铁苋，中药名。为大戟科植物铁苋菜AcalyphaaustralisL.及短穗铁苋菜AcalyphabrachystachyaHormen.的全草。具有清热利湿，凉血解毒，消积的功效。主治痢疾，泄泻，吐血，衄血，尿血，便血，崩漏，小儿疳积，痈疖疮疡，皮肤湿疹。
Tie-xian, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant of Acalypha australis L. and Acalypha brachystachya Hormen, both of which belong to the Euphorbiaceae family. It has the functions of clearing heat and dampness, cooling blood and detoxification, and resolving accumulation. It is mainly used for treating dysentery, diarrhea, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, hematochezia, menometrorrhagia, pediatric malnutrition, carbuncle, sore, and eczema.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

清热利湿，凉血解毒，消积。主治
Clearing heat and dampness, cooling blood and detoxifying, and resolving accumulation. Used to treat...

痢疾，泄泻，吐血，衄血，尿血，便血，崩漏，小儿疳积，痈疖疮疡，皮肤湿疹。用法用量
Dysentery, diarrhea, vomiting blood, nosebleed, hematuria, rectal bleeding, menorrhagia, pediatric malnutrition, abscesses, ulcers, and eczema. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，10-15g；鲜品30-60g。外用：适量，水煎洗或捣敷。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g; Fresh product, 30-60g. External use: Appropriate amount, decoct in water for washing or apply as a poultice. Precautions.

老弱气虚者慎服，孕妇禁服。化学成分
Those who are elderly, weak, or have deficiency in qi should take it with caution, and pregnant women should not take it. Chemical composition.

铁苋菜全草含没食子酸、铁苋碱。药理作用
The whole plant of pigweed contains gallic acid and amaranthine. Pharmacological effects.

1、抗菌作用：铁苋菜煎剂用试管稀释法1∶128对志贺痢疾杆菌。1∶32对史氏痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓轩菌、金黄色葡萄球菌，均有抑制作用。铁苋菜中的没食子酸在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、甲型链球菌、卡他双球菌均有抑制作用，为铁苋莱中抗菌的主要成分。2、平喘作用：铁苋菜所含没食子酸有平喘作用。给豚鼠和猫腹腔注射铁苋菜中提取出的没食子酸120mg/kg，约30min有明显拮抗支气管收缩作用，这种效应可维持120min。相关论述

1. Antibacterial effect: The decoction of Amaranthus tricolor showed inhibitory effects when diluted at a ratio of 1:128 against Shigella dysenteriae, and at a ratio of 1:32 against Shigella sonnei, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Gallic acid in Amaranthus tricolor exhibited inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans in vitro, making it the main antibacterial component in Amaranthus tricolor. 2. Anti-asthmatic effect: Gallic acid found in Amaranthus tricolor has anti-asthmatic properties. Intraperitoneal injection of 120mg/kg of gallic acid extracted from Amaranthus tricolor in guinea pigs and cats showed a significant bronchodilatory effect after approximately 30 minutes, which lasted for up to 120 minutes. Relevant discussions.

1、《草木便方》：“止泻痢，治虚热，牙痛腮肿，二便热结。”2、《天宝本草》：“利水通淋，走小肠，红痢煎酒下，白痢用茶下。”3、《本草推陈》：“止痢，止血，用于急性菌痢，阿米巴痢疾，吐血，下血，刀疮，跌打伤。”4、广州部队《常用中草药手册》：“清热利湿，收敛止血。主治肠炎，痢疾，吐血，衄血，便血，咳嗽气喘，皮炎，湿疹。”5、《四川常用中草药》：“清热，利大小便。治腹泻，痢疾腹痛，食积饱胀。”6、《广西本草选编》：“主治功能性子宫出血，小儿疳积，萎黄病，血淋。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Herbal Prescriptions for Grass and Trees": "To stop diarrhea and dysentery, treat deficiency heat, toothache, and cheek swelling, and relieve heat accumulation in the intestines and urinary tract."2. "Tianbao Materia Medica": "Promotes urination, clears the bladder, treats red dysentery with decoction in wine, and treats white dysentery with tea."3. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Stops dysentery and bleeding, used for acute bacterial dysentery, amoebic dysentery, vomiting blood, bloody stools, wounds, and bruises."4. "Handbook of Common Chinese Herbal Medicines Used by Guangzhou Troops": "Clears heat, promotes dampness, astringes and stops bleeding. Mainly used for enteritis, dysentery, vomiting blood, nosebleeds, bloody stools, coughing, asthma, dermatitis, and eczema."5. "Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicines in Sichuan": "Clears heat, promotes bowel movements. Treats diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain, food stagnation, and bloating."6. "Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica": "Mainly used for functional uterine bleeding, infantile malnutrition, jaundice, and hematuria." Clinical applications and related compatibility.

