菟丝，中药名。为旋花科菟丝子属植物菟丝子CuscutachinensisLam.的全草。植物菟丝子，分布于我国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古、新疆、山东、江苏、安徽、河南、浙江、福建、四川、云南等省，伊朗，阿富汗向东至日本，朝鲜，南至斯里兰卡，马达加斯加，澳大利亚也有分布。具有清热解毒，凉血止血，健脾利湿之功效。主治痢疾，黄疸，吐血，衄血，便血，血崩，淋浊，带下，便溏，目赤肿痛，咽喉肿痛，痈疽肿毒，痱子。
Tu-si, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant of Cuscuta chinensis Lam., a plant of the Convolvulaceae family. The plant is distributed in various provinces of China such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, as well as in Iran, Afghanistan, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Australia. It is known for its effects of clearing heat and detoxification, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and invigorating the spleen and eliminating dampness. It is used to treat dysentery, jaundice, vomiting blood, hemorrhage, bloody stool, menorrhagia, cloudy urine, leukorrhea, diarrhea, red and swollen eyes, sore throat, carbuncle, and prickly heat.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，凉血止血，健脾利湿。
Clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, strengthening the spleen and promoting dampness elimination.

主治 Indications

痢疾，黄疸，吐血，衄血，便血，血崩，淋浊，带下，便溏，目赤肿痛，咽喉肿痛，痈疽肿毒，痱子。
Dysentery, jaundice, vomiting blood, nosebleed, rectal bleeding, excessive menstrual bleeding, cloudy urine, abnormal vaginal discharge, diarrhea, red and swollen eyes, sore throat, swollen and painful abscesses, prickly heat.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9～15g；或研末。外用：适量，煎水洗；或捣敷；或捣汁涂、滴患处。
Internal use: decoction, 9–15g; or take as powder. External use: appropriate amount, decoct for washing; or apply as a poultice; or crush and apply the juice topically or drop onto affected area.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《本经》：“汁去面䵟。”

1. The Classic of Materia Medica: "The juice removes facial freckles."

2、《本草蒙筌》：“解热毒痱疹，散痒塌痘疮。”
2. Compendium of Materia Medica: "Clears heat-toxin rashes, relieves itching, and treats pustular sores."

3、《药鉴》：“利水，治湿热。”
3. Pharmaceutical Mirror: "Promotes urination and treats damp-heat conditions."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治小便不通，金丝草一握，同韭菜根头煎汤洗小肚。（《慈惠小编》）

1. To treat urinary retention, take a handful of Desmodium styracifolium and boil it with Chinese chive roots; wash the lower abdomen with the decoction. (Cihui Xiaobian)

2、治阳痿遗精，腰膝酸痛，小便淋漓，大便溏泄，妇女白带，金灯藤全草9～12g，水煎，冲黄酒、红糖服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
2. To treat impotence, nocturnal emission, soreness in the loins and knees, frequent urination, loose stools, and leukorrhea in women, take 9–12g of the whole plant of Desmodium styracifolium, decoct in water, and mix with yellow wine and brown sugar before consumption. (Commonly Used Folk Herbs in Zhejiang)

3、治细菌性痢疾、肠炎，鲜菟丝子全草30g，每日1剂，煎服2次。（内蒙古《中草药新医疗法资料选编》）
3. To treat bacterial dysentery and enteritis, use 30g of fresh Cuscuta chinensis whole plant, one dose per day, decocted twice and taken orally. (Selected Compilation of New Medical Treatment Methods Using Chinese Herbal Medicine in Inner Mongolia)

4、治小儿单纯性消化不良，金丝草研粉，每次0.9～1.5g，温开水送服，每日2～3次。（《浙江药用植物志》）
4. To treat simple indigestion in children, grind Desmodium styracifolium into powder, take 0.9–1.5g each time with warm water, 2–3 times daily. (Medicinal Plants of Zhejiang)

5、治目赤肿痛，咽喉肿痛，鲜金丝草适量。捣烂取汁，滴眼或滴喉。（《浙江药用植物志》）
5. To treat red, swollen, and painful eyes or sore throat, use an appropriate amount of fresh Desmodium styracifolium, crush to extract juice, and apply as eye drops or throat drops. (Medicinal Plants of Zhejiang)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采收全草，晒干或鲜用。
Harvest the whole plant in autumn, dry in sunlight or use fresh.

