荨麻，中药名。为荨麻科植物宽叶荨麻UrticalaetevirensMaxim.、荨麻UrticafissaPritz、狭叶荨麻Urticaangustifolia、麻叶荨麻UrticacannabinaL.的全草。宽叶荨麻分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、青海、山东、湖北、湖南、四川、云南、西藏等地。荨麻分布于陕西、甘肃、安徽、浙江、福建、河南、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。狭叶荨麻分布于东北、华北等地。麻叶荨麻分布于东北、华北、西北及四川、云南等地。具有祛风通络，平肝定惊，消积通便，解毒之功效。常用于风湿痹痛，产后抽风，小儿惊风，小儿麻痹后遗症，高血压，消化不良，大便不通，荨麻疹，跌打损伤，虫蛇咬伤。
Xun-ma, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole herb of plants in the Urticalaetevirens Maxim. (宽叶荨麻), Urticafissa Pritz (荨麻), Urticaangustifolia (狭叶荨麻), and Urticacannabina L. (麻叶荨麻) of the Urticaceae family. Urticalaetevirens Maxim. is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, and other regions. Urticafissa Pritz is distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions. Urticaangustifolia is distributed in Northeast China and North China. Urticacannabina L. is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other regions. It is known for its effects of dispelling wind and promoting blood circulation, calming the liver and relieving convulsions, promoting digestion and relieving constipation, and detoxification. It is commonly used for rheumatic pain, postpartum convulsions, infantile convulsions, sequelae of infantile paralysis, hypertension, indigestion, constipation, urticaria, bruises, and insect or snake bites.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

祛风通络，平肝定惊，消积通便，解毒。主治
Dispelling wind and promoting circulation, calming the liver and settling agitation, resolving stagnation and promoting bowel movements, detoxifying. Used to treat.

风湿痹痛，产后抽风，小儿惊风，小儿麻痹后遗症，高血压，消化不良，大便不通，荨麻疹，跌打损伤，虫蛇咬伤。用法用量
Wind-damp arthralgia, postpartum convulsions, infantile convulsions, sequelae of infantile paralysis, hypertension, indigestion, constipation, urticaria, bruises, and insect or snake bites. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，5-10g。外用：适量，捣汁擦；或捣烂外敷；或煎水洗。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 5-10g. External use: Proper amount, apply the juice topically; or apply the mashed herb externally; or use as a wash after decoction. Precautions.

内服不宜过量；脾胃虚弱者慎服。《本草图经》：“人误服之，吐利不止。”相关论述
Internal consumption should not be excessive; those with weak spleen and stomach should take it cautiously. In "Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica", it is mentioned: "If taken mistakenly, it may cause continuous vomiting and diarrhea."

1、《本草图经》：“荨麻生江宁府山野中。”2、《植物名实图考长编》：“《陇蜀余闻》：蝎子草，即杜诗所云其毒甚蜂虿者。吴或注爇草是也，一名山韭，触之如虿尾之螫人，城郭弥望皆是。”加工炮制 采收加工

1. "The 'Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica' states: 'Nettle grows in the mountains and fields of Jiangning Prefecture.'"2. "In the 'Comprehensive Compilation of Plant Names and Realities': 'From the 'Records Heard in Longshu', Scorpion grass, also known as the highly toxic bee and scorpion grass. Some say it is the same as burning grass, also known as mountain chives. Touching it is like being stung by a scorpion's tail, spreading throughout the city and beyond.' Processing and harvesting."

夏、秋季采收，切段，晒干。药材鉴别 药材性状
Harvest in summer or autumn, cut into sections, and sun-dry. Identification of medicinal materials and their characteristics.

1、宽叶荨麻：切成短段，长短不等，茎长1.4-3.8cm，直径1.5-4mm，绿色至红紫色，有钝棱，疏生螫毛和短柔毛，节上有对生叶，叶绿色，皱缩易碎。花序穗状，皱缩，数个腋生，具短总梗。瘦果密集，宽卵形，稍扁，长约1.5mm。体轻，质软。气微，味淡、微辛。2、荨麻：与前种区别：叶片具5-7对掌状浅裂，裂片有三角状粗锯齿。以身干，茎、叶绿者为佳。3、狭叶荨麻：根茎细长，淡棕色，质硬而脆，易折断，断面类白色。须根纤细，卷缩，黄棕色。茎四棱形，长50-150cm，棕绿色至褐绿色，常单一，有螫毛。叶皱褶或破碎，展开后为披针形或窄卵形，长5-12cm，宽1.2-2.8cm，边缘有粗锯齿，表面暗绿色至褐绿色，密被点状钟乳体及短毛，具明显的3出脉，背面灰绿色。质脆，易破碎。气微，味微苦。植物学信息 植物种属

