水竹叶，中药名。为鸭跖草科植物水竹叶Murdanniatriquetra(Wall.)Bruckn.的全草。分布于华东、中南、西南等地。具有清热解毒，利尿之功效。用于发热，咽喉肿痛，肺热咳喘，咳血，热淋，热痢，痈疖疔肿，蛇虫咬伤。
Shui-zhu-ye, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Water Bamboo Leaf) refers to the whole plant of Murdannia triquetra (Wall.) Bruckn., a plant in the duckweed family. It is distributed in East China, Central South China, and Southwest China. It is known for its effects of clearing heat, detoxification, and diuresis. It is used for conditions such as fever, sore throat, lung heat cough, hemoptysis, hot urinary dysfunction, dysentery, abscesses, and snake or insect bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，利尿。
Clearing heat, detoxifying, and promoting diuresis.

主治 Indications

用于发热，咽喉肿痛，肺热咳喘，咳血，热淋，热痢，痈疖疔肿，蛇虫咬伤。
Indications: fever, sore throat, lung heat with cough and wheezing, hemoptysis, hot dysuria, dysentery with fever, carbuncles and furuncles, snake and insect bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g，鲜品30-60g。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g dried or 30-60g fresh. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《浙江药用植物志》：“清热凉血，利尿，解毒。主治肺炎，咳血，热淋，无名肿毒。”
"Compendium of Medicinal Plants in Zhejiang Province": "Clears heat, cools blood, promotes diuresis, and detoxifies. Used for treating pneumonia, hemoptysis, hot dysuria, and various unidentified swellings and toxins."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治肺炎高热咳喘：鲜水竹叶15-24g。酌加水煎，蜜调服，每日2次。（《泉州本草》）

1. Treatment for high fever and cough with wheezing due to pneumonia: Fresh water bamboo leaves 15-24g. Decoct in water, mix with honey, and take twice daily. (From "Quanzhou Materia Medica")

2、治咳血：鲜（水竹叶）全草45g。同豆腐炖服。（《浙江药用植物志》）
2. Treatment for coughing up blood: Fresh whole plant of water bamboo leaf 45g. Stew together with tofu and take. (From "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants")

3、治小便不利：鲜水竹叶30-60g。酌加水煎，调冰糖内服，每日2次。
3. Treatment for difficult urination: Fresh water bamboo leaves 30-60g. Decoct in water, mix with rock sugar, and take internally twice daily.

4、治肠热下痢赤白：鲜水竹叶30g。洗净，煎汤，调乌糖少许内服。（3-4方出自《泉州本草》）
4. Treatment for hot intestines leading to bloody or white diarrhea: Fresh water bamboo leaves 30g. Wash, decoct in water, and mix with a small amount of brown sugar for internal consumption. (Prescriptions 3 and 4 are from "Quanzhou Materia Medica")

5、治白带：鲜（水竹叶）全草60-125g，淡菜30g。水煎服。（《浙江药用植物志》）
5. Treatment for abnormal vaginal discharge: Fresh whole plant of water bamboo leaf 60-125g, and dried shellfish (Mytilus) 30g. Decoct in water and take. (From "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in summer or autumn, wash and clean, use fresh or sun-dry.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：干燥全草呈团块状，灰绿色。茎圆柱形，多分枝，下部节上生褐色须根。叶褶皱，平展者呈线状披针形，长1.5-3.5cm，宽4-6mm，先端渐尖，基部鞘状抱茎，全缘，绿色带紫色条纹。枝上部叶腋内有簇生花1-5朵，花萼绿色，3枚；花瓣蓝紫色；能育雄蕊3，不育雄蕊3枚；子房长圆形无柄。蒴果两端钝，长5-7mm。气微，味甘。以干燥，枝、叶多，色绿者为佳。
The medicinal material characteristics: The dried whole herb is in clumps, grayish-green in color. The stem is cylindrical, branching, with brownish root hairs growing on the nodes of the lower part. The leaves are wrinkled, flat and linear-lanceolate when spread out, 1.5-3.5cm long, 4-6mm wide, gradually pointed at the tip, sheathing the stem at the base, with entire margins, green with purple stripes. In the axils of the upper branches, there are clusters of 1-5 flowers, with green sepals, 3 petals in blue-purple color; 3 fertile stamens, 3 infertile stamens; ovary oblong without a stalk. The capsule is blunt at both ends, 5-7mm long. It has a slight aroma and a sweet taste. It is best when dried, with many branches and leaves, and green in color.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：鸭跖草科植物水竹叶。
Plant species: Murdannia japonica (Thunb.) Faden, a plant of the Commelinaceae (spiderwort) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

水竹叶又名：竹叶党。多年生草本，具长而横走根状茎。根状茎具叶鞘，节间长约6厘米，节上具细长须状根。茎肉质，下部匍匐，节上生根，上部上升，通常多分枝，长达40厘米，节间长8厘米，密生一列白色硬毛，这一列毛与下一个叶鞘的一列毛相连续。叶无柄，仅叶片下部有睫毛和叶鞘合缝处有一列毛，这一列毛与上一个节上的衔接而成一个系列，叶的他处无毛；叶片竹叶形，平展或稍折叠，长2-6厘米，宽5-8毫米，顶端渐尖而头钝。花序通常仅有单朵花，顶生并兼腋生，花序梗长1-4厘米，顶生者梗长，腋生者短，花序梗中部有一个条状的苞片，有时苞片腋中生一朵花；萼片绿色，狭长圆形，浅舟状，长4-6毫米，无毛，果期宿存；花瓣粉红色，紫红色或蓝紫色，倒卵圆形，稍长于萼片；花丝密生长须毛。蒴果卵圆状三棱形，长5-7毫米，直径3-4毫米，两端钝或短急尖，每室有种子3颗，有时仅1-2颗。种子短柱状，不扁，红灰色。花期9-10月（但在云南也有5月开花的），果期10-11月。
Water bamboo leaf, also known as "bamboo leaf party." It is a perennial herb with long and creeping rhizomes. The rhizomes have leaf sheaths, with internodes about 6 centimeters long, and fine elongated root-like structures on the nodes. The stem is fleshy, creeping at the base, rooting at the nodes, ascending at the upper part, usually branching out, reaching up to 40 centimeters long, with internodes about 8 centimeters long, densely covered with a row of white stiff hairs, which are continuous with the row of hairs on the next leaf sheath. The leaves are sessile, with cilia only on the lower part of the blade and a row of hairs at the junction of the leaf sheath, forming a continuous series with the previous node, while the rest of the leaf is hairless; the blade is bamboo-shaped, flat or slightly folded, 2-6 cm long, 5-8 mm wide, gradually tapering to a blunt tip. The inflorescence usually consists of a single flower, terminal and axillary, with a peduncle 1-4 cm long (longer in terminal position, shorter when axillary), with a linear bract in the middle of the peduncle, sometimes with an additional flower in the bract's axil; sepals are green, narrowly elliptic, shallowly boat-shaped, 4-6 mm long, glabrous, persistent in fruit; petals pink, purple-red, or blue-purple, obovate, slightly longer than the sepals; filaments densely covered with long hairs. The capsule is ovate-trigonous, 5-7 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, blunt or shortly acute at both ends, with 3 seeds per locule, sometimes only 1-2. Seeds are short cylindrical, not flattened, reddish-gray. Flowering occurs from September to October (but flowering in May has been observed in Yunnan), and fruiting from October to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华东、中南、西南等地。
Distributed in East China, Central South China, Southwest China, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于阴湿地区或水边、稻田中。
Born in damp and humid areas, near water or in rice fields.