1、治痢疾，肠炎：鲜（铁苋菜）全草30-60g，水煎服；或焙干研粉，每次3g，每日3次，开水送服；或鲜（铁苋菜）全草、鲜地锦草各30g，水煎服。（《浙江药用植物志》）2、治阿米巴痢疾：铁苋菜根、凤尾草根（均鲜）各30g，腹痛加南瓜藤卷须（鲜）15g。水煎浓汁，早晚空腹服。3、治吐血：铁苋菜60g，淡竹叶15g。水煎服。（2-3方出自《江西草药》）4、治吐血，便血，尿血：（铁苋菜）全草30g，煎服；或配地榆、甘草，疗效更确切。（南药《中草药学》）5、治疳积：铁苋菜鲜全草30-60g，同猪肝煎煮服食。或用铁苋菜鲜品15g，姜、葱各30g，搞烂，加入鸭蛋清拌匀，外敷脚心1夜，隔3d 1次，连敷5-7次。重病例内服、外敷并同。（《浙南本草新编》）6、治小儿积滞泄泻：铁苋15g。水煎服。（江西《草药手册》）7、治毒蛇咬伤：铁苋菜、半边莲、大青叶各30g。水煎服。（《江西草药》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For treating dysentery and enteritis: Fresh whole plant of ironweed (30-60g), decoct in water and take orally; or dry and grind into powder, take 3g each time, 3 times a day, with boiling water; or fresh whole plant of ironweed and fresh whole plant of Houttuynia cordata, each 30g, decoct in water and take orally. (From "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants Compendium")2. For treating amoebic dysentery: Fresh roots of ironweed and fresh roots of Sagittaria sagittifolia, each 30g, for abdominal pain add fresh tendrils of pumpkin vine (15g). Decoct into a concentrated solution, take on an empty stomach in the morning and evening.3. For treating hematemesis: Ironweed 60g, fresh leaves of Phyllostachys dulcis 15g. Decoct in water and take orally. (The 2nd and 3rd prescriptions are from "Jiangxi Herbal Medicine")4. For treating hematemesis, hematochezia, and hematuria: Whole plant of ironweed 30g, decoct and take orally; or combine with divaricate saposhnikovia and licorice for more precise therapeutic effects. (From "Chinese Herbal Medicine")5. For treating food stagnation: Fresh whole plant of ironweed 30-60g, cook with pig liver and consume. Or use 15g of fresh ironweed, 30g each of ginger and green onion, mash together, add duck egg white, mix well, apply on the soles of the feet overnight, repeat every 3 days, apply 5-7 times. For severe cases, take orally and apply externally simultaneously. (From "Zhenan Herbal Medicine New Compilation")6. For treating pediatric accumulation causing diarrhea: Ironweed 15g. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Jiangxi Herbal Medicine Handbook")7. For treating snake bites: Ironweed, Houttuynia cordata, and Isatis indigotica, each 30g. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Jiangxi Herbal Medicine") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process ironweed.

5-7月间采收，除去泥土，晒干或鲜用。炮制方法
Harvest between May and July, remove the soil, and dry in the sun or use fresh. Processing method.

取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切段，干燥。保存方法
Collect the original medicinal herbs, remove impurities, wash thoroughly, slightly moisten, cut into sections, and dry. Storage method.

贮干燥容器内，置通风干燥处。药材鉴别 药材性状
Store in a dry container and place in a well-ventilated and dry area. Identification of medicinal materials and their properties.

全草长20-40cm，茎细，单一或分枝，棕绿色，有纵条纹，具灰白色细柔毛。单叶互生，具柄；叶片膜质，卵形或卵状菱形或近椭圆形，长2.5-5.5cm，宽1.2-3cm，先端稍尖，基部广楔形，边缘有钝齿，表面棕绿色，两面略粗糙，均有白色细柔毛。花序自叶腋抽出，单性，无花瓣；苞片呈三角状肾形。蒴果小，三角状半圆形，直径3-4cm，表面淡褐色，被粗毛。气微，味苦、涩。植物学信息 植物种属
The whole plant is 20-40cm tall, with slender stems, single or branched, brownish-green, longitudinally striped, and covered with grayish-white fine hairs. The leaves are alternate, with petioles; the leaf blades are membranous, ovate or ovate-rhomboid, or nearly elliptic, 2.5-5.5cm long, 1.2-3cm wide, slightly pointed at the apex, broadly wedge-shaped at the base, with blunt teeth on the margin. The surface is brownish-green, slightly rough on both sides, and covered with white fine hairs. The flowers emerge from the leaf axils, unisexual, and without petals; the bracts are triangular-kidney-shaped. The capsule is small, triangular-semicircular, 3-4cm in diameter, pale brown on the surface, and covered with coarse hairs. It has a slight odor, bitter and astringent taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

大戟科铁苋菜属铁苋菜及短穗铁苋菜。形态特征
The Amaranthus genus in the Euphorbiaceae family includes Amaranthus tricolor and Amaranthus dubius. Morphological characteristics.

