匙羹藤，中药名。为萝藦科匙羹藤属植物匙羹藤Gymnemasylvestre(Retz.)Schult.的根或嫩枝叶。分布于浙江、福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、云南等地。具有祛风止痛，解毒消肿之功效。用于风湿痹痛，咽喉肿痛，瘰疬，乳痈，疮疥，湿疹，无名肿毒，毒蛇咬伤。
Shi-geng-teng, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The root or tender stems and leaves of the plant Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult., a member of the family Asclepiadaceae. It is distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other places. It has the functions of dispelling wind, relieving pain, detoxification, and reducing swelling. It is used for rheumatic pain, sore throat, scrofula, breast abscess, sores, eczema, unidentified swellings and toxins, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风止痛，解毒消肿。
Dispelling wind and relieving pain, detoxifying and reducing swelling.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，咽喉肿痛，瘰疬，乳痈，疮疥，湿疹，无名肿毒，毒蛇咬伤。
Used for rheumatic arthralgia, sore throat, scrofula, breast abscess, skin ulcers, eczema, unidentified swellings, and snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：15-30g。外用：鲜品适量，捣敷患处。
Internal use: 15-30g. External use: appropriate amount of fresh product, mashed and applied to the affected area.

注意事项 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Pregnant women should use with caution.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

降糖作用。
Hypoglycemic effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《广西本草选编》：“消肿止痛。主治跌打肿痛，骨折。”
"Guangxi Materia Medica Compilation": "Reduces swelling and relieves pain. Used to treat bruises, swelling pain, and fractures."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1. 痈、疽、疔：匙羹藤（根）30g，银花15g。水煎服。

2. For boils, carbuncles, and furuncles: 30g of Chishiteng (root) and 15g of Honeysuckle flowers. Decoct in water and take orally.

3. 无名肿毒，湿疹：匙羹藤（根）30g，土茯苓15g。水煎服。（1-2方出自《福建药物志》）

4. For unidentified swellings and damp eczema: 30g of Chishiteng (root) and 15g of Poria. Decoct in water and take orally. (Formulas 1–2 are from Fujian Materia Medica.)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：根全年均可采，洗净，切片，晒干或鲜用；枝叶春季采收，鲜用。
Harvest and process: Roots can be harvested all year round, washed, sliced, sun-dried or used fresh; branches and leaves are collected in spring and used fresh.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Material

药材性状：根圆柱状，直径1-3cm，常切成2-5mm厚的斜片；外表灰棕色，较粗糙，具裂纹及皮孔；切断面黄色，木部有细密小孔，形成层环波状弯曲，髓部疏松，淡棕色。茎类圆柱形，灰褐色，具皮孔，被微毛。叶对生，多皱缩，完整者展平后呈倒卵形或卵状长圆形，长3-8cm，宽1.5-4cm，仅叶脉被微毛；嫩、枯叶均具乳汁。叶柄长3-10mm，被短毛。气微，味苦。
Characteristics of medicinal material: The roots are cylindrical, 1–3 cm in diameter, often cut into oblique slices 2–5 mm thick; outer surface is gray-brown, rough, with cracks and lenticels; cut surface is yellow, xylem has fine small pores, vascular cambium forms wavy rings, pith is loose and light brown. Stems are nearly cylindrical, grayish-brown, with lenticels and sparsely pubescent. Leaves are opposite, often shriveled; when flattened, they are oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, 3–8 cm long, 1.5–4 cm wide, pubescent only on veins; both young and dry leaves contain milky latex. Petioles are 3–10 mm long, sparsely short-pubescent. Slightly aromatic, bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：萝藦科匙羹藤属植物匙羹藤。
Species: Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult., belonging to the Apocynaceae family (formerly classified under Asclepiadaceae, now merged into Apocynaceae), genus Gymnema.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

木质藤本，长达4米，具乳汁；茎皮灰褐色，具皮孔，幼枝被微毛，老渐无毛。叶倒卵形或卵状长圆形，长3-8厘米，宽1.5-4厘米，仅叶脉上被微毛；侧脉每边4-5条，弯拱上升；叶柄长3-10毫米，被短柔毛，顶端具丛生腺体。聚伞花序伞形状，腋生，比叶为短；花序梗长2-5毫米，被短柔毛；花梗长2-3毫米，纤细，被短柔毛；花小，绿白色，长和宽约2毫米；花萼裂片卵圆形，钝头，被缘毛，花萼内面基部有5个腺体；花冠绿白色，钟状，裂片卵圆形，钝头，略向右覆盖；副花冠着生于花冠裂片弯缺下，厚而成硬条带；雄蕊着生于花冠筒的基部；花药长圆形，顶端具膜片；花粉块长圆形，直立；柱头宽而短圆锥状，伸出花药之外。蓇葖卵状披针形，长5-9厘米，基部宽2厘米，基部膨大，顶部渐尖，外果皮硬，无毛；种子卵圆形，薄而凹陷，顶端截形或钝，基部圆形，有薄边，顶端轮生的种毛白色绢质；种毛长3.5厘米。花期5-9月，果期10月-翌年1月。
Woody vine up to 4 meters long, with milky latex; stem bark gray-brown with lenticels; young branches sparsely pubescent, becoming glabrous with age. Leaves are obovate or ovate-oblong, 3–8 cm long, 1.5–4 cm wide, pubescent only on veins; lateral veins 4–5 per side, curved and ascending; petioles 3–10 mm long, pubescent, with clustered glands at apex. Cymes umbel-like, axillary, shorter than leaves; peduncles 2–5 mm, pubescent; pedicels 2–3 mm, slender, pubescent; flowers small, greenish-white, ca. 2 mm in diameter; sepals ovate, obtuse, ciliate, with 5 basal glands on inner surface; corolla greenish-white, campanulate, lobes ovate, obtuse, slightly overlapping to the right; corona attached below corolla sinuses, thickened into hard bands; stamens inserted at base of corolla tube; anthers oblong with membranous tips; pollen masses oblong, erect; stigma broad, short-conical, exserted beyond anthers. Follicles ovoid-lanceolate, 5–9 cm long, 2 cm wide at base, swollen at base, tapering apically, outer pericarp hard, glabrous; seeds ovate, thin and concave, truncate or obtuse at apex, rounded at base, with narrow margin; coma white, silky, whorled at apex, 3.5 cm long. Flowering from May to September, fruiting from October to January of the following year.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于浙江、福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、云南等地。
Distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡、灌木丛中。
Found on hillsides and among shrubs.