丝茅七，中药名。为菊科植物白茎鸦葱ScorzoneraalbicaulisBunge的根。分布于东北、华北、华东、西南、中南及陕西、宁夏等地。具有清热解毒，凉血散瘀之功效。用于风热感冒，痈肿疔毒，带状疱疹，月经不调，乳少不畅，跌打损伤。
Si-mao-qi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The root of Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge, a plant of the Asteraceae family. It is distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China, Southwest China, Central South China, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and other places. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, cooling blood, and dispersing stasis. It is used for wind-heat colds, carbuncles and sores, herpes zoster, irregular menstruation, insufficient lactation, and bruises.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，凉血散瘀。
Clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and dispersing stasis.

主治 Indications

用于风热感冒，痈肿疔毒，带状疱疹，月经不调，乳少不畅，跌打损伤。
Used for wind-heat type of common cold, carbuncles and sores, herpes zoster, irregular menstruation, insufficient lactation, and bruises.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷；或取茎中白汁涂。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-15g. External use: appropriate amount, fresh product mashed for application; or extract the white juice from the stem for topical use.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《内蒙古中草药》：“清热解毒，消炎，通乳。治疔毒恶疮，乳痈，外感风热。”
"Inner Mongolian Herbal Medicine": "Clears heat, detoxifies, reduces inflammation, and promotes lactation. Used to treat carbuncles, toxic sores, breast abscesses, and external wind-heat conditions."

临床应用 Clinical Application

用于治疗慢性支气管炎咳嗽，跌打损伤，皮肤痈疡和急性胃肠炎腹痛等。
Used for treating chronic bronchitis cough, traumatic injuries, skin abscesses, acute gastroenteritis abdominal pain, etc.

相关配伍 Relevant Compatibility

1、治带状疱疹：鲜品折断，取乳汁外搽。（《青岛中草药手册》）

1. Treatment for herpes zoster: Break fresh herbs and apply the milk on the affected area. (From "Qingdao Herbal Manual")

2、治跌打损伤，月经倒行：倒扎草根9-15g。蒸酒服。（《贵州民间药物》）
2. Treatment for bruises and menstrual disorders: Crush 9-15g of grass roots, steam with alcohol, and take orally. (From "Guizhou Folk Medicine")

3、治扁平疣：取鸦葱白乳浆，外涂疣上，不要洗掉，每日涂换1次，数日后自行脱落。（《东北药用植物》）
3. Treatment for flat warts: Use the milk from crow onions, apply it on the warts without washing off, change the application once a day, and the warts will fall off on their own after several days. (From "Medicinal Plants of Northeast China")

4、治肺结核：细叶鸦葱适量，煮大枣。每日食枣3粒，久服有效。
4. Treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis: Take an appropriate amount of crow onion leaves, boil with jujubes, and eat 3 jujubes daily for effective long-term treatment.

5、治乳汁不足：细叶鸦葱30g，王不留行24g，黄花菜根30g。水煎服。每日服1次，连服3天。（4-5方出自《内蒙古中草药》）
5. Treatment for insufficient breast milk: Take 30g of crow onion leaves, 24g of Wangbuliuxing, and 30g of daylily roots, decoct in water, and take orally once a day for 3 consecutive days. (The recipes 4-5 are from "Inner Mongolia Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采挖，洗净，鲜用或晒干，或蒸后晒干。
Harvest and process: Harvest in summer or autumn, wash and clean, use fresh or sun-dry, or steam and then sun-dry.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：根长圆形，肉质，长5-10cm，直径1-1.5cm，鲜时横切面白色，并有乳汁流出。干后表面褐色或棕黑色，纵横皱缩不平，有时呈剥裂状，顶端常有茎叶残基。气微，味微甘。
Properties of the medicinal material: The root is cylindrical, fleshy, 5-10cm long, and 1-1.5cm in diameter. When fresh, the cross-section is white, with latex flowing out. When dried, the surface is brown or dark brown, longitudinally and transversely wrinkled and uneven, sometimes cracked, with stem and leaf remnants often present at the top. It has a slight aroma and a slightly sweet taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科植物白茎鸦葱。
Plant species: Chrysanthemum coronarium, a plant of the Asteraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

白茎鸦葱又名：毛管草、华北鸦葱、箭头草、细叶鸦葱。多年生草本，高达120厘米。根圆柱状或倒圆锥状，直径达1.8厘米。茎单生或少数茎成簇生，上部伞房状或聚伞花序状分枝，全部茎枝被白色绒毛，但在花序脱毛，茎基被棕色的残鞘。基生叶与茎生叶同形，线形、宽线形或线状长椭圆形，宽0.3-2厘米，边缘全缘，极少有浅波状微齿，两面光滑无毛，3-5出脉，两面明显，基生叶基部鞘状扩大，抱茎。头状花序在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序，花序分枝长或排成聚伞花序而花序分枝短或长短不一。总苞圆柱状，花期直径1厘米，果期直径增大；总苞片约5层，外层三角状卵形或卵状披针形，长5-8毫米，宽约4毫米，中内层椭圆状披针形、长椭圆形至宽线形。全部总苞片被薄柔毛，但果期稀毛或无毛，顶端急尖或钝。舌状小花黄色。瘦果圆柱状，长2.1厘米，有多数高起的纵肋，无毛，无脊瘤，向顶端渐细成喙状。冠毛污黄色，其中3-5根超长，超长冠毛长达2.4厘米，非超长冠毛刚毛长达1.8厘米，全部冠毛大部羽毛状，羽枝蛛丝毛状，上部为细锯齿状，基部连合成环，整体脱落。花果期5-9月。
Baijingyacong, also known as Maoguancao, Huabei Yacong, Jiantoucao, and Xiye Yacong. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that can grow up to 120 centimeters tall. The roots are cylindrical or inverted conical, with a diameter of up to 1.8 centimeters. The stem is solitary or clustered, with umbrella-shaped or umbel-like branching at the top, all stem branches covered with white hairs, but hairless in the inflorescence, and the base of the stem covered with brown sheaths. The basal leaves are similar to the stem leaves, linear, lanceolate, or linear-elliptic, 0.3-2 centimeters wide, with entire margins, rarely shallowly serrated, smooth and hairless on both sides, with 3-5 prominent veins, and the base of the basal leaves sheathing and embracing the stem. The head-like inflorescence is arranged in an umbel-like pattern at the top of the stem branches, with long or short and unevenly branched inflorescences. The involucre is cylindrical, about 1 centimeter in diameter during flowering, increasing in diameter during fruiting; the involucral bracts are about 5 layers, with the outer layers triangular-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 millimeters long, about 4 millimeters wide, and the middle and inner layers elliptic-lanceolate, lanceolate to linear. All involucral bracts are thinly hairy, but sparsely hairy or hairless during fruiting, with acute or obtuse tips. The ligulate florets are yellow. The achene is cylindrical, 2.1 centimeters long, with numerous prominent longitudinal ribs, hairless, without tubercles, gradually tapering to a beak-like tip at the apex. The pappus is dirty yellow, with 3-5 extremely long bristles, with the longest bristle reaching up to 2.4 centimeters, and the non-long bristles being stiff and up to 1.8 centimeters long, mostly feather-like, with feather branches resembling spider silk, finely serrated at the top, united at the base to form a ring, and shedding as a whole. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北、华北、华东、西南、中南及陕西、宁夏等地。
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China, Southwest China, Central South China, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡草地、路旁或灌丛、林下。
Born on mountain slopes, roadsides, or in thickets and under forests.