1. Urtica fissa: Cut into short segments of varying lengths, stems are 1.4-3.8cm long and 1.5-4mm in diameter, green to reddish-purple, with blunt edges, sparsely covered with stinging and short soft hairs, opposite leaves on the nodes, green and easily crumbled. Inflorescences are spike-like, wrinkled, several axillary, with short peduncles. Fruits are densely packed, broadly ovoid, slightly flattened, about 1.5mm long. Light in weight, soft in texture. Slightly fragrant, with a mild and slightly pungent taste.2. Urtica: Different from the previous species: leaves with 5-7 pairs of palmately shallow lobes, lobes with triangular coarse serrations. The best parts are the main stem, green stems, and leaves.3. Urtica angustifolia: Rhizomes are slender, pale brown, hard and brittle, easily breakable, with a white-like cross-section. Fine fibrous roots are curled, yellowish-brown. Stems are four-angled, 50-150cm long, brownish-green to brownish-green, usually solitary, with stinging hairs. Leaves are wrinkled or fragmented, lanceolate or narrowly ovate when unfolded, 5-12cm long, 1.2-2.8cm wide, with coarse serrations on the edges, dark green to brownish-green on the surface, densely covered with glandular dots and short hairs, with distinct 3-veined patterns, and grayish-green on the back. Brittle in texture, easily fragmented. Slightly fragrant, with a slightly bitter taste. Botanical information: Plant species.

荨麻科植物宽叶荨麻、荨麻、狭叶荨麻、麻叶荨麻。形态特征
Urticaceae plants include the broadleaf nettle, nettle, slender nettle, and hemp nettle. These plants have distinct morphological characteristics.

1、宽叶荨麻：又名螫麻、哈拉海、痒痒草、虎麻草、青活麻。多年生草本。茎高40-100cm。疏生螫毛和微柔毛，不分枝或分枝。叶对生；叶柄长1-3cm；托叶每节4枚，离生，有时上部多少合生，披针形；叶片狭卵形至宽卵形，长4-9cm，宽2.5-4.5cm，先端短渐尖至长渐尖，基部宽楔形或圆形，边缘有锐牙齿或锯齿，两面疏生刺毛和细糙毛，钟乳体短杆状，有时点状；基出脉3条。雌雄同株；雄花序生于茎上部叶腋，长约达8cm；花被片4，雄蕊4；雌花序生于下部叶腋，较短；花被片4，有细糙毛，柱头画笔头状。瘦果卵形，稍扁，长达1.5mm。花期3-5月，果期5-8月。2、荨麻：又名火麻、火麻草、白活麻、活麻草、裂叶荨麻。多年生草本，茎高60-100cm。生螫毛和反曲的微柔毛。叶对生；叶柄长l-7cm；托叶合生，卵形；叶片宽卵形或近五角形，长及宽5-12cm，先端渐尖，基部圆形或浅心形，近掌状浅裂，裂片三角形，有不规则牙齿，下面生微柔毛，沿脉生螫毛。雌雄同株或异株；雄花序长达10cm，具稀疏分枝，在雌雄同株时生雌花序之下；雄花直径约2mm，花被片4；雌花序较短，分枝极短，雌花小，长约0.4mm，柱头画笔头状，瘦果近球形，扁平，有细柔毛。种子有黄色细点。花期9-10月，果期10-11月。3、狭叶荨麻：又名螫麻子、小荨麻、哈拉海。多年生草本，高达150cm。茎直立，有四棱，被螫毛。单叶对生；叶柄长8-17mm；托叶线形，分离；叶片长圆状披针形或披针形，长4-12cm，宽1.2-2.8cm，先端渐尖，基部圆形，边缘有粗锯齿，齿尖朝向叶的先端。雌雄异株，花序长达4cm，多分枝；雄花直径约2mm，花被4；雄蕊4；雌花较雄花小，花被片4，果期增大；子房长圆形，柱头画笔头状。瘦果卵形，长约1mm，包于宿有的花被内。花期7-8月，果期8-10月。4、麻叶荨麻：哈拉海、蝎子草、螫麻子、焮麻。多年生草本，茎高达150cm。有棱，被螫毛和紧贴的微柔毛。叶对生；叶柄长2-8cm；托叶离生，狭三角形；叶片五角形，长4-12cm，宽3.5-12cm，3深裂或3全裂，一回裂片再羽状深裂，两面疏生短柔毛，下面疏生螫毛。雌雄同株或异株；花序长达12cm，雄花序多分枝，雄花直径约2mm，花被片4，雄蕊4；雌花花被片花后增大，长达2.5mm，有短柔毛和少数螫毛，柱头画笔头状。瘦果卵形，扁，长约2mm，光滑。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。分布区域

