土细辛，中药名。为马兜铃科细辛属植物双叶细辛AsarumcaulescensMaxim.、单叶细辛AsarumhimalaicumHook.f.etThomsonexKlotzsch.、川北细辛AsarumchinenseFranch.、福建细辛AsarumfukienenseC.Y.ChengetC.S.Yang及川滇细辛AsarumdelavayiFranch.等的全草。植物双叶细辛，分布于我国陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川、贵州，日本也有；植物单叶细辛，分布于我国湖北西部、陕西、甘肃、四川、贵州、云南、西藏，印度、锡金也有；植物川北细辛，分布于我国湖北西部和四川东北部；植物福建细辛，分布于我国安徽、浙江、江西、福建；植物川滇细辛，分布于我国四川和云南东北部。具有祛风散寒，止痛，温肺化饮之功效。主治风寒感冒，头痛，牙痛，风湿痹痛，痰饮喘咳。
Tu-xi-xin, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole plant of several species in the Asarum genus of the Aristolochiaceae family, including Asarum caulescens Maxim., Asarum himalaicum Hook.f. et Thomson ex Klotzsch, Asarum chinense Franch., Asarum fukienense C.Y. Chen & C.S. Yang, and Asarum delavayi Franch. Asarum caulescens is distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces of China, as well as in Japan. Asarum himalaicum is found in western Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet in China, as well as in India and Sikkim. Asarum chinense is distributed in western Hubei and northeastern Sichuan in China. Asarum fukienense is found in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces of China. Asarum delavayi is distributed in northeastern Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China. It is known for its functions of dispelling wind and cold, relieving pain, and warming the lungs to resolve retained fluids. It is used to treat wind-cold type of common cold, headache, toothache, rheumatic pain, and phlegm retention with cough and asthma.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

祛风散寒，止痛，温肺化饮。主治
Dispel wind, scatter cold, relieve pain, warm the lungs, and transform phlegm. This formula is mainly used to treat...

风寒感冒，头痛，牙痛，风湿痹痛，痰饮喘咳。用法用量
Wind-cold type of common cold, headache, toothache, rheumatic pain, phlegm retention causing wheezing and coughing. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，1～3g。外用：适量，研末或煎汤漱口。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 1-3g. External use: appropriate amount, powdered or decocted for mouthwash. Precautions.

阴虚阳亢者及气虚有汗者禁服。反藜芦。药理作用
Those with Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity, as well as those with Qi deficiency and sweating, should avoid taking it. It has the pharmacological effects of counteracting Li Lu.

1、减轻肾小球的高灌注和高过滤作用。2、免疫调节作用。相关论述

1. Reduce the high perfusion and high filtration of the renal glomerulus.2. Immunomodulatory effects. Relevant discussions.

1、《四川中药志》1960年版:“(单叶细辛)发表散寒，镇咳止痛，祛痰。治风寒湿外感头痛，齿痛目痛，痰饮咳逆上气，风湿痹痛及肢节拘挛身痛。”2、《湖北中草药志》:“(双叶细辛)行气止痛，健胃消食。用于中暑头晕，胃腹痛，急性胃肠炎，风湿疼痛，跌打损伤，劳伤疼痛，睾丸肿痛。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Sichuan Materia Medica" 1960 edition: "(Single-leaf Asarum) disperses cold, calms cough, relieves pain, and eliminates phlegm. It is used to treat headache, toothache, eye pain caused by wind-cold-dampness external invasion, phlegm retention with cough and rebellious qi, wind-cold arthralgia, limb spasm, and body pain."2. "Hubei Materia Medica": "(Double-leaf Asarum) promotes Qi circulation, relieves pain, invigorates the stomach, and aids digestion. It is used for heatstroke dizziness, abdominal pain, acute gastroenteritis, rheumatic pain, bruises, strains, testicular swelling, and pain." Clinical applications and relevant compatibility.

