铁杆蒿，中药名。为菊科蒿属植物万年蒿ArtemisiagmeliniiWeb.exStechm.的地上部分。植物万年蒿，分布于内蒙古（西部）、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、四川（西部）及西藏。具有杀黏虫，止痛，燥协日乌素，抑痧，消肿之功效。主治脑刺痛，黏痧，虫牙，白喉，炭疽，皮肤瘙痒，疥疮，逗疹等。
Tie-gan-hao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the aerial part of the plant Artemisia gmelinii Web.ex Stechm. of the Asteraceae family, is distributed in western Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, western Sichuan, and Tibet. It has the effects of killing parasites, relieving pain, promoting the production of melanin, inhibiting tetanus, and reducing swelling. It is used to treat stabbing headaches, phlegm-heat syndrome, toothache, diphtheria, anthrax, itchy skin, scabies, and eczema.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

杀黏虫，止痛，燥协日乌素，抑痧，消肿。
Kill parasites, relieve pain, dry the 'Xie Ri Wu Su', suppress epidemic toxins, and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

脑刺痛，黏痧，虫牙，白喉，炭疽，皮肤瘙痒，疥疮，逗疹等。
Headache, sticky phlegm or epidemic toxin ("nian sha"), tooth decay, diphtheria, anthrax, itchy skin, scabies, acne, etc.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煮散剂，3～5g；或入丸、散。
Internal use: decoction powder, 3–5g; or made into pills or powders.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《呼和必德力亚》：“铁杆蒿炭杀虫，破痞，燥协日乌素疮。”
"Hu He Bi De Li Ya": "Artemisia annua charcoal kills insects, breaks up stagnation, and dries sores caused by 'Xie Ri Wu Su'."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1. 治脑刺痛：绵羊颅骨（制）、龙骨（制）、泡囊草（制）、铁杆蒿、黑云香各等量，制成煮散剂。每次3-5g，每日1-2次，水煎服。（《医术之助甘露方》五味黑云香汤）
   To treat stabbing headache: equal amounts of processed sheep skull, processed dragon bone, processed Paonao herb, iron-stem Artemisia, and black agarwood are made into a decoction powder. Take 3–5g each time, once or twice daily, boiled in water and taken orally. ("Five-Flavor Black Agarwood Decoction" from Yi Shu Zhi Zhu Ganlu Fang)

2. 治黏痧，虫痧：黑冰片100g，五灵脂、铁杆蒿、马蔺子各25g，制成煮散剂。每次3-5g，每日1-2次，水煎服。（《医法海鉴》四味黑冰片汤）
   To treat sticky dysentery and parasitic poisoning: 100g of black borneol, and 25g each of Wu Ling Zhi, iron-stem Artemisia, and Ma Lian Zi are made into a decoction powder. Take 3–5g each time, once or twice daily, boiled in water and taken orally. ("Four-Flavor Black Borneol Decoction" from Yi Fa Hai Jian)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季割取地上部分，除去杂质，切段，阴干或煎膏。
Harvesting and processing: In summer and autumn, cut the above-ground parts, remove impurities, slice into segments, and air-dry in shade or decoct into paste.

炮制方法：取净铁杆蒿，按煅炭法煅成炭或煎膏。
Processing method: Take cleaned Artemisia annua and calcine into charcoal according to the traditional calcination method, or decoct into paste.

保存方法 Storage Method

晒干贮于干燥容器内，置于通风干燥处。
Dry in the sun, store in a dry container, and keep in a well-ventilated and dry place.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：茎呈类圆形，直径1～3㎜，表面紫色或紫褐色，有十多个纵棱。质脆易折断，断面绿白色。叶卷曲破碎，完整者卵形或矩圆状卵形，二回羽状全裂；侧裂片5～10对，羽状全裂或具缺刻状锯齿；小裂片矩圆形，或条状披针形，宽1～4㎜，全缘或有锯齿；上表面绿色，疏被毛，有腺点，下表面灰绿色，密被白色及蛛丝状毛。气香，味苦，性凉。
Characteristics of the medicinal material: The stem is nearly circular, 1–3 mm in diameter, with a purple or purplish-brown surface and more than ten longitudinal ridges. It is brittle and easily broken, with a greenish-white fracture surface. Leaves are curled and fragmented; intact ones are ovate or rectangular-ovate, bipinnately dissected; lateral lobes in 5–10 pairs, pinnately fully divided or with notched serrations; small lobes rectangular or linear-lanceolate, 1–4 mm wide, entire or serrated; upper surface green, sparsely hairy with glandular dots; lower surface gray-green, densely covered with white and cobweb-like hairs. Aromatic odor, bitter taste, cool nature.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科蒿属植物万年蒿。
Species: Artemisia sacrorum (Old Year Wormwood), belonging to the genus Artemisia in the family Asteraceae.

