山银柴胡，中药名。为石竹科石头花属植物长蕊石头花GypsophilaoldhamianaMiq.、圆锥石头花GypsophilapaniculataL.、大叶石头花GypsophilapacificaKom.、无心菜属灯心草蚤缀ArenariajunceaBieb.、蝇子草属旱麦瓶草SilenejenisseensisWilld.、长白旱麦瓶草SilenejenisseensisWilld.var.oliganihella（NakaiexKitag.）Y.C.Chu及毛萼麦瓶草SilenerepensPatr.的根。植物长蕊石头花，分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、河南等地；植物圆锥石头花，分布于新疆、江苏、台湾等地；植物大叶石头花，分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁等地；植物灯心草蚤缀，分布于吉林、辽宁、河北、内蒙古、山西、新疆、山东、江苏等地；植物旱麦瓶草，分布于东北、华北、西北及山东地区；植物长白旱麦瓶草，分布于黑龙江、吉林等地；植物毛萼麦瓶草，分布于黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古等地。具有凉血，清虚热之功效。主治阴虚肺劳，骨蒸潮热，盗汗，小儿疳热，久疟不止。
Shan-yin-chai-hu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. s the root of several plants in the Caryophyllaceae family, including Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq., Gypsophila paniculata L., Gypsophila pacifica Kom., Arenaria juncea Bieb., Silene jenisseensis Willd., Silene jenisseensis Willd. var. oliganihella (Nakai ex Kitag.) Y.C. Chu, and Silene repens Patr. Gypsophila oldhamiana is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Henan. Gypsophila paniculata is found in Xinjiang, Jiangsu, and Taiwan. Gypsophila pacifica is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. Arenaria juncea is found in Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Shandong, and Jiangsu. Silene jenisseensis is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, and Shandong. Silene jenisseensis var. oliganihella is found in Heilongjiang and Jilin. Silene repens is found in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia. Shan-yin-chai-hu is known for its ability to cool the blood and clear deficiency heat. It is used to treat lung deficiency, bone-steaming heat, night sweats, infantile malnutrition fever, and persistent malaria.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

凉血，清虚热。主治
Cool the blood, clear deficiency heat. Used to treat.

阴虚肺劳，骨蒸潮热，盗汗，小儿疳热，久疟不止。用法用量
Yin deficiency with lung fatigue, bone steaming and tidal heat, night sweats, infantile malnutrition fever, and persistent malaria. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，3-9g。注意事项
Internal administration: Decoction, 3-9g. Precautions.

气虚泄泻者忌用；血虚发热者忌用。药理作用
Avoid using for those with Qi deficiency and diarrhea; avoid using for those with Blood deficiency and fever. Pharmacological effects.

1、抗动脉粥样硬化作用。2、中枢抑制作用。相关论述

1. Anti-atherosclerotic effect.2. Central inhibitory effect. Related discussions.

1、《东北常用中草药手册》：“清热凉血。主治肺结核发热，久疟发热。”2、《山西中草药》：“清热凉血。治骨蒸劳热，小儿疳积。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Handbook of Commonly Used Northeastern Chinese Medicinal Herbs": "Clears heat and cools blood. Used to treat fever in pulmonary tuberculosis and prolonged fever in malaria."2. "Shanxi Medicinal Herbs": "Clears heat and cools blood. Used to treat bone steaming and fatigue heat, as well as infantile malnutrition." Clinical applications and relevant combinations.

1、治肺结核潮热，①山银柴胡、地骨皮各9g，鳖甲15g，青蒿l2g。煎服。（《安徽中草药》）②山银柴胡6g，胡黄连3g，秦艽9g，鳖甲9g，地骨皮9g，青蒿9g，知母9g，甘草3g。水煎服（《沙漠地区药用植物》）2、治小儿疳积，①山银柴胡6g，白扁豆9g，党参6g，白术9g。水煎服。②山银柴胡6g，白薇4.5g，麦芽6g。水煎服。（《青岛中草药手册》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For treating fever in pulmonary tuberculosis: (1) Take 9g of Radix Saussureae, 9g of Cortex Dictamni, 15g of Biejia (turtle shell), and 12g of Artemisia annua. Decoct and take orally. (From "Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine") (2) Take 6g of Radix Saussureae, 3g of Rhizoma Coptidis, 9g of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, 9g of Biejia (turtle shell), 9g of Cortex Dictamni, 9g of Artemisia annua, 9g of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, and 3g of Radix Glycyrrhizae. Decoct with water and take orally. (From "Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas")2. For treating infantile malnutrition: (1) Take 6g of Radix Saussureae, 9g of Semen Phaseoli, 6g of Radix Codonopsis, and 9g of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae. Decoct with water and take orally. (2) Take 6g of Radix Saussureae, 4.5g of Radix Clematidis, and 6g of Fructus Hordei Germinatus. Decoct with water and take orally. (From "Qingdao Chinese Herbal Medicine Handbook") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

春、秋季采挖，去净泥土，切片，晒干备用。药材鉴别 药材性状
In spring and autumn, the herbs are harvested, cleaned of soil, sliced, and dried in the sun for later use. The identification and characteristics of the herbs are important in traditional Chinese medicine.