1、治中暑头晕，乌金草（双叶细辛）1～3g，水煎服。（《湖北中草药志》）2、治胃腹痛，乌金草（双叶细辛）研细末，早晚各1次，每次服1g，酒或开水吞服。（《湖北中草药志》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. To treat dizziness caused by heatstroke, take 1-3g of Houttuynia cordata (also known as Double-leaf Houttuynia) and decoct in water for consumption. (From "Hubei Herbal Medicine Records")2. To treat stomach pain, grind Houttuynia cordata (Double-leaf Houttuynia) into a fine powder. Take 1g in the morning and evening, swallowing each dose with alcohol or warm water. (From "Hubei Herbal Medicine Records") Processing and preparation: Harvesting and processing.

7～8月挖取带根全草，摊放在通风处，阴干。药材鉴别 药材性状
In July and August, the whole grass with roots is dug out, spread out in a ventilated place, and dried in the shade. Identification of medicinal materials and their properties.

1、双叶细辛，根茎细长圆柱形，有分枝；表面灰棕褐色，节明显，节上有茎痕及多数细长弯曲的须根；质较脆，易折断，断面平坦，淡黄棕色。叶常2片，皱缩卷曲，易破碎，黄绿色，展平后呈心形，先端长渐尖或渐尖，两面散生柔毛；叶柄细长，扭曲，有细纵纹。有时可见腋生紫棕色的花或果实。气微辛香，味微辛辣而麻舌。2、单叶细辛，根茎黄棕色，节上有多数细长根。叶片心形或圆形，两面散生柔毛；叶柄有毛。气芳香，味辛辣，略有麻舌感。3、川北细辛根茎细长，表面灰棕色。根细长，灰黄色。叶片椭圆形或卵形，上面常有白色网纹。有时有紫色花和果实。气芳香，味辛辣，略有麻舌感。4、福建细辛，常卷曲成团。根茎辣，表面灰棕色。根粗壮，表面灰黄色；质脆，易折断，断面黄白色。叶片近革质，三角状卵形、长卵形，上面偶有白色云斑，下面密生黄棕色柔毛。有的有绿紫色花或果实。气芳香，味辛辣，略有麻舌感。5、川滇细辛，根茎较短，表面灰棕色。根肉质。表面灰黄色，具细纵皱纹；质脆，易折断，断面黄白色。叶片长卵形、阔卵形，上面有白色云斑，稀有白色脉网，有时有紫绿色花或果实。气芳香，味辛辣，麻舌。植物学信息 植物种属

1. Asarum heterotropoides has elongated cylindrical rhizomes with branches; the surface is grayish-brown, with distinct nodes bearing stem scars and numerous slender, curved root hairs. The texture is relatively brittle, easily breaking with a flat, light yellow-brown cross-section. The leaves are usually in pairs, wrinkled and curled, fragile, yellow-green, heart-shaped when flattened, gradually tapering to a point at the tip, with soft hairs on both sides; the petioles are slender, twisted, and finely grooved. Sometimes, purple-brown flowers or fruits can be seen in the leaf axils. It has a slightly pungent aroma and a mildly pungent and numbing taste.2. Asarum sieboldii has yellow-brown rhizomes with numerous slender roots at the nodes. The heart-shaped or round leaves are covered with soft hairs on both sides, and the petioles are hairy. It has a fragrant aroma, a pungent taste, and a slight numbing sensation.3. Asarum forbesii from northern Sichuan has slender rhizomes with a gray-brown surface. The roots are long and grayish-yellow. The elliptical or ovate leaves often have white veins on the upper surface. Sometimes, there are purple flowers and fruits. It has a fragrant aroma, a pungent taste, and a slight numbing sensation.4. Asarum macranthum from Fujian is often curled into clusters. The spicy rhizomes have a gray-brown surface. The roots are thick, grayish-yellow on the surface, brittle, easily breaking with a yellow-white cross-section. The leaves are nearly leathery, triangular-ovate or lanceolate, occasionally with white cloud-like spots on the upper surface and densely covered with yellow-brown soft hairs on the underside. Some have green-purple flowers or fruits. It has a fragrant aroma, a pungent taste, and a slight numbing sensation.5. Asarum delavayi from Sichuan and Yunnan has shorter rhizomes with a gray-brown surface. The fleshy roots are grayish-yellow with fine longitudinal wrinkles on the surface, brittle, easily breaking with a yellow-white cross-section. The lanceolate or broadly ovate leaves have white cloud-like spots on the upper surface, occasionally with white vein networks, and sometimes purple-green flowers or fruits. It has a fragrant aroma, a pungent taste, and a numbing sensation.

