榕须，中药名。为桑科植物榕树FicusmicrocarpaL.的气生根。分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等地。具有散风热，祛风湿，活血止痛之功效。常用于流感，百日咳，麻疹不透，扁桃体炎，结膜炎，风湿骨痛，痧气腹痛，久痢，胃痛，白带，湿疹，阴痒，跌打损伤。
Rong-xu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the aerial roots of the Ficus microcarpa L., a plant of the Moraceae family. It is distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions. It is known for its effects of dispelling wind-heat, eliminating wind-dampness, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain. It is commonly used for influenza, whooping cough, measles with incomplete expression, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, rheumatic pain, colic abdominal pain, chronic dysentery, stomach pain, leukorrhea, eczema, pruritus, and traumatic injuries.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

散风热，祛风湿，活血止痛。
Dispersing wind-heat, eliminating wind-dampness, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

用于流感，百日咳，麻疹不透，扁桃体炎，结膜炎，风湿骨痛，痧气腹痛，久痢，胃痛，白带，湿疹，阴痒，跌打损伤。
Indications: influenza, pertussis, measles with no rash, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, rheumatic pain, colic, chronic diarrhea, stomachache, leukorrhea, eczema, vaginal itching, bruises and sprains.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；或浸酒。外用：适量，捣碎酒炒敷或煎水洗。
Internal use: decoction, 9-15g; or soak in alcohol. External use: appropriate amount, grind and apply with alcohol or decoct and wash with water.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌等有抑制作用。
Inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, and other bacteria have been reported.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《生草药性备要》：“浸酒饮，治伤散瘀；验真假麻风，作茶饮。”

1. "Soak in alcohol and drink to treat injuries and disperse stasis; distinguish between genuine and fake leprosy, and make it into a tea."

2、《药性考》：“固齿。”
2. "Strengthen teeth."

3、《岭南草药志》：“发汗散湿。”
3. "Induce sweating and dispel dampness."

4、《广西中药志》：“祛风湿，活血，止痛，清热，解毒，利尿。治风湿骨痛，夹色伤寒，小便淋沥。”
4. "Expel wind and dampness, activate blood circulation, alleviate pain, clear heat, detoxify, and promote diuresis. Used to treat rheumatic bone pain, mixed color typhoid fever, and dribbling urination."

5、广州部队《常用中草药手册》：“清热解表，发汗透疹。治流感，感冒，扁桃体炎，眼结膜炎，疟疾，百日咳，麻疹不透。”
5. "Clear heat, release the exterior, induce sweating, and promote rash eruption. Used to treat influenza, common cold, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, malaria, whooping cough, and measles that fail to erupt."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治关节风湿痛以及脚筋紧张，屈伸不利：榕树倒抛根合童便煎洗患处。(《泉州本草》)

1. Treat joint rheumatism pain and tight Achilles tendons, difficult to flex and extend: Boil the roots of a banyan tree that has fallen upside down with children's feces and wash the affected area. (From "Quanzhou Materia Medica")

2、治关节风湿痛：榕树气根60-120g。酒水煎服。或用气根煎汤洗患处。(《福建中草药》)
2. Treat joint rheumatism pain: 60-120g of banyan tree aerial roots. Decoct in alcohol and take orally. Alternatively, decoct the aerial roots in water and use the solution to wash the affected area. (From "Fujian Herbal Medicine")

3、治跌打损伤：榕树气根60g，或加樟树二重皮9-15g。水煎冲酒服。(《福建中草药》)
3. Treat bruises and injuries: 60g of banyan tree aerial roots, or add 9-15g of the double-layered bark of camphor tree. Decoct in water, add wine, and take orally. (From "Fujian Herbal Medicine")

4、治血淋：榕树倒抛根鲜者45g(干者24g)。合冰糖炖服，每日1次，续服四、五次。(《泉州本草》)
4. Treat hematuria: 45g of fresh banyan tree aerial roots (24g if dried). Stew with rock sugar and take orally once a day, continue for four to five doses. (From "Quanzhou Materia Medica")

5、治小便不通：榕树吊须一把，沙糖、米酒各适量。水煎服。(《岭南草药志》)
5. Treat urinary retention: A handful of banyan tree aerial roots, appropriate amounts of rock sugar and rice wine. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Lingnan Herbal Records")

6、治疝气，子宫脱垂：榕树干气根30g，瘦猪肉适量。水炖服。(福建晋江《中草药手册》)
6. Treat hernia, uterine prolapse: 30g of dried banyan tree aerial roots, appropriate amount of lean pork. Stew in water and take orally. (From "Fujian Jinjiang Herbal Manual")

7、止牙痛：榕根须，摘断，入竹管内，将盐塞满，以泥封固，火煅存性为末，擦牙，摇动者亦坚。竹管不用。(《纲目拾遗》固齿羲复方)
7. Relieve toothache: Banyan tree root tendrils, cut off, put into a bamboo tube, fill with salt, seal with mud, bake over fire until it turns into powder, rub on teeth, and it will harden when shaken. Do not use bamboo tube. (From "Gumuzhiyi's Compilation of Dental Formulas")

