铁灯兔耳风，中药名。为菊科植物铁灯兔耳风AinsliaeamacroclinidioidesHayata的全草。植物铁灯兔耳风，分布于我国安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东等地。具有清热解毒之功效。主治鹅口疮。
Tie-deng-tu-er-feng, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. s the whole plant of Ainsliaea macroclinidioides Hayata, a member of the Asteraceae family. The plant is distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and other regions of China. It is known for its efficacy in clearing heat and detoxification, and is commonly used to treat canker sores in geese.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒。
Clearing heat and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

鹅口疮。
Goose mouth sores.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15～30g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 15–30g.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治鹅口疮，（铁灯兔耳风）全草4株。水煎服。（《全国中草药汇编》）
To treat goose mouth sores, use 4 whole plants of Tiedeng Tuerfeng. Decoct in water and take orally. (From Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines Nationwide)

相关配伍 Relevant Compatibility

（铁灯兔耳风）全草4株。
4 whole plants of Tiedeng Tuerfeng.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、夏季采收，切段晒干。
Harvest in spring or summer, cut into sections, and sun-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科植物铁灯兔耳风。
The plant belongs to the Asteraceae family and is known as Ainsliaea aptera (commonly called Tiedeng Tuerfeng).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

铁灯兔耳风，别名灯台兔儿风，为多年生草本。根状茎短，直或曲膝状，直径4～6毫米，根颈密被深褐色绒毛；根细弱，簇生，长者可逾20厘米。茎直立或有时下部平卧，单一，不分枝，高25～65厘米，下部无叶，密被长柔毛或有时脱毛。叶聚生于茎的上部呈莲座状，或在叶丛下面有数片散生，叶片纸质，阔卵形至卵状披针形，稀近椭圆形，长4～10厘米，宽2.5～6.5厘米，顶端短尖，但中脉延伸具一芒状凸尖头，基部通常浅心形而凹缺中央略下延，稀有钝圆者，边缘具芒状疏齿，上面无毛或幼时被疏毛，下面被疏长毛，脉上尤著；基出脉3条，侧生的1对其外侧常有细的分枝，弧形上升，于中部离缘弯拱连接，中脉中部1对明显的侧脉，弯拱向上几达叶片顶部，网状脉明显；叶柄长3～8厘米，被长柔毛。头状花序具花3朵，无梗或有短梗，单生或2～5聚生，于茎的上部作总状花序式排列；花序长15～40厘米，无毛，有1～2片三角形、长约2毫米的苞叶；总苞圆筒形，直径3～4毫米；总苞片约6层，背部有纵纹，无毛或内层顶端被毛，除最内层外顶端均钝，且呈紫红色，外层的卵形，长2.5～3毫米，宽近2毫米，中层的卵状披针形至近长圆形，长5～6毫米，宽2～2.2毫米，最内层的狭长圆形，基部稍狭，顶端略尖，长约10毫米，宽约1.4毫米；花托平，无毛，直径近1毫米。花全部两性；花冠管状，长约13毫米，檐部稍扩大，5深裂，裂片偏于一侧，线形，约与花冠管近等长；花药伸出于冠管之外，长约6毫米，顶端截平，基部毗连的尾向下渐狭，长为花药的1/3；花柱枝甚扁，开展，长约1毫米，顶端钝。瘦果近圆柱形，基部稍狭，有纵棱，略被短柔毛，长约4毫米。冠毛1层，污白色，羽毛状，基部联合，长约9毫米。花期8～11月。
Ainsliaea aptera, also known as Dengtai Tuerfeng, is a perennial herb. It has a short rhizome that is straight or flexuous, 4–6 mm in diameter, with the root neck densely covered in dark brown villous hairs. The roots are slender, clustered, and can exceed 20 cm in length. The stem is erect or sometimes decumbent at the base, unbranched, 25–65 cm tall, leafless in the lower part, and densely covered with long soft hairs, though sometimes glabrescent. Leaves are clustered near the top of the stem in a rosette-like arrangement, or several scattered below the cluster. The blade is papery, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rarely nearly elliptic, 4–10 cm long, 2.5–6.5 cm wide, with a short acute apex and a midvein extending into an awn-like tip. The base is usually shallowly cordate with a central notch slightly descending, rarely rounded. The margin bears sparse awl-shaped teeth. The upper surface is glabrous or sparsely hairy when young; the lower surface is sparsely long-hairy, especially along the veins. Three basal veins arise from the base; the pair of lateral veins often have fine branches on their outer side, arching upward and connecting near the middle of the margin. The midvein has one prominent pair of lateral veins in the middle, curving up toward the top of the leaf. Reticulate venation is evident. The petiole is 3–8 cm long and covered with long soft hairs. The capitulum contains 3 florets, sessile or shortly peduncled, solitary or 2–5 clustered, arranged in a raceme-like fashion at the upper part of the stem. The inflorescence axis is 15–40 cm long, glabrous, bearing 1–2 triangular bracts about 2 mm long. The involucre is cylindrical, 3–4 mm in diameter. There are about 6 layers of phyllaries, longitudinally veined on the back, glabrous or with hairs at the apex of the innermost layer. Except for the innermost layer, the apices are obtuse and purplish-red. The outer ones are ovate, 2.5–3 mm long and nearly 2 mm wide; the middle ones are ovate-lanceolate to nearly oblong, 5–6 mm long and 2.2 mm wide; the innermost are narrowly oblong, slightly narrowed at the base, apex acute, about 10 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The receptacle is flat, glabrous, nearly 1 mm in diameter. All flowers are bisexual. The corolla is tubular, about 13 mm long, slightly expanded at the limb, deeply 5-lobed, with lobes linear and nearly equal in length to the tube, arranged asymmetrically. Anthers protrude beyond the corolla tube, about 6 mm long, with truncate apex and tails at the base gradually narrowing downward, about one-third the length of the anther. Style branches are strongly flattened, spreading, about 1 mm long, blunt at the tip. Achenes are nearly cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the base, ribbed, sparsely short-hairy, about 4 mm long. Pappus is single-layered, dirty white, plumose, united at the base, about 9 mm long. Flowering occurs from August to November.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔500～1010米，山坡、山谷及林下湿处。
Grows at altitudes of 500–1010 meters, on mountain slopes, in valleys, and in damp areas under forests.