马兜铃科细辛属植物双叶细辛、单叶细辛、川北细辛、福建细辛及川滇细辛等。形态特征
The Asarum genus in the Aristolochiaceae family includes plants such as Asarum heterotropoides, Asarum sieboldii, Asarum delavayi, Asarum forbesii, and Asarum tamaense. These plants have distinct morphological characteristics.

1、植物双叶细辛，又名乌金草。多年生草本；根状茎横走，节间长3～5厘米，有多条须根；地上茎匍匐，有1～2对叶。叶片近心形，长4～9厘米，宽5～10厘米，先端常具长1～2厘米的尖头，基部心形，两侧裂片长1.5～2.5厘米，宽2.5～4厘米，顶端圆形，常向内弯接近叶柄，两面散生柔毛，叶背毛较密；叶柄长6～12厘米，无毛；芽苞叶近圆形，长宽各约13毫米，边缘密生睫毛，花紫色，花梗长1～2厘米，被柔毛；花被裂片三角状卵形，长约10毫米，宽约8毫米，开花时上部向下反折；雄蕊和花柱上部常伸出花被之外，花丝比花药长约2倍，药隔锥尖；子房近下位，略成球状，有6纵棱，花柱合生，顶端6裂，裂片倒心形，柱头着生于裂缝外侧。果近球状，直径约1厘米。花期4～5月。2、植物单叶细辛，多年生草本；根状茎细长，直径1～2毫米，节间长2～3厘米，有多条纤维根。叶互生，疏离，叶片心形或圆心形，长4～8厘米，宽6.5～11厘米，先端渐尖或短渐尖，基部心形，两侧裂片长2～4厘米，宽2.5～5厘米，顶端圆形，两面散生柔毛，叶背和叶缘的毛较长；叶柄长10～25厘米，有毛；芽苞叶卵圆形，长5～10毫米，宽约5毫米。花深紫红色；花梗细长，长3～7厘米，有毛，毛渐脱落；花被在子房以上有短管，裂片长圆卵形，长和宽均约7毫米，上部外折，外折部分三角形，深紫色；雄蕊与花柱等长或稍长，花丝比花药长约2倍，药隔伸出，短锥形；子房半下位，具6棱，花柱合生，顶端辐射状6裂，柱头顶生。果近球状，直径约1.2厘米。花期4～6月。3、植物川北细辛，多年生草本；根状茎细长横走，直径约1毫米，节间长约2厘米，根通常细长。叶片椭圆形或卵形，稀心形，长3～7厘米，宽2.5～6厘米，先端渐尖，基部耳状心形，两侧裂片长1.5～2厘米，宽1.5～2.5厘米，叶面绿色，或叶脉周围白色，形成白色网纹，稀中脉两旁有白色云斑，疏被短毛，叶背浅绿色或紫红色；叶柄长5～15厘米；芽苞叶卵形，长10～15毫米，宽约8毫米，边缘有睫毛。花紫色或紫绿色；花梗长约1.5厘米；花被管球状或卵球状，长约8毫米，径约1厘米，喉部缢缩并逐渐扩展成一短颈，膜环宽约1毫米，内壁有格状网眼，有时横向皱褶不明显，花被裂片宽卵形，长和宽各约1厘米，基部有密生细乳突排列成半圆形；花丝极短，药隔不伸出或稍伸出；子房近上位或半下位，花柱离生，柱头着生花柱顶端，稀顶端浅内凹，柱头近侧生。花期4～5月。4、植物福建细辛，多年生草本；根状茎短，根肉质，直径1～2毫米。叶片近革质，三角状卵形或长卵形，长4.5～10厘米，宽4～7厘米，先端急尖或短尖，基部耳状心形，两侧裂片长2～3厘米，宽1.5～3.5厘米，叶面深绿色，偶有白色云斑，仅沿中脉散生短毛，叶背密生黄棕色柔毛；叶柄长7～17厘米，被黄色柔毛；芽苞叶卵形，长约10毫米，宽5毫米，背面和边缘密生柔毛。花绿紫色；花梗长1～2.5厘米，密生棕黄色柔毛，通常向下弯垂；花被管圆筒状，长约1.5厘米，直径1厘米，外面被黄色柔毛，喉部不缢缩或稍缢缩，无膜环，内壁有纵行脊状皱褶，花被裂片阔卵形，长约5毫米，宽约10毫米，开花时两侧反折，中部至基部有一半圆形淡黄色垫状斑块；药隔伸出，锥尖；子房下位，具6棱，花柱离生，顶端不裂，有时有一浅凹，柱头卵状，顶生或近顶生。果卵球状，直径7～17毫米，具宿存花被。花期4～11月。5、植物川滇细辛，多年生草本，植株粗壮；根状茎横走，直径2～3毫米，根稍肉质，直径达3毫米。叶片长卵形、阔卵形或近戟形，长7～12厘米，宽6～11厘米，先端通常长渐尖，基部耳形或耳状心形，两侧裂片长2～6厘米，宽1.5～5厘米，通常外展，有时互相接近或覆盖，叶面深绿色或具白色云斑，稀叶脉周围白色并成白色脉网，疏被短毛，或仅侧脉被毛，叶背浅绿色，偶为紫红色，有光泽；叶柄长可达21厘米，无毛或被疏毛；芽苞叶长卵形或卵形，长1～3厘米，宽8～10毫米，边缘有睫毛。花大，紫绿色，直径4～6厘米，花梗长1～3.5厘米，无毛；花被管圆筒状，长约2厘米，中部直径约1.5厘米，向上逐渐扩展，喉部缢缩，膜环宽约2毫米，内壁有格状网眼，花被裂片阔卵形，长2～3厘米，宽2.5～3.5厘米，基部有乳突状皱褶区；药隔伸出，宽卵形或锥尖；子房近上位或半下位，花柱6，离生，顶端2裂，柱头侧生。花期4～6月。分布区域