8、治牙痛，能消肿止痛杀虫：榕须，皂角。煎水含之，冷则吐，吐则再含。(《岭南采药录》)
8. Treat toothache, reduce swelling, relieve pain, and kill parasites: Banyan tree root tendrils, soapberry. Decoct in water, hold in the mouth, spit out when cold, repeat the process. (From "Lingnan Herbal Collection")

9、治喉蛾：榕树须180g。黑醋一汤碗，煎好，候温含漱。(《岭南草药志》)
9. Treat throat moths: 180g of banyan tree root tendrils. A bowl of black vinegar, decoct, wait for it to warm, and gargle. (From "Lingnan Herbal Records")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可采，割下气生根，扎成小把，鲜用或晒干。
It can be harvested all year round, cutting off the aerial roots, tying them into small bundles, and using them fresh or drying them in the sun.

炮制方法：酒寄生：把原药拣净切一寸节，放入锅内微炒，取出喷黄酒拌匀，晒干备用。
Processing method: Parasitic on Wine: Clean and cut the original herbs into one-inch sections, stir-fry them lightly in a pot, take them out and mix them evenly with yellow wine, then sun-dry them for later use.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：干燥气生根呈木质细条状，长1m左右，基部较粗，直径4-8mm，末端渐细，多分枝，有时簇生6-7条支根。表面红褐色，外皮多纵裂，有时剥落，皮孔灰白色，呈圆点状或椭圆状。质韧，皮部不易折断，断面木部棕色。气微，味苦、涩。以条细、红褐色者为佳。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The dried aerial roots are woody and slender, about 1 meter long, with a thicker base (4-8mm in diameter) tapering toward the ends. They are highly branched, sometimes clustering into 6-7 rootlets. The surface is reddish-brown, with longitudinal cracks on the outer skin that may peel off, revealing grayish-white, dot-like or oval lenticels. The texture is tough; the cortex is not easily broken, and the xylem is brown when fractured. It has a mild odor and tastes bitter and astringent. High-quality roots are thin and reddish-brown.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：桑科榕属植物榕树。
Species: Ficus microcarpa, a plant of the Moraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

榕树又名榕、小叶榕、倒生树、赤榕、倒生木、不死树、细叶榕、避暑树、正榕、绳树、龙树、万年青。常绿大乔木，高15-25m，胸径50-70cm。全株有乳汁。老枝上有气生根（榕须），下垂，深褐色。单叶互生；叶柄长7-12mm；托叶披针形，长约8mm；叶片革质而稍带肉质，椭圆形、卵状椭圆形或倒卵形，长3.5-8cm，宽3-4cm，先端钝尖，基部楔形，上面深绿色，光亮，下面浅绿色，全缘或浅波状；基出脉3条，侧脉纤细，3-10对。隐头花序（榕果）单生或成对腋生或着生于已落枝叶腋，扁球形，直径5-10mm，成熟时黄色或微红色，基部苞片阔卵形，宿存，无总花梗；雄花、瘿花和雌花生于同一花序托内，花间有少数刚毛，雄花散生内壁，花被片3，近匙形，雄蕊1，花药与花丝等长；瘿花无梗或具短梗，花被片3，广匙形，花柱侧生，短；雌花无梗或具短梗，花被片与瘿花相似，但较小，花柱侧生，短于子房，柱头棒形。瘦果小，卵形。花、果期4-11月。
The banyan tree, also known as Ficus, small-leaved banyan, inverted tree, red banyan, inverted wood, immortal tree, fine-leaved banyan, summer shade tree, upright banyan, rope tree, dragon tree, and evergreen. It is a large evergreen tree, 15-25m tall, with a trunk diameter of 50-70cm. The whole plant contains latex. There are aerial roots (banyan roots) on the old branches, hanging down and dark brown. The leaves are alternate; petioles are 7-12mm long; stipules are lanceolate, about 8mm long; leaf blades are leathery and somewhat fleshy, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or inverted ovate, 3.5-8cm long, 3-4cm wide, blunt to pointed at the apex, cuneate at the base, dark green and shiny on the upper surface, light green on the lower surface, entire or shallowly undulate; 3 primary veins, slender lateral veins, 3-10 pairs. The hidden inflorescence (fig) is solitary or paired in the axils or borne on fallen branch leaf axils, flattened spherical, 5-10mm in diameter, yellow or slightly red when ripe, bracts at the base broadly ovate, persistent, without a common flower stalk; male flowers, gall flowers, and female flowers are borne within the same inflorescence bract, with a few bristles between the flowers, male flowers scattered on the inner wall, 3 tepals, nearly spoon-shaped, 1 stamen, anther equal in length to filament; gall flowers sessile or shortly stalked, 3 tepals, broadly spoon-shaped, ovary with short style, stigma on the side, short; female flowers sessile or shortly stalked, tepals similar to gall flowers but smaller, stigma on the side, shorter than the ovary, style head club-shaped. The fruit is small and ovoid. Flowering and fruiting occur from April to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等地。
Distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔400-800m林缘或旷野，野生或植为行道树。
Born on the edge of forests or in open fields at an altitude of 400-800 meters, it grows wild or is planted as roadside trees.