药材性状：1、长蕊石头花，根圆柱形或圆锥形，略扁，长10-22cm，直径0.5-4.5cm。根头部常分叉，有小形突起的地上茎痕。表面棕黄色或灰棕黄色，有扭曲的纵沟纹，有的栓皮已除去，呈黄白色，形成棕黄相间的花纹；近根头处有多数凸起的圆形支根痕及细环纹。质坚实，不易折断，断面不平坦，有3-4层黄白色相间排列所成的环状花纹（异型维管束）。气微，味苦、辛辣，有刺激感。2、圆锥石头花，根圆柱形，上部有分枝，顶端有多数残余地上茎痕。表面淡黄色，有纵皱纹及支根痕。质坚实，折断面黄白色。气微，味甘。3、灯心草蚤缀，根略呈圆锥形，直径2-4cm，有时有分枝。根头部有众多地上茎残基，紧接根头部有细环纹，下部有纵皱纹及支根痕。表面灰棕色或浅棕色，有的地方栓皮剥落呈黄色斑痕。质较松，易折断，断面黄白色，有放射状纹理。气微，味略苦。4、旱麦瓶草，根细圆柱形，长5-10cm，宽0.5-2.0cm，偶有分枝。根头部有少数细小疣状突起，并有细小芽痕。外表黄色至棕黄色，略具细纵纹，并有侧根残基。质较脆，易折断，折断面类白色，多裂隙。气微，味微辛。植物学信息 植物种属
Herbal characteristics: 1. Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii: The root is cylindrical or conical, slightly flattened, 10-22cm long, and 0.5-4.5cm in diameter. The root tip often forks, with small protrusions of residual aboveground stem scars. The surface is brownish-yellow or grayish-brownish-yellow, with twisted longitudinal grooves. Some cork has been removed, showing a yellowish-white color, forming brownish-yellow alternating patterns; near the root tip, there are numerous raised circular root scars and fine ring patterns. It is solid in texture, not easily broken, with an uneven cross-section, showing 3-4 layers of alternating yellow and white circular patterns (heterogeneous vascular bundles). It has a mild aroma, bitter and pungent taste, and a stimulating sensation. 2. Radix Notopterygii incisi: The root is cylindrical, with branches in the upper part and numerous residual aboveground stem scars at the top. The surface is light yellow, with longitudinal wrinkles and root scars. It is solid in texture, with a yellowish-white cross-section when broken. It has a mild aroma and sweet taste. 3. Radix et Rhizoma Ligustici: The root is slightly conical, 2-4cm in diameter, sometimes branched. There are numerous residual aboveground stem bases at the root tip, fine ring patterns just below the root tip, longitudinal wrinkles and root scars in the lower part. The surface is grayish-brown or light brown, with yellow spots where the cork has peeled off. It is relatively loose in texture, easy to break, with a yellowish-white cross-section and radial texture. It has a mild aroma and slightly bitter taste. 4. Radix et Rhizoma Bupleuri: The root is slender cylindrical, 5-10cm long, 0.5-2.0cm wide, occasionally branched. There are a few small wart-like protrusions at the root tip, and fine bud scars. The outer surface is yellow to brownish-yellow, slightly longitudinally grooved, with residual lateral roots. It is relatively brittle, easy to break, with a white-like cross-section and multiple fissures. It has a mild aroma and slightly pungent taste. Botanical information: Plant species.

石竹科石头花属植物长蕊石头花、圆锥石头花、大叶石头花、无心菜属灯心草蚤缀、蝇子草属旱麦瓶草、长白旱麦瓶草及毛萼麦瓶草。形态特征
The Caryophyllaceae family includes the following plants: Dianthus superbus, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus, Dianthus chinensis, Silene armeria, Silene vulgaris, Silene uniflora, and Silene dioica. These plants have distinct morphological characteristics.

