山黄麻叶，中药名。为榆科山黄麻属植物山黄麻Tremaorientalis（L.）Bl.的叶。植物山黄麻，分布于我国华南、西南及福建、台湾、西藏等地。具有止血之功效。主治外伤出血。
Shan-huang-ma-ye, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the leaves of Trema orientalis (L.) Bl., a plant of the family Ulmaceae. The plant is distributed in southern and southwestern China, as well as in Fujian, Taiwan, and Tibet. It is effective in stopping bleeding and is mainly used to treat external injuries with bleeding.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

止血。
Hemostasis.

主治 Indications

外伤出血。
Traumatic bleeding.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

外用：适量，鲜品捣敷；或研末敷。
External use: Apply an appropriate amount of fresh herbs by pounding and applying, or apply as powdered form.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《广西本草选编》：“止血。主治外伤出血。”
"Guangxi Materia Medica Compilation": "Hemostasis. Used to treat external bleeding."

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状叶多皱缩，展平后完整者呈卵形、卵状披针形或披针形，长6-18cm，先端长渐尖，基部心形或近截形，常稍斜，基部3出脉明显；边缘有小锯齿，上面有短硬毛而粗糙，下面密被淡黄色柔毛。质脆。气微，味涩。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The leaves are wrinkled and shriveled. When flattened, intact ones are oval, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 6–18 cm long, with a long acuminate apex, cordate or nearly truncate base (often slightly oblique), and three prominent basal veins. Margins have small serrations; upper surface is rough with short stiff hairs; lower surface is densely covered with pale yellow soft hairs. Brittle in texture, faint odor, astringent taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属榆科山黄麻属植物山黄麻。
The plant species is Trema orientale, belonging to the genus Trema in the family Cannabaceae (formerly Ulmaceae).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

山黄麻，别名山麻木、九层麻《广西本草选编》，麻桐树、山角麻、山王麻《全国中草药汇编》，麻木、下格木《广西药用植物名录》。小乔木，高4-8米。当年生枝条密被白色伸展的曲柔毛。叶互生；叶柄长4-12毫米，密被白色柔毛；叶片纸质，卵状披针形或披针形，长6-18厘米，宽3-8厘米，先端长而渐尖，基部心形或近截平，常稍斜，上面有短硬毛而粗糙，下面密被银灰色丝质柔毛或曲柔毛，边缘有细锯齿；基出3脉，侧脉5-6对，网脉明显。花单性，雌雄异株，聚伞花序稠密，稍长于叶柄；花萼5深裂，背面被毛；雄蕊5，与萼片对生；雄花长约1毫米，雌花长约2毫米；子房1室，柱头2，被毛。核果卵球形，果柄长2-3毫米，被毛。花期5-6月，果期6-8月。
Trema orientale, also known as Shan Huang Ma, has several synonyms: Shan Ma Mu, Jiu Ceng Ma (Guangxi Herbal Compilation), Ma Tong Shu, Shan Jiao Ma, Shan Wang Ma (National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines), Ma Mu, Xia Ge Mu (Guangxi Medicinal Plant Catalog). It is a small tree, 4–8 meters tall. Young branches are densely covered with white, spreading, soft hairs. Leaves are alternate; petioles 4–12 mm long, densely hairy; leaf blades papery, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 6–18 cm long, 3–8 cm wide, acuminate at apex, cordate or nearly truncate at base (often slightly oblique), upper surface rough with short stiff hairs, lower surface densely covered with silvery-gray silky or soft hairs, margins finely serrated; three basal veins, lateral veins 5–6 pairs, reticulate venation evident. Flowers unisexual, plants dioecious; cymes dense, slightly longer than petioles; calyx deeply 5-lobed, hairy on back; stamens 5, opposite sepals; male flowers about 1 mm long, female flowers about 2 mm long; ovary 1-celled, stigma 2, hairy. Drupe ovoid, pedicel 2–3 mm long, hairy. Flowering from May to June, fruiting from June to August.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔800米左右的疏林中。
Born in sparse forests at an altitude of around 800 meters.