1. Broadleaf nettle: also known as stinging nettle, harahai, itch grass, tiger nettle, and green nettle. It is a perennial herbaceous plant. The stem is 40-100cm tall, sparsely covered with stinging hairs and fine hairs, unbranched or branched. Leaves are opposite; leaf stalk is 1-3cm long; stipules are 4 per node, free, sometimes partially fused in the upper part, lanceolate; leaf blades are narrowly ovate to broadly ovate, 4-9cm long, 2.5-4.5cm wide, with short to long acuminate apex, wide cuneate or rounded base, serrate or dentate margins, sparsely covered with prickly hairs and fine rough hairs on both sides, glandular dots short rod-shaped, sometimes punctate; 3 primary veins. Monoecious; male flowers in spikes in the upper leaf axils, about 8cm long; perianth with 4 segments, 4 stamens; female flowers in spikes in the lower leaf axils, shorter; perianth with 4 segments, with fine rough hairs, stigma pen-like. Fruit is ovoid, slightly flattened, up to 1.5mm long. Flowering period is from March to May, fruiting period is from May to August.2. Nettle: also known as fire nettle, fire nettle grass, white nettle, nettle grass, and lobed leaf nettle. It is a perennial herbaceous plant, 60-100cm tall. It is covered with stinging hairs and recurved fine hairs. Leaves are opposite; leaf stalk is 1-7cm long; stipules are fused, ovate; leaf blades are broadly ovate or nearly pentagonal, 5-12cm long and wide, gradually pointed apex, rounded or shallow cordate base, shallowly palmately lobed, lobes triangular, irregularly toothed, sparsely covered with fine hairs on the underside, stinging hairs along the veins. Monoecious or dioecious; male spikes up to 10cm long, with sparse branching, when monoecious, female spikes are below the male spikes; male flowers about 2mm in diameter, with 4 perianth segments; female spikes are shorter, with very short branches, female flowers small, about 0.4mm long, stigma pen-like, fruit nearly globose, flattened, with fine soft hairs. Seeds have yellow fine spots. Flowering period is from September to October, fruiting period is from October to November.3. Narrowleaf nettle: also known as nettle seed, small nettle, harahai. It is a perennial herbaceous plant, up to 150cm tall. The stem is erect, quadrangular, covered with stinging hairs. Leaves are single and opposite; leaf stalk is 8-17mm long; stipules are linear, separate; leaf blades are oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4-12cm long, 1.2-2.8cm wide, gradually pointed apex, rounded base, with coarse serrations on the margins, teeth pointing towards the apex of the leaf. Dioecious, flower spikes up to 4cm long, highly branched; male flowers about 2mm in diameter, with 4 perianth segments and 4 stamens; female flowers smaller than male flowers, with 4 perianth segments, enlarging during fruiting; ovary oblong, stigma pen-like. Fruit is ovoid, about 1mm long, enclosed in the persistent perianth. Flowering period is from July to August, fruiting period is from August to October.4. Hemp-leaf nettle: harahai, scorpion grass, nettle seed, xinma. It is a perennial herbaceous plant, up to 150cm tall. It has edges, covered with stinging hairs and closely appressed fine hairs. Leaves are opposite; leaf stalk is 2-8cm long; stipules are separate, narrowly triangular; leaf blades are pentagonal, 4-12cm long, 3.5-12cm wide, deeply 3-lobed or 3-parted, once lobed then pinnately lobed, sparsely covered with short soft hairs on both sides, sparsely stinging hairs on the underside. Monoecious or dioecious; flower spikes up to 12cm long, male spikes highly branched, male flowers about 2mm in diameter, with 4 perianth segments and 4 stamens; female flowers enlarge after flowering, about 2.5mm long, with short soft hairs and a few stinging hairs, stigma pen-like. Fruit is ovoid, flattened, about 2mm long, smooth. Flowering period is from July to August, fruiting period is from August to September. Distribution area.

1、宽叶荨麻：分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、青海、山东、湖北、湖南、四川、云南、西藏等地。2、荨麻：分布于陕西、甘肃、安徽、浙江、福建、河南、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。3、狭叶荨麻：分布于东北、华北等地。4、麻叶荨麻：分布于东北、华北、西北及四川、云南等地。生长环境

1. Broadleaf nettle: distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, and other regions.2. Nettle: distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions.3. Narrowleaf nettle: distributed in Northeast China, North China, and other regions.4. Hemp leaf nettle: distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other regions. Growth environment.

1、宽叶荨麻：生于山地林下或沟边。2、荨麻：生于海拔1000m左右的山坡路旁草丛中或沟边。3、狭叶荨麻：生于山地林边或沟边。4、麻叶荨麻：生于干燥山坡或沙丘坡上。

1. Broadleaf nettle: Grows in the understory of mountain forests or along gullies.2. Nettle: Grows in grassy areas along mountain slopes at an altitude of around 1000 meters or along gullies.3. Narrowleaf nettle: Grows at the edge of mountain forests or along gullies.4. Hemp nettle: Grows on dry mountain slopes or sand dunes.