形态特征：植物万年蒿，别名细裂叶莲蒿《中国植物志》，半灌木状草本。主根稍粗，木质；根状茎略粗，木质，直径1-2厘米，有多数多年生木质的营养枝。茎通常多数，丛生，高10-40(-80)厘米，下部木质，上部半木质，紫红色，自下部分枝，稀不分枝；茎、枝初时被灰白色绒毛，后渐稀疏或无毛。叶上面初时被灰白色短柔毛，后渐稀疏或近无毛，暗绿色，常有凹穴与白色腺点或凹皱纹，背面密被灰色或淡灰黄色蛛丝状柔毛；茎下部、中部与营养枝叶卵形或三角状卵形，长2-4厘米，宽1-2厘米，二至三回栉齿状的羽状分裂，第一至二回为羽状全裂，每侧裂片4-5枚，裂片间排列紧密，小裂片栉齿状的短线形或短线状披针形，边缘通常具数枚小栉齿，栉齿长1-2毫米，宽0.2-0.5毫米，稀无小栉齿，叶柄长0.8-1.3厘米，基部有小型栉齿状分裂的假托叶；上部叶一至二回栉齿状的羽状分裂；苞片叶呈栉齿状羽状分裂或不分裂，而为披针形或披针状线形。头状花序近球形，直径3-4（-6）毫米，有短梗或近无梗，斜生或下垂，密集着生在茎端或在分枝端排成穗状花序或为穗状花序式的总状花序，并在茎上组成狭窄的总状花序式的圆锥花序；总苞片3-4层，外层总苞片椭圆形或椭圆状披针形，背面有灰白色短柔毛或近无毛，边缘狭膜质，中层总苞片卵形，无毛，边缘宽膜质，内层总苞片膜质花序托凸起，半球形；雌花10-12朵，花冠狭圆锥状，背面有腺点，花柱线形，略伸出花冠外，先端2叉；两性花40-60朵，花冠管状，背面微有腺点，花药线形，上端附属物尖，长三角形，基部钝，花柱与花冠近等长，先端2叉，叉端截形，有睫毛。瘦果长圆形，果壁上有细纵纹。花果期8-10月。
Morphological characteristics: Artemisia sacrorum, also known as Xi Lie Ye Lian Hao in Flora of China, is a semi-shrubby herb. Main root slightly thick and woody; rhizome slightly thick and woody, 1–2 cm in diameter, bearing numerous perennial woody nutrient branches. Stems usually multiple, clustered, 10–40(–80) cm tall, lower part woody, upper part semi-woody, purplish-red, branched from below, rarely unbranched; stems and branches initially covered with gray-white tomentose hairs, later becoming sparse or glabrous. Upper leaf surface initially with gray-white short soft hairs, later sparse or nearly glabrous, dark green, often with pits, white glandular dots, or wrinkled depressions; lower surface densely covered with gray or pale gray-yellow cobweb-like tomentum. Lower and middle stem leaves and those on nutrient branches are ovate or triangular-ovate, 2–4 cm long, 1–2 cm wide, 2–3 times pinnately dissected in a comb-like pattern; first and second-order lobes fully pinnately divided, 4–5 per side, closely arranged; small lobes are comb-shaped, short-linear or linear-lanceolate, 1–2 mm long, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, with several small teeth on margins (rarely none); petiole 0.8–1.3 cm long, base with small comb-shaped pseudostipules. Upper leaves 1–2 times comb-like pinnately divided; bract leaves either comb-like pinnately divided or undivided, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Heads nearly spherical, 3–4(–6) mm in diameter, with short or nearly sessile peduncles, obliquely ascending or drooping, densely arranged at stem or branch tips in spike-like racemes or panicle-like inflorescences, forming narrow panicle-like corymbs on the stem. Involucral bracts in 3–4 layers: outer ones elliptical or elliptic-lanceolate, back with gray-white short hairs or nearly glabrous, narrowly membranous margin; middle ones ovate, glabrous, broadly membranous margin; inner ones membranous; receptacle convex, hemispherical. Female flowers 10–12, corolla narrowly conical, with glandular dots on back, style linear, slightly exserted, bifid at apex. Hermaphroditic flowers 40–60, corolla tubular, slightly glandular on back, anthers linear, apical appendages acute, triangular, base blunt; styles nearly equaling corolla, bifid at apex, tips truncate with cilia. Achene oblong, with fine longitudinal ridges on fruit wall. Flowering and fruiting from August to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于内蒙古（西部）、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、四川（西部）及西藏。
Distributed in western Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, western Sichuan, and Tibet.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1500-4900米的山坡、草原、半荒漠草原、草甸、灌丛、砾质阶地、滩地等。
Grows on slopes, grasslands, semi-desert steppes, meadows, shrublands, gravel terraces, and beaches at altitudes of 1500–4900 meters.