血经草，中药名。为野牡丹科植物长萼野海棠Bredialongiloba（Hand.-Mazz.）Diels的全草。分布于江西、湖南、广东等地。具有清热利湿，活血调经之功效。常用于淋证，月经不调，痛经，指头炎。
Xue-jing-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant of Bredia longiloba (Hand.-Mazz.) Diels, a wild peony plant in the family of Rubiaceae. It is distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and other places. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, activating blood circulation, and regulating menstruation. It is often used for conditions such as urinary tract infections, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, and paronychia.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，活血调经。
Clearing heat and dampness, promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation.

主治 Indications

用于淋证，月经不调，痛经，指头炎。
Indications: Used for damp-heat syndrome, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, and paronychia.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；大剂量可用至60g。外用：适量，煎水洗；或鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g; high doses can be used up to 60g. External use: appropriate amount, decoct in water for washing; or apply fresh product as a poultice.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《湖南药物志》：“清热利尿，活血调经。”
"Hunan Materia Medica": "Clears heat, promotes diuresis, invigorates blood, and regulates menstruation."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治膀胱炎：（叶底红）全草15g，鲜车前草、水灯芯草、积雪草各15g。水煎服。

1. Treatment for cystitis: 15g of whole plant of Ye Di Hong, 15g each of fresh Plantago asiatica, Houttuynia cordata, and Saxifraga stolonifera. Decoction for oral administration.

2、治月经不调、痛经：（叶底红）全草60g，山莓根18g，火把果根30g。煎水兑甜酒服。
2. Treatment for irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea: 60g of whole plant of Ye Di Hong, 18g of Rubus chingii root, 30g of Rubus parvifolius root. Decoction with sweet wine for oral administration.

3、治指头炎：（叶底红）全草煎水，先熏后洗。再以鲜叶捣烂敷。（1-3方出自《湖南药物志》）
3. Treatment for paronychia: Decoction of whole plant of Ye Di Hong for fumigation and washing. Then crush fresh leaves and apply as a poultice. (The above prescriptions are from "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan Province")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采挖，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in summer or autumn, wash and clean, use fresh or sun-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：野牡丹科植物长萼野海棠。
The long-sepal wild Begonia is a plant of the Melastomataceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

亚灌木，高20-40厘米；茎四棱形，具匍匐茎，逐节生根，基部木质化，不分枝或少数分枝，密被柔毛及平展的腺毛，以后腺毛成刺毛。叶片纸质或坚纸质，卵形或椭圆状卵形，顶端急尖或短渐尖，基部钝至浅心形，长5-8厘米，宽2.2-4.5厘米，边缘具细锯齿，齿尖具刺毛，基出脉7,最靠近边缘的两条常不明显，叶面被微柔毛及疏糙伏毛或长柔毛，基出脉微凹，侧脉平整，背面密被微柔毛，脉隆起，明显，有时尚杂有平展的长柔毛，细脉网状；叶柄长1-4.5厘米，被柔毛及平展的疏刺毛。由伞形花序组成聚伞花序，或伞形花序，顶生或生于小枝顶端，长3-7厘米，与花梗、花萼均被微柔毛及疏腺毛，花梗长约1厘米，花萼漏斗形，管长约5毫米，裂片线状披针形，长约1毫米；花瓣紫红色，长圆状卵形，顶端渐尖，微偏斜，长约1厘米，宽约5毫米；雄蕊近等长，长1-1.2厘米，花药长5-6毫米，略长者基部具极短的柄，略短者基部具刺状小瘤及后面呈短距，整个连成1盘状；子房卵形，顶端具膜质冠，冠缘具腺毛。蒴果杯形，顶端具膜质冠，冠缘具疏腺毛，为宿存萼所包；宿存萼杯形，具四棱，长约5毫米，直径4-6毫米，被微柔毛及疏腺毛，顶端冠以宿存萼片。花期8-10月，果期约10月。
Euonymus is a subshrub, 20-40 cm tall; stem four-angled, with creeping stems, rooting at each node, woody at the base, unbranched or with few branches, densely covered with soft hairs and spreading glandular hairs, later becoming prickly hairs. Leaves papery or coriaceous, ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate at the apex, obtuse to shallow cordate at the base, 5-8 cm long, 2.2-4.5 cm wide, margin finely serrate, teeth tipped with prickly hairs, 7 primary veins, the two closest to the margin often indistinct, leaf surface with sparse soft hairs and rough appressed hairs or long soft hairs, slightly concave primary veins, straight lateral veins, densely covered with soft hairs on the back, veins raised, distinct, sometimes with scattered spreading long soft hairs, fine venation reticulate; petiole 1-4.5 cm long, covered with soft hairs and sparse prickly hairs. Umbel inflorescence composed of umbellate cymes, or umbel-like cymes, terminal or borne at the apex of small branches, 3-7 cm long, with peduncles, calyx, and flowers all covered with soft hairs and sparse glandular hairs, peduncle about 1 cm long, calyx funnel-shaped, tube about 5 mm long, lobes linear-lanceolate, about 1 mm long; petals purple-red, oblong-ovate, apex gradually pointed, slightly oblique, about 1 cm long, 5 mm wide; stamens nearly equal in length, 1-1.2 cm long, anthers about 5-6 mm long, those slightly longer with very short stalks at the base, those slightly shorter with prickly small tubercles at the base and short distances behind, all connected into a disc; ovary ovoid, apex with membranous crown, crown margin with glandular hairs. Capsule cup-shaped, apex with membranous crown, crown margin with sparse glandular hairs, enveloped by persistent calyx; persistent calyx cup-shaped, four-angled, about 5 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, covered with soft hairs and sparse glandular hairs, apex crowned with persistent calyx lobes. Flowering period from August to October, fruiting around October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于江西、湖南、广东等地。
Distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔600-900m的山坡、山谷疏林下或路边水旁湿地。
Born on slopes and valleys at an altitude of 600-900 meters, in sparse forests or wetlands near roadsides.