菵米，中药名。为禾本科菵草属植物菵草Beckmanniasyzigachne（Steud.）Fern.的种子。植物菵草，分布于我国东北，经华北、华东以至西北、西南诸地。具有益气健胃之功效。主治感冒发热，食滞胃肠，身体乏力。
Wang-mi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The seed of Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern., a plant of the Poaceae family. The plant is distributed in the northeast of China, and extends to North China, East China, Northwest China, and Southwest China. It has the efficacy of invigorating the qi and strengthening the stomach. It is mainly used to treat colds, fever, indigestion, and physical weakness.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

益气健胃。
Tonify qi and invigorate the stomach.

主治 Indications

感冒发热，食滞胃肠，身体乏力。
Common cold with fever, food stagnation in the gastrointestinal tract, and physical weakness.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煮食，适量。
Internal administration: cook and eat, in appropriate amount.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《本草拾遗》：“菵草生水田中，苗似小麦而小。四月熟，可做饭。”
"Compendium of Materia Medica": "Water chestnut grass grows in water fields, with seedlings resembling small wheat. It ripens in April and can be used for cooking."

《纲目》：“《尔雅》：皇、守田。郭璞云：一名守气，生废田中，似燕麦，子如雕胡，可食。”
"Outline": "'Erya': 'huang', guarding the fields. Guo Pu said: also known as 'shouqi', it grows in abandoned fields, resembling oats, with seeds like carved tiger teeth, and can be eaten."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治中风，肢体不遂，菵草（炙去毛出汗）45g，蝎梢、肉桂（去皮）各1g，当归、荆三棱、蓬莪术各30g，羌活15g，共研为细末。1日2次，1次6g，温酒送服，得涎出为度。（菵草散《王氏博济方》）
Treatment for stroke with limb paralysis: 45g of dried Acorus gramineus (processed to remove hair and induce sweating), 1g each of scorpion and Cinnamomum cassia (peeled), 30g each of Angelica sinensis, Equisetum hyemale, and Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii, and 15g of Notopterygium incisum, all ground into a fine powder. Take 6g of the powder with warm wine twice a day. Salivation is the desired outcome. (Acorus gramineus Powder from "Wang Shi Bo Ji Fang")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采收，晒干。
Harvest in autumn and sun-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：禾本科菵草属植物菵草。
The plant belongs to the family Gramineae and the genus Miscanthus.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

菵草，别名皇、守田（《尔雅》），守气（《尔雅》郭璞注），为一年生直立草本。秆高15-90cm，有2-4节。叶鞘无毛，多长于节间；叶舌透明膜质，长3-8mm；叶片扁平，长5-20cm，宽3-10mm，粗糙或背面平滑。圆锥花序狭窄，由多数简短贴生或斜升的穗状花序组成，长10-30cm，分枝稀疏，直立或斜升；小穗有1（稀为2）小花，近圆形，长约3mm，两侧压扁，几无柄，成双行覆瓦状排列于穗轴的一侧；小穗轴渐落于颖下，颖半圆形，等长，草质，边缘膜质，白色，有3脉，先端钝或锐尖，背部灰绿色，有淡绿色横纹；内稃稍短于外稃，有脊；雄蕊3，花药黄色，长约1mm。花、果期4-9月。
Wangcao, also known as Huang and Shoutian in the "Erya", or Shouqi according to Guo Pu's commentary, is an annual erect herb. The stem is 15-90cm tall with 2-4 nodes. The leaf sheath is hairless and usually longer than the internode; the ligule is transparent and membranous, 3-8mm long; the blade is flat, 5-20cm long, 3-10mm wide, rough or smooth on the back. The panicle is narrow, composed of numerous short appressed or ascending spikelets, 10-30cm long, with sparse branches, erect or ascending. Each spikelet has 1 (rarely 2) floret, nearly round, about 3mm long, laterally compressed, nearly sessile, arranged in two rows on one side of the rachis. The rachilla disarticulates below the glumes. Glumes are semi-circular, equal, herbaceous, with thin membranous white margins, 3-veined, apex obtuse or acute, gray-green with pale green transverse stripes on the back. Lemma slightly shorter than palea, with keels. Stamens 3, anthers yellow, about 1mm long. Flowering and fruiting period from April to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于我国东北，经华北、华东以至西北、西南诸地。
Distributed in northeastern China, through North China, East China, to Northwest and Southwest regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于水旁潮湿之处。
Born in damp places by the water.