1、长蕊石头花，多年生草本，全株无毛，高60-80cm。根粗壮而长，外皮淡棕色，有细皱纹，常呈扭曲状。茎直立，簇生，绿色或紫色，上部多分枝，节明显。单叶对生；无柄；叶片长圆状披针形至狭披针形，长4-8cm，宽5-15mm，先端尖，基部微抱茎，全缘；主脉3出。聚伞花序顶生或腋生；苞片卵形，先端锐尖；花梗直立；花萼钟状，裂片5，萼齿边缘有睫毛；花两性；花瓣5，粉红色或白色，狭倒卵形，先端微凹，基部具长爪；雄蕊10，比花瓣长；子房卵圆形，柱头2，伸出花冠外。蒴果卵状球形，比萼长。种子圆肾形，密被条状微突起。花期7-9月，果期8-10月。2、圆锥石头花，别名小香花菜《台湾药用植物志》。与以上种类的区别是：叶披针形或条状披针形，先端锐尖；叶脉1，少为3。圆锥状聚伞花序疏散，花小，多至千朵以上，白色有浓香；花梗柔细，为萼长的2-3倍。花期4-6月，果熟期7-8月。3、大叶石头花，与以上种类的区别是：叶长卵形，稍肉质，先端急尖。花梗长5-6（10）mm，花萼长2-3mm；花瓣淡粉紫色或粉红色。4、灯心蚤缀，别名山羊胡子《内蒙古中草药》，老牛筋（东北）。多年生草本，高约30cm。主根粗而伸长。茎直立，多数丛生，基部有许多老叶的残留物；茎基部无毛，上部被多细胞的腺毛。叶片窄线形，长1.5-10cm，宽0.3-1mm。聚伞花序顶生；花白色，花梗、花萼被有腺毛；萼片5，卵形，边缘膜质；花瓣倒卵形，先端微凹；雄蕊10；花柱3。5、旱麦瓶草，别名麦瓶草、黄柴胡、铁柴胡《长白山植物药志》。茎直立，不分枝。基生叶簇生，叶片线状披针形。花序总状或狭圆锥状；花黄白色；花萼筒状，萼齿卵状三角形，先端渐尖或急尖。脉10条；花瓣2叉状中裂，爪部狭倒披针形，具鳞片状附属物。蒴果6齿裂，齿片外弯。花期7-8月，果期8-10月。6、长白旱麦瓶草，全株低矮，高14-20（30）cm。基生叶长6-7cm，宽2-3mm。花少数（3-7朵），萼倒卵状椭圆形，长9-10mm，常具紫色脉；花瓣较宽大。7、毛萼麦瓶草，多年生草本，高15-50cm。全株有细柔毛。根状茎长蔓状，匍匐地面上；地上茎簇生或基部略匍匐，上部直立，花期后自叶腋常生出无花的短枝。叶条状披针形，长2-7cm，宽2-7mm。聚伞花序顶生或近枝端腋生；花白色；萼筒棍棒形，长1.2-1.5cm，外面密生柔毛；花瓣5；花柱5。分布区域

