小飞蓬，中药名。为菊科植物小蓬草Conyzacanadensis（L.）Cronq.的全草。具有清热利湿，散瘀消肿的功效。主治痢疾，肠炎，肝炎，胆囊炎，跌打损伤，风湿骨痛，疮疖肿痛，外伤出血，牛皮癣。
Xiao-fei-peng, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. s the whole herb of the plant Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. of the family Asteraceae. It has the effects of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, dispelling stasis, and reducing swelling. It is mainly used for treating dysentery, enteritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, bruises, rheumatic pain, painful carbuncles, external bleeding, and psoriasis.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，散瘀消肿。
Clearing heat, promoting dampness elimination, dispersing blood stasis, and reducing swelling.

主治 Indications

痢疾，肠炎，肝炎，胆囊炎，跌打损伤，风湿骨痛，疮疖肿痛，外伤出血，牛皮癣。
Dysentery, enteritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, contusions, rheumatic bone pain, abscesses, external bleeding, and psoriasis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 15–30g. External use: Appropriate amount, fresh herb mashed for topical application.

化学成分 Chemical Components

1、全草含挥发油，其中含柠檬烯，芳樟醇，乙酸亚油醇酯及醛类，母菊酯，去氢母菊酯和矢车菊属烃X。2、地上部分含β-檀香萜烯，花侧柏烯，β-雪松烯，α-姜黄烯，γ-荜澄茄烯，柠檬烯，醛类，松油醇，二戊烯，枯牧烯，邻苄基苯甲酸，皂甙，高山黄芩甙，γ-内酯类，苦味质，树脂，胆碱，维生素等。

1. The whole plant contains volatile oil, including limonene, linalool, linoleyl acetate, aldehydes, matricin, dehydromatricin, and Tanacetum-type hydrocarbon X. 2. The aerial parts contain β-santalene, caryophyllene, β-cedrene, α-turmerone, γ-curcumene, limonene, aldehydes, terpineol, dipentene, cuparene, o-benzyl benzoic acid, saponins, scutellarein glucoside, γ-lactones, bitter principles, resins, choline, vitamins, etc.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、抗炎抗菌作用：小飞蓬地上部分石油醚和乙醇提取物对大鼠角叉菜胶和甲醛性足肿胀有抑制作用。石油醚提取物中的β-雪松烯是抗炎活性成分。小飞蓬可用于治疗细菌性痢疾，全草醚提取液体内外抑菌作用试验确定香草酸、丁香酸为主要抗菌有效成分。2、对心血管系统的作用：小飞蓬全草总黄酮水溶性部位可使15-甲基前列腺素F2α所致的收缩的离体猪冠状动脉得到舒张，终浓度为4mg（浸膏）/ml时作用即显著。小飞蓬水提物有轻微而短暂的降压作用，可抑制心脏，增加呼吸幅度，但对平滑肌和骨骼肌无作用。

1. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects: Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts from the aerial parts of Conyza canadensis (Small Fleabane) inhibit carrageenan- and formaldehyde-induced paw edema in rats. β-Cedrene in the petroleum ether extract is the active anti-inflammatory component. For bacterial dysentery, tests on the ether extract of the whole plant confirmed that vanillic acid and syringic acid are the main effective antibacterial constituents. 2. Cardiovascular effects: The water-soluble fraction of total flavonoids from the whole plant of Conyza canadensis can relax isolated porcine coronary arteries contracted by 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2α, with significant effect at a final concentration of 4 mg (extract)/ml. The aqueous extract has a mild and transient hypotensive effect, inhibits cardiac activity, and increases respiratory amplitude, but shows no effect on smooth or skeletal muscle.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《云南中草药》：“清热，解毒。”2、《湖南药物志》：“杀虫止痒祛风。”3、《广西本草选编》：“消肿止痛，祛风解毒。”4、《福建药物志》：“主治胆囊炎，肝炎，肾炎，中暑，喉痛，蛔虫病，关节痛。”5、南药《中草药学》：“祛风湿，止血。”6、《浙江药用植物志》：“清热利湿，散瘀消肿。主治痢疾，肠炎；外用治牛皮癣，跌打损伤，疮疖肿毒，风湿痹痛，外伤出血，中耳炎，眼结膜炎。”

