楸子，中药名。为蔷薇科植物揪子Malusprunifolia(Willd.)Borkh.[PyrusprunifoliaWilld.]的果实。分布于华北及辽宁、陕西、甘肃、山东、河南等地。具有生津，消食之功效。常用于口渴，食积。
Qiu-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Chinese Quince). It is the fruit of the Rosaceae plant Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. [Pyrus prunifolia Willd.]. It is distributed in North China, as well as in Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Henan, and other places. It has the functions of generating fluids and aiding digestion. It is often used for thirst and food stagnation.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

生津，消食。
Generate body fluids, aid digestion.

主治 Indications

用于口渴，食积。
Used for thirst and food stagnation.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 15-30g.

注意事项 Precautions

不宜多食，服时去子。
Not suitable for overconsumption, remove seeds before consumption.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《食物考》：“多食涩气，令人好睡。子宜去尽，食之烦心。”
"Eating foods with astringent properties can help improve sleep. However, excessive consumption may lead to restlessness."

《食物考》：“作脯点茶，怡神口可。”
"Making preserved fruits and brewing tea can uplift the spirit and please the palate."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：8-9月果熟时采摘，鲜用。
Harvest the fruits when they ripen in August and September, and use them fresh.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：果实卵形，直径2-2.5cm，果皮红色，无灰白斑点，果肉黄白色，成熟后有2-5室，每室含种子1-2颗，种子扁卵圆形，浅紫红色至红紫色。有宿存花萼，略突出，萼片两面被毛，萼筒外边被毛。气微香，味甘、微酸。
The fruit is oval-shaped, with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm. The fruit skin is red, without gray or white spots. The flesh is yellowish-white, and when ripe, it has 2-5 chambers, each containing 1-2 seeds. The seeds are flat-oval in shape, ranging from light purplish-red to reddish-purple. There are persistent sepals that are slightly protruding, with hairs on both sides, and the outside of the calyx tube is also hairy. It has a slightly fragrant smell, with a sweet and slightly sour taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：蔷薇科植物楸子（海棠果）。
Rosa multiflora, a plant in the Rosaceae family, also known as Chinese flowering crabapple (Malus spectabilis).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

小乔木，高3-8m。小枝粗壮，嫩时密被短柔毛，老枝灰紫色或灰褐色，无毛。叶互生；叶柄长1-5cm，嫩时密被柔毛；叶片卵形或椭圆形，长5-9cm，宽4-5cm，先端渐尖或急尖，基部宽楔形，边缘有细锐锯齿。花两性；伞形或近伞形花序，具花4-10朵；花梗长2-3.5cm，被短柔毛；萼筒外面有长柔毛；萼裂片5，披针形，两面均被柔毛；花白色或带粉红色，花瓣5，倒卵状椭圆形，长约2.5-3cm，宽约1.5cm，基部有短爪；雄蕊20，花丝长短不齐，约等于花瓣三分之一；花柱4（5），基部有长绒毛，较雄蕊长。梨果卵形，直径2-2.5cm，红色，萼裂片宿存，肥厚，果梗细长。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。
It is a small deciduous tree, 3-8 meters tall. The young branches are stout and densely covered with short soft hairs, turning gray-purple or gray-brown and hairless when mature. Leaves are alternate; petioles are 1-5 cm long, densely hairy when young; leaf blades are ovate or elliptic, 5-9 cm long and 4-5 cm wide, with an acuminate or acute apex, broadly cuneate base, and finely serrated margins. Flowers are bisexual, arranged in umbel or nearly umbel inflorescences of 4-10 flowers; pedicels are 2-3.5 cm long, covered with short soft hairs; the calyx tube has long soft hairs on the outside; there are 5 lanceolate calyx lobes, both sides hairy; flowers are white or pinkish, with 5 obovate-elliptic petals, about 2.5-3 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, with short claws at the base; 20 stamens with unequal filaments, approximately one-third the length of the petals; pistils 4 (or 5), with long villous hairs at the base, longer than the stamens. The pome is oval, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, red, with thick persistent calyx lobes and a slender fruit stalk. Flowering occurs from April to May, fruiting from August to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华北及辽宁、陕西、甘肃、山东、河南等地。野生或栽培。
Distributed in North China, as well as Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Henan, and other regions. Found in the wild or cultivated.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔50-1300m的山坡、平地或山谷梯田边。
Born on slopes, flatlands, or terraced fields in mountainous areas at altitudes of 50-1300 meters.