1、铁苋菜：一年生草本，高30-50cm。茎直立，分枝，被微柔毛。叶互生，叶柄长2-5cm；叶片卵状菱形或卵状椭圆形，长2-7.5cm，宽1.5-3.5cm，先端渐尖，基部楔形或圆形，基出脉3条，边缘有钝齿，两面均粗糙无毛。穗状花序腋生；花单性，雌雄同株；通常雄花极短，长2-10mm，生于极小苞片内；雌花序生于叶状苞片内；苞片展开时肾形，长1-2cm，合时如蚌，边缘有钝锯齿，基部心形；花萼四裂；无花瓣；雄蕊7-8枚；雌花3-5朵；子房被疏柔毛，3-4室；花柱羽状分裂至基部。蒴果小，三角状半圆形，被粗毛；种子卵形，长约2mm，灰褐色。花期5-7月，果期7-10月。2、短穗铁苋菜：该种与铁苋莱的主要区别是，茎软弱，有短绒毛或近光滑，有纵条纹。叶片薄，菱形或卵状心形，叶柄长。穗状花序极短，腋生，苞片3裂，裂片披针形。花、果期8-9月。分布区域

1. Amaranthus viridis: An annual herb, 30-50cm tall. Stem erect, branching, with fine pubescence. Leaves alternate, with petioles 2-5cm long; leaf blades ovate-rhombic or ovate-elliptic, 2-7.5cm long, 1.5-3.5cm wide, gradually pointed at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, with 3 prominent veins from the base, margins with blunt teeth, rough and hairless on both sides. Spicate inflorescences in the axils; flowers unisexual, on the same plant; usually male flowers very short, 2-10mm long, borne within very small bracts; female flowers borne within leaf-like bracts; bracts kidney-shaped when expanded, 1-2cm long, closing like a clamshell, margins with blunt serrations, cordate at the base; calyx four-lobed; no petals; 7-8 stamens in male flowers; 3-5 pistils in female flowers; ovary sparsely pubescent, 3-4 locules; styles feather-split to the base. Capsules small, triangular-semicircular, covered with coarse hairs; seeds ovate, about 2mm long, gray-brown. Flowering period from May to July, fruiting period from July to October.2. Amaranthus spinosus: The main difference between this species and Amaranthus viridis is that the stem is weak, with short pubescence or nearly smooth, and longitudinal stripes. The leaves are thin, rhombic or ovate-cordate, with long petioles. Spicate inflorescences very short, axillary, bracts 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate. Flowering and fruiting period in August-September. Distribution area.

1、铁苋菜：分布于长江、黄河中下游各地及东北、华北、华南、西南各地及台湾。2、短穗铁苋菜：分布于河北、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、云南等地。道地产区

1. Amaranthus tricolor: Distributed in various regions along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, as well as in Northeast China, North China, South China, Southwest China, and Taiwan.2. Amaranthus viridis: Distributed in regions such as Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc. Authentic production areas.

产于全国各地。自产自销。生长环境
Produced all over the country. Self-produced and self-sold. Growing environment.

1、铁苋菜：生于旷野、丘陵、路边较湿润的地方。2、短穗铁苋菜：多生于低山坡及荒地中。生长见习

1. Pigweed: Grows in open fields, hills, and damp places along roadsides.2. Short-spike pigweed: Mostly found on low mountain slopes and wastelands. It grows easily.

适应性强，高山和平坝的一般土壤都可以栽培。繁殖方式
Strong adaptability, can be cultivated in general soils of high mountains and plateaus. Reproduction methods.

用种子繁殖。栽培技术
Propagation by seeds. Cultivation techniques.

种子繁殖：四川地区在3-4月播种。筑1.3m宽的畦，按行、株距各约26cm开浅穴，施人畜粪水。1h㎡用种子7.5kg左右，与草木灰及人畜粪水拌成种子灰，匀撒穴里。
Seed propagation: In the Sichuan region, seeds are sown in March and April. Build a 1.3m wide ridge, with shallow holes spaced about 26cm apart in rows, and apply organic fertilizer. Use about 7.5kg of seeds per hectare, mix them with wood ash and organic fertilizer to create seed ash, and evenly spread them in the holes.