1. Yunnan Materia Medica: "Clears heat and detoxifies." 2. Hunan Materia Medica: "Kills parasites, relieves itching, and dispels wind." 3. Guangxi Selection of Materia Medica: "Reduces swelling, relieves pain, dispels wind, and detoxifies." 4. Fujian Materia Medica: "Indicated for cholecystitis, hepatitis, nephritis, heatstroke, sore throat, helminthiasis, and joint pain." 5. Southern Chinese Herbal Medicine: "Dispels wind-dampness and stops bleeding." 6. Zhejiang Medicinal Plant Atlas: "Clears heat, promotes diuresis, disperses blood stasis, and reduces swelling. Used internally for dysentery and enteritis; externally for psoriasis, contusions, carbuncles, abscesses, rheumatic arthralgia, external bleeding, otitis media, and conjunctivitis."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治菌疾，肠炎：小飞蓬全草30g。水煎服。（《广西本草选编》）2、治慢性胆囊炎：小白酒草18g，鬼针草15g，南五味子根、两面针各6g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》）3、治结膜炎：鱼胆草鲜叶，捣汁滴眼。4、治中耳炎：鱼胆草鲜叶捣汁，加鳝鱼血滴耳。每日2次。5、治热性牙痛：鱼胆草鲜全草，捣烂含于牙痛处。（3-5方出自《云南中草药》）6、治牛皮癣：小飞蓬鲜叶揉擦患处，每日1-2次；如是脓疱型，先用全草水煎外洗，待好转后，改用鲜叶外搽；厚痂型，当痂皮教化剥去后，用鲜叶涂搽。（《广西本草选编》）7、治肾囊风：小飞蓬100g。煎水洗患处。（《湖南药物志》）

1. For treating dysentery and enteritis: 30g of the whole herb of Conyza canadensis, decocted and taken orally. (Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica) 2. For chronic cholecystitis: 18g of Conyza canadensis, 15g of Bidens pilosa, and 6g each of Schisandra sphenanthera root and Radix Zanthoxyli, decocted and taken orally. (Fujian Materia Medica) 3. For conjunctivitis: Crush fresh leaves of Houttuynia cordata to extract juice and instill into eyes. 4. For otitis media: Crush fresh leaves of Houttuynia cordata, mix with eel blood, and instill into ear twice daily. 5. For heat-induced toothache: Crush fresh whole herb of Houttuynia cordata and place on painful tooth. (Formulas 3–5 from Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine) 6. For psoriasis: Rub fresh leaves of Conyza canadensis on affected area 1–2 times daily; for pustular type, first wash externally with a decoction of the whole herb, then switch to topical application of fresh leaves after improvement; for thick crust type, remove scabs before applying fresh leaves. (Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica) 7. For scrotal eczema: 100g of Conyza canadensis, decocted for washing the affected area. (Hunan Materia Medica)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、夏季采收，鲜用或切段晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Collect in spring and summer, use fresh or cut into sections and dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：茎直立，表面黄绿或绿色，具细棱及粗糙毛。单叶互生，叶片展平后线状披针形，基部狭，先端渐尖，疏锯齿缘或全缘，有长缘毛。多数小头状花序集成圆锥花序状，花黄棕色。气香特异，味微苦。
Macroscopic characteristics: The stem is erect, yellow-green or green, with fine ridges and coarse hairs. Leaves are alternate, linear-lanceolate when flattened, narrow at base, gradually tapering at apex, with sparsely serrated or entire margins, and long marginal cilia. Numerous small capitula form panicle-like inflorescences, with yellowish-brown flowers. Aromatic odor, slightly bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科白酒草属小蓬草。
Species: Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., family Asteraceae, genus Conyza.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高50-100cm。具锥形直根。茎直立，有细条纹及粗糙毛，上部多分枝，呈圆锥状，小枝柔弱。单叶互生；基部叶近匙形，长7-10cm，宽1-1.5cm，先端尖，基部狭，全缘或具微锯齿，边缘有长睫毛，无明显的叶柄；上部叶条形或条状披针形。头状花序多数，直径约4mm，有短梗，密集成圆锥状或伞房圆锥状；总苞半球形，直径约3mm；总苞片2-3层，条状披针形，边缘膜质，几无毛；舌状花直立，白色微紫，条形至披针形；两性花筒状，5齿裂。瘦果矩圆形；冠毛污白色，刚毛状。花期5-9月。
Annual herb, 50–100 cm tall, with a conical taproot. Stem erect, striated, covered with rough hairs, much branched in upper part forming a conical shape, branches slender. Leaves alternate; basal leaves nearly spatulate, 7–10 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide, acute tip, narrow base, entire or minutely serrate margins, long ciliate edges, no distinct petiole; upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. Numerous small heads, about 4 mm in diameter, with short pedicels, densely arranged in paniculate or corymbose panicles. Involucre hemispherical, ca. 3 mm in diameter, phyllaries in 2–3 rows, linear-lanceolate, membranous margins, nearly glabrous. Ray florets erect, white with slight purple tinge, linear to lanceolate. Disc florets tubular, 5-toothed. Achenes rectangular; pappus dirty white, bristle-like. Flowering period: May to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北地区及内蒙古、山西、陕西、山东、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、广西、四川及云南等地。
Distributed in northeastern China, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other regions.

道地产区 Authentic Producing Regions

我国南北各地均产。自产自销。
Produced throughout both northern and southern China. Locally grown and consumed.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡、草地或田野、路旁。
Grows on hillsides, grasslands, fields, or roadsides.