菥蓂子，中药名。为十字花科植物菥蓂ThlaspiarvenseL.的种子。分布几遍全国。具有明目，祛风湿之功效。用于目赤肿痛，障翳胬肉，迎风流泪，风湿痹痛。
Xi-ming-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the seeds of the plant Thlaspi arvense L. of the Cruciferae family. It is distributed throughout the country. It has the functions of improving vision and dispelling wind and dampness. It is used for red and swollen eyes, cataracts, tearing in the wind, and rheumatic pain.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

明目，祛风湿。
Brighten the eyes, dispel wind and dampness.

主治 Indications

用于目赤肿痛，障翳胬肉，迎风流泪，风湿痹痛。
Used for redness, swelling and pain in the eyes, pterygium, tearing in the wind, and rheumatic pain.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-15g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 5-15g.

注意事项 Precautions

《本草经集注》：“恶干姜、苦参。”
"The Compendium of Materia Medica Annotations": "Contraindicated with dry ginger and Sophora flavescens (Ku Shen)."

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

菥蓂子所含黑芥子苷经酶水解成黑芥子油后，有杀菌作用。黑芥子苷可用于痛风治疗以增加尿酸的排出。
After the sinigrin in Ximizi seeds is enzymatically hydrolyzed into allyl isothiocyanate (mustard oil), it exhibits antibacterial effects. Sinigrin can be used in the treatment of gout to promote uric acid excretion.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《本经》：“主明目，目痛泪出，除痹，补五脏，益精光，久服轻身不老。”
"Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica": "Primarily clears vision, alleviates eye pain and excessive tearing, removes impediments, tonifies the five organs, enhances essence and brightness; long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治眼热痛，泪不止：菥蓂子捣筛为末，欲卧，以铜箸点眼中，当有热泪及恶物出，并去胬肉，可三四十夜点之。（《海上集验方》）
To treat hot and painful eyes with persistent tearing: grind Ximizi seeds into a fine powder, before sleeping, apply it into the eyes using a copper stick. This will induce the discharge of heat, tears, and impurities, and help remove pterygium. It may be applied nightly for thirty to forty nights. (From Hai Shang Ji Yan Fang)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：5-6月果实成熟时，割取全株，打下种子，晒干，扬净。
Harvesting and processing: when fruits mature from May to June, cut the whole plant, thresh out the seeds, dry them in the sun, and winnow clean.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：种子扁圆形，长约1.8mm，宽约1.2mm；表面棕黑色，两面各有5-7条突起的偏心性环纹，基部尖，并有小凹。种皮薄，无胚乳，子叶直叠。气微，味淡。
Characteristics of the medicinal material: Seeds are flat and round, approximately 1.8 mm long and 1.2 mm wide; surface is brown-black, each side bearing 5–7 raised eccentric rings; base is pointed with a small depression. Seed coat is thin, no endosperm present, cotyledons folded straight. Slight odor, bland taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：十字花科植物菥蓂。
Species: Thlaspi arvense L., family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高9-60厘米，无毛；茎直立，不分枝或分枝，具棱。基生叶倒卵状长圆形，长3-5厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，顶端圆钝或急尖，基部抱茎，两侧箭形，边缘具疏齿；叶柄长1-3厘米。总状花序顶生；花白色，直径约2毫米；花梗细，长5-10毫米；萼片直立，卵形，长约2毫米，顶端圆钝；花瓣长圆状倒卵形，长2-4毫米，顶端圆钝或微凹。短角果倒卵形或近圆形，长13-16毫米，宽9-13毫米，扁平，顶端凹入，边缘有翅宽约3毫米。种子每室2-8个，倒卵形，长约1.5毫米，稍扁平，黄褐色，有同心环状条纹。花期3-4月，果期5-6月。
Annual herb, 9–60 cm tall, glabrous; stem erect, unbranched or branched, angled. Basal leaves oblanceolate, 3–5 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide, apex rounded or acute, base clasping stem, arrow-shaped on both sides, margin sparsely toothed; petiole 1–3 cm long. Racemes terminal; flowers white, ca. 2 mm in diameter; pedicels slender, 5–10 mm long; sepals erect, ovate, ca. 2 mm long, apex rounded; petals oblong-obovate, 2–4 mm long, apex rounded or slightly emarginate. Silicles obovate or nearly orbicular, 13–16 mm long, 9–13 mm wide, flattened, apically notched, margins winged (ca. 3 mm wide). Seeds 2–8 per locule, obovate, ca. 1.5 mm long, slightly flattened, yellowish-brown, with concentric striations. Flowering March–April, fruiting May–June.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布几遍全国。
Distributed almost throughout China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生在平地路旁，沟边或村落附近。
Grows beside roads, ditches, or near villages on flat land.