1. Plant with paired leaves, also known as Ujincao. It is a perennial herb with rhizomes that run horizontally, with segments measuring 3-5 centimeters long and multiple fibrous roots. The aboveground stems are creeping, with 1-2 pairs of leaves. The leaf blades are nearly heart-shaped, 4-9 centimeters long and 5-10 centimeters wide, with a pointed tip measuring 1-2 centimeters, heart-shaped base, and lobes on both sides measuring 1.5-2.5 centimeters long and 2.5-4 centimeters wide. The top is rounded, often bending inward towards the petiole, with soft hairs scattered on both sides and denser hairs on the back. The petiole is 6-12 centimeters long, hairless. The bracts are nearly circular, about 13 millimeters in length and width, with fringed edges. The flowers are purple, with hairy flower stalks measuring 1-2 centimeters long. The flower sepals are triangular-ovate, about 10 millimeters long and 8 millimeters wide, with the upper part folding downwards during flowering. The stamens and pistils often extend beyond the sepals, with filaments about twice as long as the anthers, and the connective forming a pointed cone. The ovary is nearly inferior, slightly spherical with 6 longitudinal ridges, and the pistil is fused, with 6 lobes at the top, each lobe inversely heart-shaped, and the stigma positioned on the outer side of the fissure. The fruit is nearly spherical, about 1 centimeter in diameter. It flowers from April to May.2. Plant with single leaves, a perennial herb with slender rhizomes measuring 1-2 millimeters in diameter and segments 2-3 centimeters long, with multiple fibrous roots. The leaves are alternate, sparse, heart-shaped or rounded-heart-shaped, 4-8 centimeters long and 6.5-11 centimeters wide, gradually tapering or shortly tapering at the tip, heart-shaped base, lobes on both sides measuring 2-4 centimeters long and 2.5-5 centimeters wide, with a rounded top, soft hairs scattered on both sides, and longer hairs on the back and leaf margins. The petiole is 10-25 centimeters long, hairy. The bracts are ovate, about 5-10 millimeters long and approximately 5 millimeters wide. The flowers are deep purple-red, with slender hairy flower stalks measuring 3-7 centimeters long. The flower sepals have a short tube above the ovary, with elongated oval-shaped lobes about 7 millimeters long and wide, folding outwards at the top, forming a triangular shape, deep purple in color. The stamens are equal to or slightly longer than the pistils, with filaments about twice as long as the anthers, and the connective extends outwards in a short cone shape. The ovary is semi-inferior, with 6 ridges, the pistil is fused, with a radiating 6-lobed stigma, and the stigma is apical. The fruit is nearly spherical, about 1.2 centimeters in diameter. It flowers from April to June.3. Plant from northern Sichuan, a perennial herb with slender rhizomes running horizontally, approximately 1 millimeter in diameter, segments about 2 centimeters long, and usually slender roots. The leaves are elliptic or ovate, rarely heart-shaped, 3-7 centimeters long and 2.5-6 centimeters wide, gradually tapering at the tip, ear-shaped heart-shaped base, lobes on both sides measuring 1.5-2 centimeters long and 1.5-2.5 centimeters wide. The leaf surface is green, with white veins around the leaf veins forming a white network, sometimes with white cloud-like spots on both sides of the midrib, sparsely covered with short hairs, light green or purple-red on the back. The petiole is 5-15 centimeters long. The bracts are ovate, 10-15 millimeters long and approximately 8 millimeters wide, with fringed edges. The flowers are purple or purple-green, with flower stalks about 1.5 centimeters long. The flower tube is spherical or ovoid, about 8 millimeters long and 1 centimeter in diameter, with a constricted throat gradually expanding into a short neck, a membrane ring about 1 millimeter wide, with a reticulated network on the inner wall, sometimes with inconspicuous transverse wrinkles, and