土一枝蒿，中药名。为菊科蓍属植物云南蓍AchilleawilsonianaHeimerlexHand.-Mazz.的全草。植物云南蓍，分布于云南、四川、贵州、湖南西北部、湖北西部、河南西北部、山西南部、陕西中南部、甘肃东部。具有祛风除湿，散瘀止痛，解毒消肿之功效。主治风湿疼痛，胃痛，牙痛，跌打瘀肿，经闭腹痛，痈肿疮毒，蛇虫咬伤。
Tu-yi-zhi-hao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. s the whole herb of Achillea wilsoniana Heimerlex Hand.-Mazz., a plant of the Asteraceae family. The plant is distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, northwestern Hunan, western Hubei, northwestern Henan, southern Shanxi, central and southern Shaanxi, and eastern Gansu. It has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, detoxification, and reducing swelling. It is mainly used for rheumatic pain, stomach pain, toothache, bruises and swelling from falls, dysmenorrhea, carbuncles and sores, and snake and insect bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，散瘀止痛，解毒消肿。
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, detoxifying and reducing swelling.

主治 Indications

风湿疼痛，胃痛，牙痛，跌打瘀肿，经闭腹痛，痈肿疮毒，蛇虫咬伤。
Rheumatic pain, stomach ache, toothache, bruises from falls, abdominal pain due to menstrual cramps, carbuncles, and snake or insect bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，1.5～3g；或研末；或浸酒。外用：适量，捣敷；或研末撒。
Internal use: decoction, 1.5–3g; or powdered; or soaked in alcohol. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application; or sprinkled in powdered form.

注意事项 Precautions

孕妇禁服；不可过量服用。
Pregnant women are prohibited from taking this medication; do not exceed the recommended dosage.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《云南思茅中草药选》：“清热解毒，散瘀镇痛。治跌打损伤，骨折，风湿痹痛，肺痨咳血，支气管炎，扁桃腺炎，吐血，闭经，痛经，腹中痞块，外伤出血，蛇咬伤。”

1. "Selected Yunnan Simao Herbal Medicine": "Clears heat, detoxifies, dispels stasis, and relieves pain. Used for treating bruises, fractures, rheumatic pain, pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, hematemesis, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal masses, external bleeding, and snake bites."

2、《云南中草药》：“通经活血，消肿止痛，消炎止血。”
2. "Yunnan Herbal Medicine": "Promotes blood circulation, reduces swelling, relieves pain, reduces inflammation, and stops bleeding."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治风湿、劳损疼痛，西南蓍草3g，茜草、黑骨藤、小血藤、红泽兰各10g，泡酒服。（《四川中药志》）

1. To treat rheumatism and pain from strain, take 3g of Southwest Chinese Dodder, and 10g each of Chinese Madder, Black Tinospora, Small-leaf Climber, and Red Zelan. Soak in liquor and consume. (From "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records")

2、治胃寒腹痛，飞天蜈蚣1.5g。嚼服。（《万县中草药》）
2. To treat stomach cold and abdominal pain, chew and consume 1.5g of Flying Centipede. (From "Wanxian Herbal Medicine")

3、治牙痛，飞天蜈蚣根米粒大，放痛处。（《云南中草药》）
3. To alleviate toothache, place a rice grain-sized piece of Flying Centipede root at the painful area. (From "Yunnan Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，鲜用或切段晒干。
Harvest in summer or autumn, use fresh or cut into sections and sun-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科蓍属植物云南蓍。
Yunnan Chrysanthemum, a plant belonging to the Artemisia genus in the Asteraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本，有短的根状茎。茎直立，高35～100厘米，下部变无毛，中部以上被较密的长柔毛，不分枝或有时上部分枝，叶腋常有不育枝。叶无柄，下部叶在花期凋落，中部叶矩圆形，长4～6.5厘米，宽1～2厘米，二回羽状全裂，一回裂片多数，几接近，椭圆状披针形，长5～10毫米，宽2～4毫米，二回裂片少数，下面的较大，披针形，有少数齿，上面的较短小，近无齿或有单齿，齿端具白色软骨质小尖头，叶上面绿色，疏生柔毛和凹入的腺点，下面被较密的柔毛；叶轴宽约1.5毫米，全缘或上部裂片间有单齿。
Perennial herb with short rhizomes. Stem erect, 35–100 cm tall, lower part glabrous, upper part densely covered with long soft hairs, unbranched or sometimes with few branches in the upper part, often with sterile branches in leaf axils. Leaves sessile, lower leaves falling off during flowering period, middle leaves rectangular, 4–6.5 cm long, 1–2 cm wide, bipinnately lobed, with numerous primary lobes, elliptic-lanceolate, 5–10 mm long, 2–4 mm wide, few secondary lobes, larger on the lower side, lanceolate with few teeth, smaller on the upper side, nearly toothless or with a single tooth, tooth tip with a white cartilaginous small point, upper side green, sparsely hairy with sunken glandular dots, densely hairy on the lower side; leaf axis about 1.5 mm wide, entire or with a single tooth between upper lobes.

头状花序多数，集成复伞房花序；总苞宽钟形或半球形，直径4～6毫米；总苞片3层，覆瓦状排列，外层短，卵状披针形，长2.3毫米，宽约1.2毫米，顶端稍尖，中层卵状椭圆形，长2.5毫米，宽约1.8毫米，内层长椭圆形，长4毫米，宽约1.8毫米，顶端钝或圆形，有褐色膜质边缘，中间绿色，有凸起的中肋，被长柔毛；托片披针形，舟状，长4.5毫米，具稍带褐色的膜质透明边缘，背部稍带绿色，被少数腺点，上部疏生长柔毛。
Capitula numerous, arranged in compound umbels; involucre broadly campanulate or hemispherical, 4–6 mm in diameter; involucral bracts in 3 layers, imbricate, outer bracts short, ovate-lanceolate, 2.3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, slightly pointed at the tip, middle bracts ovate-elliptic, 2.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, inner bracts elongate-elliptic, 4 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, blunt or rounded at the tip, with brown membranous margins, green in the middle, with prominent midribs, covered with long soft hairs; receptacle bracts lanceolate, boat-shaped, 4.5 mm long, with slightly brown membranous transparent margins, slightly green on the back, with few glandular dots, sparsely hairy on the upper part.

边花6～8（16）朵；舌片白色，偶有淡粉红色边缘，长宽各约2.2毫米，顶端具深或浅的3齿，管部与舌片近等长，翅状压扁，具少数腺点；管状花淡黄色或白色，长约3毫米，管部压扁具腺点。
Ray florets 6–8 (16); ligules white, occasionally with pale pink edges, about 2.2 mm long and wide, with deep or shallow 3 teeth at the tip, tube portion nearly as long as the ligule, compressed and winged, with few glandular dots; disc florets pale yellow or white, about 3 mm long, compressed tube with glandular dots.

瘦果矩圆状楔形，长2.5毫米，宽约1.1毫米，具翅。花果期7～9月。
Achenes rectangular-wedge-shaped, 2.5 mm long, about 1.1 mm wide, winged. Flowering and fruiting period from July to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于云南、四川、贵州、湖南西北部、湖北西部、河南西北部、山西南部、陕西中南部、甘肃东部。
Distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, northwestern Hunan, western Hubei, northwestern Henan, southern Shanxi, central-southern Shaanxi, and eastern Gansu.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡草地或灌丛中。
Born on mountain slopes, grasslands, or thickets.