待宵草，中药名。为柳叶菜科植物待宵草OenotherastrictaLedeb.exLink的根。具有疏风清热，平肝明目，祛风舒筋的功效。主治风热感冒，咽喉肿痛，目赤，雀目，风湿痹痛。
Dai-xiao-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The root of Oenothera stricta Ledeb.ex Link, a plant in the family Onagraceae. It has the functions of dispersing wind and clearing heat, soothing the liver and improving eyesight, and relieving wind and relaxing tendons. It is mainly used for wind-heat colds, sore throat, red eyes, blepharitis, and rheumatic pain.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

疏风清热，平肝明目，祛风舒筋。
Dispersing wind and clearing heat, soothing the liver and brightening the eyes, expelling wind and relaxing tendons.

主治 Indications

风热感冒，咽喉肿痛，目赤，雀目，风湿痹痛。
Wind-heat common cold, sore throat, red eyes, photophobia, and rheumatic pain.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 6-15g.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《四川中药志》1982年版：“清热解毒，祛风除湿。用于感冒风热，咽喉肿痛，风湿疼痛。”
"Compendium of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine" 1982 edition: "Clears heat, detoxifies, dispels wind, and eliminates dampness. Used for common cold with wind-heat, sore throat, and wind-damp pain."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治风热感冒：待宵草15g，桑叶12g，菊花12g。水煎服。（《四川中药志》1982年）

1. Treatment of wind-heat common cold: 15g of Daixiaocao (Herba cum Radice Elsholtziae), 12g of Sangye (Morus alba leaves), and 12g of Juhua (Chrysanthemum flowers). Decoction for oral administration. (From "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1982)

2、治急性化脓性扁桃体炎：鲜（待宵草）根、鲜玄参、土牛膝各30g。水煎，分多次咽服。（《湖南药物志》）
2. Treatment of acute suppurative tonsillitis: 30g each of fresh Daixiaocao (Herba cum Radice Elsholtziae) root, fresh Xuanshen (Scrophularia ningpoensis), and Tu Niuxi (Achyranthes bidentata). Decoction, divided for multiple oral administrations. (From "Hunan Materia Medica Records")

3、治风湿筋骨疼痛：待宵草15g，筋骨草15g，水蜈蚣15g，野地瓜根15g，箭杆风15g。水煎服。（《四川中药志》1982年）
3. Treatment of rheumatic joint and bone pain: 15g of Daixiaocao (Herba cum Radice Elsholtziae), 15g of Jingguo Cao (Lycopodium clavatum), 15g of Shuiwugong (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans), 15g of wild yam root, and 15g of Jianganfeng (Aristolochia debilis). Decoction for oral administration. (From "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1982)

附注 Note

同属植物槌果月见草Oenothera tetraptera Cav.根入药，与本品功效相似。
The roots of the plant Oenothera tetraptera Cav., which belongs to the same genus, are used medicinally and have similar effects.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季挖取根部，去净泥土，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: In autumn, dig out the roots, remove the soil, and dry them in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：柳叶菜科月见草属待宵草。
Daixiaocao is a plant of the genus Oenothera, family Onagraceae (willowherb family).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本，高70-100cm。主根发达，近木质。茎直立粗壮，被毛。叶丛生或互生，基生叶丛生，具枘，茎生叶互生，具短柄或无柄；叶片下部叶为线状倒披针形，上部叶为披针形或卵状披针形，长10cm左右，宽1-1.5cm，两面被白色短柔毛，边缘具不规则疏锯齿。花两性，单生于叶腋或枝顶，鲜黄色，无柄，夜间开放、有香气；萼筒延伸于子房之上，裂片4，披针形，长约2cm，开花时常两片相连，反卷；花瓣4，近倒心形，长约3cm，先端微凹缺；雄蕊8，等长；子房下位，柱头4裂。蒴果圆柱形，略有2钝棱，被毛，长2-3cm，直径约5mm。花期4-6月。
Perennial herb, 70-100cm tall. It has a well-developed main root, which is woody near the base. The stem is erect, stout, and hairy. The leaves are clustered or alternate; basal leaves are clustered with petioles, while stem leaves are alternate, with short or no petioles. Lower leaves are linear-obovate, upper leaves are lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, about 10cm long and 1-1.5cm wide, with white soft hairs on both sides and irregular sparse serrations on the edges. Flowers are bisexual, solitary in leaf axils or at branch tips, bright yellow, sessile, opening at night and fragrant; the calyx tube extends above the ovary, with 4 lanceolate lobes, about 2cm long, often fused in pairs and reflexed during flowering; petals 4, nearly inversely heart-shaped, about 3cm long, apex slightly notched; 8 stamens of equal length; inferior ovary, stigma 4-lobed. Capsule cylindrical, slightly 2-angled, hairy, 2-3cm long, about 5mm in diameter. Flowering period from April to June.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于全国各地，自东北至西南、华东、华南等地区庭院均栽种。
Distributed throughout the country; cultivated in courtyards from northeast to southwest, including East China and South China regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于庭院或田野，多栽培，并有逸为野生。
Found in courtyards or fields, mostly cultivated, but sometimes escaped into the wild.

生长习性 Growth Habits

喜阳光及温暖气候。宜在肥沃而排水良好的砂质壤土栽种。
Prefers sunlight and warm climate. Suitable for planting in fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil.

繁殖方式 Reproduction Method

用种子繁殖。
Propagation by seeds.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

种子繁殖：春、秋均可播种，而以秋播为宜。小苗需防寒越冬，翌春再移植。
Seed propagation: Can be sown in both spring and autumn, but autumn sowing is preferred. Seedlings need protection from cold in winter and should be transplanted the following spring.