巴旦杏仁，中药名。为蔷薇科植物扁桃AmygdaluscommunisL.的种子。分布于新疆、陕西、甘肃等地。具有润肺化痰，下气止咳之功效。常用于虚劳咳嗽，心腹满闷。
Ba-dan-xing-ren, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the seed of the Rosaceae plant Amygdalus communis L., is distributed in Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, and other places. It has the functions of moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm, and relieving cough, and is often used for chronic cough due to deficiency, as well as fullness and stuffiness in the chest and abdomen.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

润肺化痰，下气止咳。苦巴旦杏仁偏于化痰下气；甜巴旦杏仁偏于润肺化痰。
Moistening the lungs and resolving phlegm, descending qi and stopping cough. Bitter apricot kernels are more effective in resolving phlegm and descending qi; sweet apricot kernels are more effective in moistening the lungs and resolving phlegm.

主治 Indications

虚劳咳嗽，心腹满闷。
Fatigue-induced coughing, accompanied by a feeling of fullness and stuffiness in the chest and abdomen.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，4-10g。
Internal use: Decoction, 4-10g.

禁忌 Contraindications

寒湿痰饮咳嗽，脾虚泄泻者禁服。
Contraindicated for cough due to cold-damp phlegm and in individuals with spleen deficiency and diarrhea.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：7-8月果实成熟后采收，除去果肉及核壳，取种仁，晒干。
Harvest the fruits when they ripen in July and August, remove the flesh and husk, take out the seeds, and dry them in the sun.

炮制方法：拣净硬壳杂质，置沸水中微煮，捞出，浸入凉水中，除去种皮，晒干。
Processing method: Clean the hard shell impurities, blanch briefly in boiling water, remove and soak in cold water, peel off the seed coat, then dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：
Characteristics of medicinal material:

1. 苦巴旦杏仁：呈扁长卵形，长1.5-2.8cm，宽约1.3cm，厚7-8mm。种皮薄，棕色，种子顶端稍尖，底端较圆，侧面则一边较薄，而另一边厚圆，在圆边处的顶端处有线形种脐，合点及脊均明显，以水浸之去皮后可见白色子叶2枚。味苦。
   Bitter apricot kernel: It is oblong-ovate, 1.5-2.8cm long, about 1.3cm wide, and 7-8mm thick. The seed coat is thin and brown, with the apex slightly pointed and the base rounded. One side is thinner while the other is thick and rounded. There is a linear hilum at the top of the rounded edge, and both the chalaza and raphe are clearly visible. After soaking in water and removing the skin, two white cotyledons can be seen. It tastes bitter.

2. 甜巴旦杏仁：种仁较苦巴旦杏仁稍大，长2.2-3.5cm，宽约1.5cm，厚约8mm，种皮红棕色，顶端有线形脐点，底部有合点，由合点分出多数维管束，向尖端分布，形成暗色纹理；气微，味微甘。
   Sweet apricot kernel: The kernel is slightly larger than the bitter one, measuring 2.2-3.5cm long, about 1.5cm wide, and about 8mm thick. The seed coat is reddish-brown, with a linear hilum at the apex and a chalaza at the base. Numerous vascular bundles extend from the chalaza toward the tip, forming dark-colored textures. It has a mild aroma and a slightly sweet taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：蔷薇科植物扁桃。
Plant species: Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, family Rosaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

中型乔木或灌木，高(2)3-6(8)米；枝直立或平展，无刺，具多数短枝，幼时无毛，一年生枝浅褐色，多年生枝灰褐色至灰黑色；冬芽卵形，棕褐色。一年生枝上的叶互生，短枝上的叶常靠近而簇生；叶片披针形或椭圆状披针形，长3-6(9)厘米，宽1-2.5厘米，先端急尖至短渐尖，基部宽楔形至圆形，幼嫩时微被疏柔毛，老时无毛，叶边具浅钝锯齿；叶柄长1-2(3)厘米，无毛，在叶片基部及叶柄上常具2-4腺体。花单生，先于叶开放，着生在短枝或一年生枝上；花梗长3-4毫米；萼筒圆筒形，长5-6毫米，宽3-4毫米，外面无毛；萼片宽长圆形至宽披针形，长约5毫米，先端圆钝，边缘具柔毛；花瓣长圆形，长1.5-2厘米，先端圆钝或微凹，基部渐狭成爪，白色至粉红色。雄蕊长短不齐；花柱长于雄蕊，子房密被绒毛状毛。果实斜卵形或长圆卵形，扁平，长3-4.3厘米，直径2-3厘米，顶端尖或稍钝，基部多数近截形，外面密被短柔毛；果梗长4-10毫米；果肉薄，成熟时开裂；核卵形、宽椭圆形或短长圆形，核壳硬，黄白色至褐色，长2.5-3(4)厘米，顶端尖，基部斜截形或圆截形，两侧不对称，背缝较直，具浅沟或无，腹缝较弯，具多少尖锐的龙骨状突起，沿腹缝线具不明显的浅沟或无沟，表面多少光滑，具蜂窝状孔穴；种仁味甜或苦。花期3-4月，果期7-8月。
Medium-sized deciduous tree or shrub, 3-6(8) meters tall; branches erect or spreading, without thorns, with numerous short branches, initially hairless, with light brown color on one-year-old branches, and gray-brown to gray-black color on older branches; winter buds ovate, brownish. Leaves on one-year-old branches are alternate, while those on short branches are often clustered together; leaf blades are lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-6(9) cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, acute to shortly acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, sparsely pubescent when young, becoming glabrous when mature, with shallow obtuse serrations on the margins; petioles 1-2(3) cm long, glabrous, often with 2-4 glands at the base of the leaf blade and petiole. Flowers solitary, blooming before the leaves, borne on short branches or one-year-old branches; pedicels 3-4 mm long; calyx tubular, 5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, glabrous on the outside; sepals broadly elliptic to broadly lanceolate, about 5 mm long, rounded at the apex, with pubescence on the margins; petals oblong, 1.5-2 cm long, rounded or slightly notched at the apex, gradually narrowing into a claw at the base, white to pink. Stamens of unequal length; pistil longer than stamens, ovary densely covered with villous hairs. Fruits obliquely ovoid or oblong-ovoid, flattened, 3-4.3 cm long, 2-3 cm in diameter, apex acute or slightly obtuse, mostly truncate at the base, densely covered with short pubescence on the outside; pedicels 4-10 mm long; flesh thin, splitting when ripe; seeds ovoid, broadly ellipsoid, or short-oblong, with a hard shell, yellowish-white to brown, 2.5-3(4) cm long, apex pointed, base obliquely truncate or rounded, asymmetric on both sides, dorsal suture relatively straight, with shallow grooves or none, ventral suture more curved, with more or less sharp keel-like protrusions, faint grooves or none along the ventral suture, somewhat smooth surface, with honeycomb-like pores; kernels taste sweet or bitter. Flowering period is March-April, fruiting period is July-August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

我国新疆、陕西、甘肃等地区有少量栽培，在新疆主要产于北纬36°-40°之间，尤以西南部分布较广。原产于亚洲西部。
Cultivated in small amounts in Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu and other regions of China. In Xinjiang, it is mainly produced between latitudes 36°-40°N, especially widespread in the southwest. Native to western Asia.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于低至中海拔的山区，常见于多石砾的干旱坡地。
Found in mountainous areas from low to mid-altitude, commonly growing on dry slopes with rocky gravel.