1. Long-stamen Saxifrage is a perennial herbaceous plant with a height of 60-80cm, and the entire plant is hairless. The roots are thick and long, with a light brown outer skin and fine wrinkles, often twisted. The stem is erect, clustered, green or purple, with many branches in the upper part and distinct nodes. The leaves are opposite, sessile, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 4-8cm long, 5-15mm wide, pointed at the tip, slightly clasping the stem at the base, with entire margins, and 3 main veins. The umbel inflorescence is terminal or axillary; the bracts are ovate with sharp tips; the flower stalk is erect; the calyx is bell-shaped with 5 lobes, and the edges of the calyx lobes have cilia; the flowers are hermaphroditic; the petals are 5, pink or white, narrowly obovate with a slightly concave tip, and a long claw at the base; there are 10 stamens longer than the petals; the ovary is oval, with 2 styles extending outside the corolla. The capsule is ovoid, slightly longer than the calyx. The seeds are rounded-kidney-shaped, densely covered with linear slight protrusions. The flowering period is from July to September, and the fruiting period is from August to October.2. Cone Saxifrage, also known as Small Fragrant Flower Vegetable in "Taiwan Medicinal Plants". The difference from the above species is that the leaves are lanceolate or linear-lanceolate with sharp tips, and the veins are usually 1, sometimes 3. The conical umbel inflorescence is sparse, with small flowers, often more than a thousand, white and fragrant; the flower stalks are slender, 2-3 times the length of the calyx. The flowering period is from April to June, and the fruiting period is from July to August.3. Large-leaved Saxifrage, distinguished from the above species by its long ovate leaves, slightly fleshy, and sharply pointed at the tip. The flower stalk is 5-6 (10) mm long, the calyx is 2-3mm long, and the petals are pale pink-purple or pink.4. Lampwick Bugleweed, also known as Goat's Beard in "Inner Mongolia Chinese Herbal Medicine" and Old Cow Tendon in the Northeast. It is a perennial herbaceous plant about 30cm tall. The main root is thick and elongated. The stem is erect, mostly clustered, with many remnants of old leaves at the base; the lower part of the stem is hairless, and the upper part is covered with multicellular glandular hairs. The leaves are narrow-linear, 1.5-10cm long, 0.3-1mm wide. The umbel inflorescence is terminal; the flowers are white, with glandular hairs on the flower stalks and calyx; the sepals are 5, ovate, membranous on the edges; the petals are inverted ovate with a slightly concave tip; there are 10 stamens; and 3 styles.5. Dry Wheat Bottlebrush, also known as Wheat Bottlebrush, Yellow Bupleurum, and Iron Bupleurum in "Changbai Mountain Plant Medicine". The stem is erect, unbranched. The basal leaves are clustered, linear-lanceolate. The spike inflorescence is racemose or narrowly conical; the flowers are yellow-white; the calyx is tubular, with ovate-triangular teeth, gradually pointed or sharply pointed at the tip. There are 10 veins; the petals are bifid, with narrow inverted-lanceolate claws and scale-like appendages. The capsule has 6 teeth, which curve outward. The flowering period is from July to August, and the fruiting period is from August to October.6. Changbai Dry Wheat Bottlebrush is a low-growing plant, 14-20 (30) cm tall. The basal leaves are 6-7cm long and 2-3mm wide. There are few flowers (3-7), with inverted ovate elliptical calyxes, 9-10mm long, often with purple veins, and larger petals.7. Hairy Calyx Wheat Bottlebrush is a perennial herbaceous plant, 15-50cm tall, with fine soft hairs covering the entire plant. The rhizome is long and creeping on the ground; the above-ground stem is clustered or slightly creeping at the base, erect in the upper part, and often produces flowerless short branches from leaf axils after flowering. The leaves are linear-lanceolate, 2-7cm long and 2-7mm wide. The umbel inflorescence is terminal or near the branch apex; the flowers are white; the calyx tube is club-shaped, 1.2-1.5cm long, densely covered with soft hairs on the outside; there are 5 petals and 5 styles. Distribution area.

1、长蕊石头花：分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、河南等地。2、圆锥石头花：分布于新疆、江苏、台湾等地。3、大叶石头花：分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁等地。4、灯心蚤缀：分布于吉林、辽宁、河北、内蒙古、山西、新疆、山东、江苏等地。5、旱麦瓶草：分布于东北、华北、西北及山东地区。6、长白旱麦瓶草：分布于黑龙江、吉林等地。7、毛萼麦瓶草：分布于黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古等地。生长环境

1. Long-stamen Saxifrage: distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, etc.2. Conical Saxifrage: distributed in Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Taiwan, etc.3. Large-leaf Saxifrage: distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, etc.4. Lampwick Fleabane: distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, etc.5. Dry Wheatgrass: distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, and Shandong.6. Changbai Dry Wheatgrass: distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, etc.7. Hairy Calyx Dry Wheatgrass: distributed in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, etc.Growing environment.

1、长蕊石头花，生于海拔2000m以下的石山坡干燥处、海滨荒山及沙坡地。2、圆锥石头花，生于向阳地势、排水良好和有腐殖质的石灰壤土上。3、大叶石头花，生于石砾质干山坡及丘陵坡地上。4、生于山坡柞树疏林下、山坡石缝间，常成片生长。5、旱麦瓶草，生于多石质干山坡、石砬子缝间、湖边沙岗及沙质草地。6、长白旱麦瓶草，生于高山带石碰子缝间及林下草地。7、毛萼麦瓶草，生于河岸及山坡草地、湿草甸、湖边的固走沙丘、草原、多石质干山坡、山坡林下。

1. Long-stamen Saxifrage grows in dry rocky slopes below 2000 meters above sea level, coastal barren mountains, and sandy slopes.2. Conical Saxifrage grows on sunny slopes with good drainage and humus-rich calcareous soil.3. Large-leaf Saxifrage grows on rocky dry slopes and hilly slopes.4. It grows under sparse oak forests on mountain slopes and among rocks, often forming patches.5. Dry Wheatgrass grows on rocky dry slopes, crevices between rocks, lakeside sand dunes, and sandy grasslands.6. Changbai Dry Wheatgrass grows in crevices of alpine rocky slopes and understory grasslands.7. Hairy Sepal Wheatgrass grows on riverbanks, mountain slopes, wet meadows, fixed sand dunes by the lake, grasslands, rocky dry slopes, and under the slopes of mountains.