痰火草，中药名。为鸭跖草科植物大苞水竹叶Murdanniabracteata(C.B.Clarke)J.K.MortonexHong的全草。分布于广东、海南、广西、云南等地。具有化痰散结，清热通淋之功效。用于瘰疬痰核，热淋。
Tan-huo-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole plant of Murdannia bracteata (C.B.Clarke) J.K.Morton ex Hong, a plant of the family Commelinaceae. It is distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other places. It has the functions of resolving phlegm, dispersing nodules, clearing heat, and promoting urination. It is used for scrofula, phlegm nodules, and hot strangury.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

化痰散结，清热通淋。
Resolve phlegm and dissipate masses, clear heat and promote urination.

主治 Indications

用于瘰疬痰核，热淋。
For treating scrofula with phlegm nodules and hot lin syndrome.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，30-60g。
Internal use: Decoction, 30-60g.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《全国中草药汇编》：“化痰散结。主治淋巴结结核。”
"Encyclopedia of Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Transforms phlegm and disperses nodules. Used to treat lymph node tuberculosis."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治痔疮肿痛：鲜痰火草60g，炖豆腐服。

1. Treatment for painful hemorrhoids: Fresh Tuanhuacao (Trogopterus xanthipes) 60g, stewed with tofu for consumption.

2、风湿性关节炎、骨质增生症：鲜痰火草50g，炖蛏干服，连服10天为1疗程。
2. For rheumatoid arthritis and osteophytes: Fresh Tuanhuacao (Trogopterus xanthipes) 50g, stewed with razor clams for consumption, taken continuously for 10 days as one course of treatment.

3、治淋巴结结核：鲜痰火草40g，鸭皂树30g，山芝麻10g，梅叶冬青20g，水煎服。
3. Treatment for lymph node tuberculosis: Fresh Tuanhuacao (Trogopterus xanthipes) 40g, Duck Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) 30g, Mountain Sesame (Sesamum indicum) 10g, Holly Leaf Osmanthus (Osmanthus heterophyllus) 20g, decocted and consumed.

4、治前列腺炎：痰火草20g，一枝黄花、金丝草、车前草各15g，水煎服。
4. Treatment for prostatitis: Tuanhuacao (Trogopterus xanthipes) 20g, One Yellow Flower (Chrysanthemum indicum), Goldthread (Coptis chinensis), Plantain (Plantago asiatica) each 15g, decocted and consumed.

5、治咽喉炎：痰火草、山芝麻各15g，圆羊齿50g，水煎服。（1-5方出自《常用草药图集》）
5. Treatment for pharyngitis: Tuanhuacao (Trogopterus xanthipes), Mountain Sesame (Sesamum indicum) each 15g, Roundleaf Toothcup (Platycodon grandiflorus) 50g, decocted and consumed. (Prescriptions 1–5 are from "Illustrated Handbook of Common Chinese Medicinal Herbs")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Collect in summer or autumn, wash thoroughly, and use fresh or sun-dry.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：根须状，黄白色，茎鲜时圆柱形，干后收缩，表面有皱缩条纹，有毛，下部节下生须根。叶互生，无明显叶柄，基部鞘状抱茎，叶片皱卷，展平呈宽披针形，直出平行脉。花蓝白色，数朵密集成顶生长圆形或近圆球形的头状花序，小苞片大，膜质，近球形，覆瓦状排列，花萼3，花瓣3，有短爪。味甘、淡。
Macroscopic characteristics: The roots are fibrous and yellow-white. Fresh stems are cylindrical, becoming wrinkled and contracted when dried, with hairy surfaces and adventitious roots at lower nodes. Leaves are alternate, without distinct petioles, sheathing the stem at base; leaf blades are crinkled and rolled, broadly lanceolate when flattened, with parallel veins. Flowers are blue-white, several densely clustered into terminal elongated oval or nearly spherical head-like inflorescences. Bracts are large, membranous, nearly spherical, imbricately arranged. There are 3 sepals and 3 petals, each with a short claw. Taste is sweet and bland.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：鸭跖草科植物大苞水竹叶。
Species: Murdannia bracteata (C.B. Clarke) J.K. Morton, belonging to the Commelinaceae (Dayflower) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本（有的可见到横走根状茎）。根须状而极多，直径0.5-1毫米，相当密地被长绒毛。主茎不育，极短，可育茎通常2支，由主茎下部叶丛中发出，长而匍匐，顶端上升，节上生根，长20-60厘米，全面被细柔毛或仅一侧被毛，节间长达10厘米。叶在主茎上的密集成莲座状，剑形，长20-30厘米，宽1.2-1.8厘米，下部边缘有细长睫毛，上面无毛，下面有短毛或无毛；可育茎上的叶卵状披针形至披针形，长3-12厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，两面无毛或背面有糙毛，叶鞘全面被细长柔毛或仅沿口部一侧有刚毛。蝎尾状聚伞花序通常2-3个，少单个；总苞片叶状，但较小；聚伞花序因花极为密集而呈头状，具2-3厘米长的总梗；苞片圆形，长5-7毫米，早落；花梗极短，果期伸长，长2-3毫米，强烈弯曲；萼片草质，卵状椭圆形，浅舟状，长约4毫米；花瓣蓝色。蒴果宽椭圆状三棱形，长4毫米。种子黄棕色，具由胚盖发出的辐射条纹，并有白色细网纹，无孔。花果期5-11月。
Perennial herb (sometimes with creeping rhizomes). Roots are fibrous, numerous, 0.5–1 mm in diameter, densely covered with long villous hairs. Sterile main stem is very short; fertile stems usually two, arising from lower leaf rosettes, long, creeping with ascending tips, rooting at nodes, 20–60 cm long, sparsely pubescent all over or only on one side, internodes up to 10 cm. Leaves on main stem form a dense rosette, sword-shaped, 20–30 cm × 1.2–1.8 cm, ciliate along lower margins, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent or glabrous beneath. Leaves on fertile stems are ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3–12 cm × 1–1.5 cm, glabrous on both sides or scabridulous beneath; leaf sheaths densely villose or with stiff hairs only on one margin. Scorpion-tail cymes usually 2–3, rarely solitary; bracts foliaceous but smaller. Cymes are head-like due to dense flowers, with peduncles 2–3 cm long. Bracts are circular, 5–7 mm long, caducous. Flower pedicels very short, elongating to 2–3 mm and strongly curved in fruit. Sepals herbaceous, ovate-elliptic, shallowly boat-shaped, ~4 mm long. Petals blue. Capsule broadly ellipsoid-trigonous, ~4 mm long. Seeds yellowish-brown, radially striate from micropyle, with fine reticulate surface, no pores. Flowering and fruiting from May to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于广东、海南、广西、云南等地。
Distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔500-850m的水沟边及密林下。
Grows along ditches and under dense forests at altitudes of 500–850 meters.