the sepal lobes are broadly ovate, each about 1 centimeter long and wide, with densely arranged fine papillae forming a semi-circular shape at the base. The stamens are very short, the connective does not extend or slightly extends, and the ovary is nearly superior or semi-inferior, with the pistil free, the stigma positioned on the top of the pistil, rarely slightly concave at the top, and the stigma is positioned near the side of the pistil. It flowers from April to May.4. Plant from Fujian, a perennial herb with short rhizomes, fleshy roots measuring 1-2 millimeters in diameter. The leaves are nearly leathery, triangular-ovate or elongated-ovate, 4.5-10 centimeters long and 4-7 centimeters wide, with an acute or short-pointed tip, ear-shaped heart-shaped base, lobes on both sides measuring 2-3 centimeters long and 1.5-3.5 centimeters wide. The leaf surface is dark green, occasionally with white cloud-like spots, with short hairs scattered only along the midrib, and the back is densely covered with yellow-brown soft hairs. The petiole is 7-17 centimeters long, covered with yellow soft hairs. The bracts are ovate, about 10 millimeters long and 5 millimeters wide, with the back and edges densely covered with soft hairs. The flowers are green-purple, with flower stalks 1-2.5 centimeters long, densely covered with brown-yellow soft hairs, usually drooping downwards. The flower tube is cylindrical, about 1.5 centimeters long and 1 centimeter in diameter, covered with yellow soft hairs on the outside, the throat is not constricted or slightly constricted, without a membrane ring, with longitudinal ridges on the inner wall, the sepal lobes are broadly ovate, about 5 millimeters long and 10 millimeters wide, with both sides folding back during flowering, and a semi-circular pale yellow cushion-like patch from the middle to the base. The connective extends outwards, forming a conical tip, the ovary is inferior, with 6 ridges, the pistil is free, the stigma does not split at the top, sometimes with a shallow concavity, the stigma is ovate, apical or nearly apical. The fruit is ovoid, 7-17 millimeters in diameter, with persistent sepals. It flowers from April to November.5. Plant from Sichuan and Yunnan, a perennial herb with robust plants, rhizomes running horizontally, 2-3 millimeters in diameter, slightly fleshy roots up to 3 millimeters in diameter. The leaves are long-ovate, broadly ovate, or lanceolate, 7-12 centimeters long and 6-11 centimeters wide, usually gradually tapering at the tip, ear-shaped or ear-shaped heart-shaped base, lobes on both sides measuring 2-6 centimeters long and 1.5-5 centimeters wide, usually spreading outwards, sometimes close to each other or overlapping. The leaf surface is dark green or with white cloud-like spots, occasionally with white veins around the leaf veins forming a white vein network, sparsely covered with short hairs, or only the lateral veins are hairy. The back of the leaf is light green, occasionally purple-red, and glossy. The petiole can reach up to 21 centimeters long, hairless or sparsely hairy. The bracts are long-ovate or ovate, 1-3 centimeters long and 8-10 millimeters wide, with fringed edges. The flowers are large, purple-green, with a diameter of 4-6 centimeters, and the flower stalks are 1-3.5 centimeters long, hairless. The flower tube is cylindrical, about 2 centimeters long, with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters in the middle, gradually expanding upwards, constricted at the throat, a membrane ring about 2 millimeters wide, with a reticulated network on the inner wall. The sepal lobes are broadly ovate, 2-3 centimeters long and 2.5-3.5 centimeters wide, with a nipple-like wrinkled area at the base. The connective extends outwards, forming a broadly ovate or conical tip, the ovary is nearly superior or semi-inferior, with 6 pistils, free, with 2 lobes at the top of the stigma, and the stigma is laterally positioned. It flowers from April to June. Distribution area.

