血榧，中药名。为三尖杉科植物三尖杉CephalotaxusfortuneiHook.f.的种子。分布于中南及陕西、甘肃、安徽、浙江、四川、贵州、云南等地。具有驱虫消积，润肺止咳之功效。常用于食积腹胀，小儿疳积，虫积，肺燥咳嗽。
Xue-fei, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the seeds of the plant Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.f. of the family Taxaceae. It is distributed in central and southern China, as well as in Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan. It is known for its effects in expelling parasites, resolving accumulation, moistening the lungs, and stopping coughing. It is commonly used for abdominal distension due to food accumulation, pediatric malnutrition, intestinal parasites, and dry cough due to lung dryness.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

驱虫消积，润肺止咳。
Expelling parasites and resolving accumulation, moistening the lungs and stopping cough.

主治 Indications

食积腹胀，小儿疳积，虫积，肺燥咳嗽。
Food stagnation causing abdominal distension, pediatric malnutrition, intestinal parasites, and dry cough due to lung dryness.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g；或炒熟食。
Internal administration: Decoction, 6-15g; or stir-fry and consume.

注意事项 Precautions

便溏者慎服。
Those with loose stools should be cautious when taking it.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《四川中药志》1962年版：“杀虫，润肺，疗痔，消积。治诸虫积蛊毒、咳嗽、痔漏及小儿疳积黄瘦等症。”

1. "Sichuan Materia Medica" 1962 edition: "This herb can kill insects, moisten the lungs, treat hemorrhoids, and resolve accumulations. It is used to treat various conditions such as parasitic infestations, cough, anal leakage, and pediatric malnutrition with accumulation and emaciation."

2、《天目山药用植物志》：“治食积，驱蛔虫。”
2. "Medicinal Plants of Tianmu Mountain": "Used to treat food stagnation and expel roundworms."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治食积：（三尖杉）种子7枚。研粉用开水吞服，每日1次，连服7天。（《湖南药物志》）
Treatment for food stagnation: Take 7 seeds of Chinese Plum Yew (Cephalotaxus fortunei), grind into powder, swallow with boiling water once a day, continuously for 7 days. (From "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan Province")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季种子成熟时采收，晒干。
Harvest the seeds when they are mature in autumn, and then dry them in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：三尖杉科植物三尖杉。
The plant species is Cephalotaxus fortunei, belonging to the family Cephalotaxaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

三尖杉，又名头形杉、血榧、石榧、水杉树、红榧、梭罗树、藏杉、桃松、狗尾松、山榧树、水油松。乔木，高达20米，胸径达40厘米；树皮褐色或红褐色，裂成片状脱落；枝条较细长，稍下垂；树冠广圆形。叶排成两列，披针状条形，通常微弯，长4-13(多为5-10)厘米，宽3.5-4.5毫米，上部渐窄，先端有渐尖的长尖头，基部楔形或宽楔形，上面深绿色，中脉隆起，下面气孔带白色，较绿色边带宽3-5倍，绿色中脉带明显或微明显。雄球花8-10聚生成头状，径约1厘米，总花梗粗，通常长6-8毫米，基部及总花梗上部有18-24枚苞片，每一雄球花有6-16枚雄蕊，花药3，花丝短；雌球花的胚珠3-8枚发育成种子，总梗长1.5-2厘米。种子椭圆状卵形或近圆球形，长约2.5厘米，假种皮成熟时紫色或红紫色，顶端有小尖头；子叶2枚，条形，长2.2-3.8厘米，宽约2毫米，先端钝圆或微凹，下面中脉隆起，无气孔线，上面有凹槽，内有一窄的白粉带；初生叶镰状条形，最初5-8片，形小，长4-8毫米，下面有白色气孔带。花期4月，种子8-10月成熟。
Taxus chinensis, also known as Chinese yew, is a tall tree that can grow up to 20 meters in height with a trunk diameter of up to 40 centimeters. Its bark is brown or reddish-brown, peeling off in flakes. The branches are slender and slightly drooping, with a broad round crown. The leaves are arranged in two rows, lanceolate or linear in shape, usually slightly curved, 4-13 cm long (mostly 5-10 cm), and 3.5-4.5 mm wide. The upper part narrows gradually with a pointed tip, while the base is wedge-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped. The upper surface is deep green with a raised midrib, while the lower surface has white stomatal bands that are 3-5 times wider than the green marginal bands. The male cones are clustered into head-like structures, about 1 cm in diameter, with thick peduncles usually 6-8 mm long. There are 18-24 bracts at the base and upper part of the peduncle, and each male cone has 6-16 stamens with 3 anthers and short filaments. The female cones have 3-8 ovules that develop into seeds, with a total peduncle length of 1.5-2 cm. The seeds are elliptical-ovoid or nearly spherical, about 2.5 cm long, with a purple or reddish-purple false aril when mature, and a small pointed tip at the apex. There are two cotyledons, linear, 2.2-3.8 cm long and about 2 mm wide, with a blunt or slightly concave tip, raised midrib on the lower surface, no stomatal lines, grooves on the upper surface, and a narrow white powdery band inside. The primary leaves are sickle-shaped linear, initially 5-8 in number, small in size, 4-8 mm long, with white stomatal bands on the lower surface. The flowering period is in April, and the seeds mature from August to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于中南及陕西、甘肃、安徽、浙江、四川、贵州、云南等地。
Distributed in central and southern China, as well as in Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

为我国特有树种，生于针、阔叶树混交林中。
It is a unique tree species in China, growing in mixed forests of coniferous and broad-leaved trees.