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g，鲜品30-60g；或捣汁。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g dried or 30-60g fresh; or pounded juice. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《植物名实图考》：“治红白痢。”

1. "Illustrated Handbook of Plant Names and Realities": "Used to treat dysentery with red and white stools."

2、《天宝本草》：“清寒化痰。（治）诸般咳嗽与风寒周身骨节疼痛症，虚火上炎亦当然。”
2. "Tianbao Materia Medica": "Clears cold and transforms phlegm. Used to treat various types of coughs, wind-cold body aches, and pains in the joints. Also effective for clearing deficient fire and reducing inflammation."

3、《四川中药志》1960年版：“除风清热。治小儿发热咳嗽，疯狗咬伤，刀伤及疮毒。”
3. "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1960 edition: "Dispels wind and clears heat. Used to treat fever and cough in children, rabies bites, knife wounds, and toxic sores."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治疮毒红肿：野白菜、芙蓉叶各15g。共捶细，敷于患处，每日换1次。（《贵州民间药物》）

1. Treatment for red and swollen sores: 15g of wild cabbage and 15g of hibiscus leaves. Grind them together and apply to the affected area, changing it once daily. (From "Guizhou Folk Medicine")

2、治急性结膜炎、睑缘炎：黄瓜香15g（鲜草30g），水煎服。并用鲜草适量，捣烂敷患侧太阳穴，每日换2次。（《陕甘宁青中草药选》）
2. Treatment for acute conjunctivitis and blepharitis: 15g of cucumber vine (or 30g of fresh grass), decocted in water and taken orally. Also, apply an appropriate amount of fresh grass, mashed, to the affected side of the temple, changing it twice daily. (From "Selection of Herbal Medicines in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai")

3、治肺脓疡：匍伏堇、筋骨草各30g。水煎服。
3. Treatment for pulmonary abscess: 30g each of creeping jenny and knotweed. Decoct in water and take orally.

4、治百日咳：匍伏堇40g，麻雀肉3只，冰糖少许。水炖，食肉喝汤。（3-4方出自《浙江药用植物志》）
4. Treatment for whooping cough: 40g of creeping jenny, 3 sparrows, a little rock candy. Stew in water, eat the meat and drink the soup. (The 3rd and 4th remedies are from "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants")

5、治小儿久咳音嘶：匍伏堇15g，加冰糖炖服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
5. Treatment for chronic cough and hoarseness in children: 15g of creeping jenny, stewed with rock candy. (From "Common Herbal Medicines Used by Zhejiang Folk")

6、治急性黄疸型肝炎：匍伏堇、茵陈、岩柏、大青叶各30g，鸭跖草、海金沙各15g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》）
6. Treatment for acute jaundice-type hepatitis: 30g each of creeping jenny, barbed skullcap, Chinese juniper, and largeleaf gentian, and 15g each of duckweed and beach vitex. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Fujian Pharmacopoeia")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季挖取全草，洗净，除去杂质，晒干或鲜用。
Harvest and process: In summer and autumn, the whole plant is harvested, washed, cleaned of impurities, and then dried in the sun or used fresh.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：多皱缩成团，并有数条短的葡萄茎。根圆锥形。湿润展开后，叶基生，卵形，叶端稍尖，边缘有细锯齿，基部下延于叶柄，表面有毛茸。花茎较叶柄长，具毛茸，花淡棕紫或黄白色。气微，味微苦。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The leaves are wrinkled and clustered, with several short creeping stems. The roots are conical. When moistened and unfolded, the basal leaves are ovate, slightly pointed at the tip, with fine serrations on the edges, and the base extends down into the petiole, with a hairy surface. The flower stems are longer than the petioles, hairy, and the flowers are pale brown-purple or yellow-white. The herb has a mild aroma and a slightly bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：堇菜科植物蔓茎堇。
Botanical species: The plant belongs to the Violaceae family and is known as Viola diffusa.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

蔓茎堇又名蔓茎堇菜。一年生草本。全株被糙毛或白色柔毛，或近无毛，花期生出地上匍匐枝。匍匐先端具莲座状叶丛，通常生不定根。根茎短，具多条白色细根及纤维状根。基生叶多数，丛生呈莲座状，或于匍匐枝上互生；叶柄长2-4.5cm，具明显的翅；托叶线状披针形，2/3离生，边缘具长齿；叶片卵形或卵状长椭圆形，长1.5-3.5cm，宽1-2cm，先端钝或稍尖，基部楔形或截形，两面散生白色柔毛，边缘具钝齿及缘毛。花较小，淡紫色或浅黄色，具长梗，生于基生叶或匍匐枝叶丛的叶腋间；花梗纤细，中部有1对线形小苞片；萼片5，披针形，边缘具白色，基部附属物短；花瓣5，长椭圆状倒卵形；矩极短，长1.5mm。蒴果长圆形，直径3mm，长约1cm，无毛。花期3-5月，果期5-8月。
Viola diffusa, also known as creeping violet, is an annual herb. The entire plant is covered with rough hairs or white soft hairs, or nearly glabrous. During flowering, above-ground creeping branches emerge. The tips of the creeping stems bear rosettes of leaves and usually develop adventitious roots. The rhizome is short, bearing numerous white fine roots and fibrous roots. Basal leaves are numerous, forming rosettes, or alternate on creeping branches; petioles are 2–4.5 cm long with distinct wings; stipules are linear-lanceolate, two-thirds free, with long teeth on the margins; leaf blades are ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.5–3.5 cm long, 1–2 cm wide, obtuse or slightly acute at the apex, cuneate or truncate at the base, sparsely covered with white soft hairs on both surfaces, with blunt teeth and ciliate margins. Flowers are small, pale purple or light yellow, borne on long pedicels in the axils of basal or creeping branch rosette leaves; pedicels are slender, with a pair of linear bracteoles at the middle; sepals are lanceolate, marginally ciliate, with short appendages at the base; petals are five, oblanceolate-obovate; spur very short, about 1.5 mm long. Capsule oblong, ca. 3 mm in diameter, up to 1 cm long, glabrous. Flowering from March to May, fruiting from May to August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于安徽、福建、台湾、浙江、湖南、四川、云南、西藏等地。
Distributed in Anhui, Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山地林下、林缘、草坡、溪谷旁、岩石缝隙中。
Found in mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, beside streams and valleys, and in rock crevices.