炮制方法：取原药材，除去杂质，抢水洗净，稍润，切长段，干燥，过筛。
Processing method: Take the raw herb, remove impurities, quickly rinse with water, slightly moisten, cut into long segments, dry, and sift.

保存方法：晒干贮于干燥容器内，置阴凉通风处。
Storage method: Dry thoroughly, store in a dry container, and keep in a cool, well-ventilated place.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：干燥茎多缠绕成团，呈棕黄色，柔细，直径约1㎜。叶退化成鳞片状，多脱落。花簇生于茎节，成球形。果实圆形或扁球形，大小不一，棕黄色。气微，味苦。
Medicinal material characteristics: The dried stems are mostly twisted into clusters, brownish-yellow, soft and thin (about 1 mm in diameter). Leaves are reduced to scale-like structures and often shed. Flowers cluster at nodes, forming spherical inflorescences. Fruits are round or flattened, varying in size, brownish-yellow. Slight odor, bitter taste.

饮片性状：为不规则的段，呈乱丝状或结成团。茎纤细，淡黄色或棕黄色，多弯曲不直，偶有螺旋状。花小，钟状，簇生，淡棕黄色。蒴果近球形，淡黄色。气微，味微苦、涩。
Herbal slice characteristics: Irregular segments, tangled like fine threads or clumped. Stems slender, light yellow or brownish-yellow, mostly curved, occasionally spiraled. Flowers small, bell-shaped, clustered, light brownish-yellow. Capsules nearly spherical, pale yellow. Slight odor, slightly bitter and astringent taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：旋花科菟丝子属植物菟丝子。
Species: Cuscuta chinensis Lam., family Convolvulaceae.

形态特征：一年生寄生草本。茎缠绕，黄色，纤细，直径约1毫米，无叶。花序侧生，少花或多花簇生成小伞形或小团伞花序，近于无总花序梗；苞片及小苞片小，鳞片状；花梗稍粗壮，长仅1毫米许；花萼杯状，中部以下连合，裂片三角状，长约1.5毫米，顶端钝；花冠白色，壶形，长约3毫米，裂片三角状卵形，顶端锐尖或钝，向外反折，宿存；雄蕊着生花冠裂片弯缺微下处；鳞片长圆形，边缘流苏状；子房近球形，花柱2，等长或不等长，柱头球形。蒴果球形，直径约3毫米，几乎全为宿存的花冠所包围，成熟时整齐的周裂。种子2～49，淡褐色，卵形，长约1毫米，表面粗糙。
Morphological characteristics: Annual parasitic herb. Stem twining, yellow, slender (ca. 1 mm in diameter), leafless. Inflorescence lateral, few- to many-flowered, clustered into small umbel-like or corymb-like clusters, nearly sessile; bracts and bracteoles small, scale-like; pedicels slightly thickened, ca. 1 mm long; calyx cup-shaped, connate below middle, lobes triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, apex blunt; corolla white, pitcher-shaped, ca. 3 mm long, lobes triangular-ovate, apex acute or blunt, reflexed outward, persistent; stamens inserted slightly below sinus of corolla lobes; scales oblong, margins fringed; ovary nearly globose, style 2, equal or unequal, stigma globose. Capsule spherical, ca. 3 mm in diameter, almost entirely enclosed by persistent corolla, circumscissile at maturity. Seeds 2–49, pale brown, ovate, ca. 1 mm long, surface rough.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于我国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古、新疆、山东、江苏、安徽、河南、浙江、福建、四川、云南等省，伊朗，阿富汗向东至日本，朝鲜，南至斯里兰卡，马达加斯加，澳大利亚也有分布。
Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other provinces in China; also found in Iran, Afghanistan, extending eastward to Japan and North Korea, southward to Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Australia.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔200～3000米的田边、山坡阳处、路边灌丛或海边沙丘，通常寄生于豆科、菊科、蒺藜科等多种植物上。
Grows at altitudes of 200–3000 meters, commonly found along field edges, sunny slopes, roadside shrubs, or coastal dunes. Typically parasitic on various host plants from families such as Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Zygophyllaceae.