地瓜果，中药名。为桑科植物地瓜榕FicustikouaBur.的隐花果（榕果）。分布于西南及陕西、湖北、湖南、广西、西藏等地。具有清热解毒，涩精止遗之功效。常用于咽喉肿痛，遗精滑精。
Di-gua-guo, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the hidden fruit of Ficus tikoua Bur., a plant of the Moraceae family. It is distributed in the southwest, as well as in Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, and Tibet. It is known for its effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, and preserving essence. It is commonly used for sore throat and seminal emission.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，涩精止遗。
Clearing heat and detoxifying, astringing essence and stopping emissions.

主治 Indications

咽喉肿痛，遗精滑精。
Sore throat, seminal emission.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-30g；或用开水泡饮。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-30g; or infusion with boiling water.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《贵州民间药物》：“清热散毒，祛风除湿。治咽喉疼痛。”
"Guizhou Folk Medicine": "Clears heat, dispels toxins, expels wind, and eliminates dampness. Used to treat sore throat."

《云南中草药》：“治遗精，滑精。”
"Yunnan Herbal Medicine": "Used to treat spermatorrhea and premature ejaculation."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治咽喉疼痛：嫩地枇杷果，晒干。每次9g，泡开水，随时服用。(《贵州民间药物》)
Treatment for sore throat: Take fresh loquat fruits, sun-dry them, and use 9g each time by soaking in hot water for oral administration as needed. (From "Guizhou Folk Medicine")

治遗精，滑精：（地石榴）花9-15g。水煎服。(《云南中草药》)
Treatment for spermatorrhea and premature ejaculation: Take 9-15g of pomegranate flowers, decoct in water, and take orally. (From "Yunnan Herbal Medicine")

治梅毒：地瓜30g，野枇杷30g，大麦冬15g，小麦冬21g。水煎服。(《湖南药物志》)
Treatment for syphilis: Take 30g of Chinese yam, 30g of wild loquat, 15g of Ophiopogon japonicus, and 21g of dwarf lilyturf tuber. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Hunan Materia Medica")

附注 Additional Notes

果味甜可食，也熬糖、取淀粉、酿酒。
The fruit is sweet and edible, and can also be used to make sugar, extract starch, and brew alcohol.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏季采收尚未成熟的隐花果（榕果），晒干。
Harvest immature Ficus carica (figs) in summer, and sun-dry them.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：隐花果呈球形或卵圆形，直径0.4-1.2cm。表面黄绿或淡红色，皱缩，基部有短柄。剖开后可见肉质花托内壁着生许多小瘦果。气微，味微甘、微涩。
The hidden flower fruit is spherical or ovoid, with a diameter of 0.4-1.2cm. The surface is yellow-green or light red, wrinkled, and has a short stalk at the base. When cut open, many small slender fruits can be seen growing on the inner wall of the fleshy receptacle. It has a slight aroma, with a slightly sweet and slightly astringent taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：桑科植物地瓜榕。
Moraceae plant - Ficus pumila.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生落叶匍匐灌木。全株有乳汁。茎圆柱形或略扁，棕褐色，分枝多，节略膨大，触地生细长不定根。单叶互生；叶柄长1-2cm；叶片坚纸质，卵形或倒卵状椭圆形，长1.6-8cm，宽1-4cm，先端钝尖，基部近圆形或浅心形，边缘有疏浅波状锯齿，上面绿色，被短刺毛，粗糙，下面浅绿色，沿脉被短毛；具三出脉，侧脉3-4对。隐头花序，成对或簇生于无叶的短枝上，常埋于土内，球形或卵圆形，直径1-2cm，成熟时淡红色；基生苞片3；雄花及瘿花生于同一花序托内，花被片2-6，雄蕊1-3（-6）；雌花生于另一花序托内。果为瘦果。花期4-6月，果期6-9月。
Perennial deciduous prostrate shrub. The whole plant contains latex. The stem is cylindrical or slightly flattened, brown, with many branches, slightly swollen nodes, and slender and indefinite roots growing on the ground. Leaves are alternate; petioles are 1-2cm long; leaf blades are tough and papery, ovate or inverted ovate elliptic, 1.6-8cm long, 1-4cm wide, blunt or pointed at the tip, nearly round or shallowly cordate at the base, with sparse shallow wavy serrations on the edges, green on the upper surface, covered with short prickly hairs, rough, light green on the lower surface, and short hairs along the veins; with three primary veins, 3-4 pairs of lateral veins. Flowers are inconspicuous, paired or clustered on leafless short branches, often buried in the soil, spherical or oval, 1-2cm in diameter, pale red when mature; basal bracts are 3; male and gall flowers are borne within the same flower cluster, with 2-6 tepals, 1-3 (-6) stamens in male flowers; female flowers are borne in another flower cluster. The fruit is an achene. Flowering period is from April to June, and fruiting period is from June to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于西南及陕西、湖北、湖南、广西、西藏等地。
Distributed in Southwest China, as well as Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Tibet, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于低山区的疏林、山坡、沟边或旷野草丛中。
Found in sparse forests, mountain slopes, ravines, or wild grasslands in low mountain areas.