1、植物双叶细辛，分布于我国陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川、贵州，日本也有。2、植物单叶细辛，分布于我国湖北西部、陕西、甘肃、四川、贵州、云南、西藏，印度、锡金也有。3、植物川北细辛，分布于我国湖北西部和四川东北部。4、植物福建细辛，分布于我国安徽、浙江、江西、福建。5、植物川滇细辛，分布于我国四川和云南东北部。生长环境

1. Plant with paired leaves Xixin, distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou in China, and also found in Japan.2. Plant with single leaves Xixin, distributed in western Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet in China, and also found in India and Sikkim.3. Plant with northern Sichuan Xixin, distributed in western Hubei and northeastern Sichuan in China.4. Plant with Fujian Xixin, distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian in China.5. Plant with Sichuan-Yunnan Xixin, distributed in northeastern Sichuan and Yunnan in China. Growth environment.

1、植物双叶细辛，生于海拔1200～1700米林下腐植土中。2、植物单叶细辛，海拔1300～3100米溪边林下阴湿地。3、植物川北细辛，海拔1300～1500米林下或山谷阴湿地。4、植物福建细辛，海拔300～1000米山谷林下阴湿地。5、植物川滇细辛，海拔800～1600米林下阴湿岩坡上。

1. Plant with paired leaves Xixin, grows in the humus soil under the forest at an altitude of 1200 to 1700 meters.2. Plant with single leaves Xixin, found in the shady and moist areas near streams at an altitude of 1300 to 3100 meters.3. Plant from northern Sichuan Xixin, grows in the shady and moist areas under the forest or in valleys at an altitude of 1300 to 1500 meters.4. Plant from Fujian Xixin, thrives in the shady and moist areas under the forest in valleys at an altitude of 300 to 1000 meters.5. Plant from Sichuan and Yunnan Xixin, grows on shady and moist rocky slopes under the forest at an altitude of 800 to 1600 meters.