铁马鞭，中药名。为豆科植物铁马鞭Lespedezapilosa（Thunb.）Sieb.etZucc.的带根全草。植物铁马鞭，分布于我国陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、四川、贵州、西藏等省区，朝鲜，日本也有分布。具有益气安神，活血止痛，利尿消肿，解毒散结之功效。主治气虚发热，失眠，痧症腹痛，风湿痹痛，水肿，瘰疬，痈疽肿毒。
Tie-ma-bian, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole plant with roots of Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Sieb. et Zucc., a leguminous plant. The plant Tie-ma-bian is distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet and other provinces and regions of China, as well as in North Korea and Japan. It has the effects of invigorating qi and calming the mind, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, diuresis and reducing swelling, and detoxification and dispersing masses. It is mainly used for fever due to qi deficiency, insomnia, abdominal pain due to sha syndrome, rheumatic arthralgia, edema, scrofula, carbuncle, and toxic swelling.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

益气安神，活血止痛，利尿消肿，解毒散结。
Tonifying qi and calming the mind, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, detoxifying and dispersing stagnation.

主治 Indications

气虚发热，失眠，痧症腹痛，风湿痹痛，水肿，瘰疬，痈疽肿毒。
Qi deficiency causing fever, insomnia, abdominal pain due to Sha syndrome, rheumatic pain, edema, scrofula, and carbuncle.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15～30g；或炖肉。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: decoction, 15–30g; or stew with meat. External use: appropriate amount, mashed for application.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

1、对鼠疟原虫有抑制作用。

1. It has an inhibitory effect on Plasmodium berghei, the causative agent of rodent malaria.

2、抗菌作用。
2. It has antibacterial properties.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《植物名实图考》：“散血。”

1. "Disperses blood stasis." (From Illustrated Examination of Botanical Names and Realities)

2、《天目山药用植物志》：“治体虚长热不退。”
2. "Used to treat prolonged fever due to constitutional deficiency." (From Medicinal Plants of Tianmu Mountain)

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治气虚头痛，铁马鞭根30～60g，炖鸡肉吃。（《湖南药物志》）

1. To treat headache due to qi deficiency, take 30–60g of Iron Horse Whip Root, stewed with chicken meat. (From Hunan Materia Medica)

2、治失眠，铁马鞭全草15～60g，水煎服。（《浙江药用植物志》）
2. To treat insomnia, take 15–60g of the whole Iron Horse Whip plant, decocted in water. (From Zhejiang Medicinal Plants)

3、治四肢酸痛，痧症腹痛，铁马鞭根或全株30g，水煎服。（《湖南药物志》）
3. To alleviate limb soreness and abdominal pain from Sha syndrome, take 30g of Iron Horse Whip Root or the whole plant, decocted in water. (From Hunan Materia Medica)

4、治筋骨痛，腰痛，野花生根120g，石老鼠根15g，焙干研末，每次6g，早晚各服1次，黄酒或白酒送服。（《江西草药》）
4. To relieve muscle and bone pain or lower back pain, take 120g of Wild Peanut Root and 15g of Stone Rat Root, roast and grind into powder. Take 6g each time, once in the morning and evening, with yellow wine or white wine. (From Jiangxi Herbal Medicine)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采摘，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in summer and autumn, use fresh or sun-dried.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：茎枝细长，分枝少，被棕黄色长粗毛。三出复叶，总叶柄长0.5～2㎝。完整小叶片广椭圆形至圆卵形，长8～20㎜，宽5～15㎜，叶端圆或截形，微凹，具短尖，叶基近圆形，全缘。总状花序腋生，总花轴及小花轴极短，蝶形花冠黄白色，旗瓣有紫斑。荚果长圆状卵形，先端有长喙，径约3㎜，表面密被白色长粗毛。气微，味微苦。
Medicinal material characteristics: The stems are slender, with few branches, and covered with brownish-yellow long coarse hairs. The leaves are trifoliate, with a total petiole length of 0.5–2 cm. The individual leaflets are broadly elliptic to ovate, 8–20 mm long, 5–15 mm wide, with rounded or truncate tips, slightly concave, short-pointed, and nearly round bases, with entire margins. The racemes are axillary, with extremely short main and lateral flower stalks, and the papilionaceous corolla is yellowish-white with purple spots on the standard petal. The pod is oblong-ovate, with a long beak at the apex, about 3 mm in diameter, and densely covered with white long coarse hairs on the surface. It has a mild aroma and a slightly bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：豆科植物铁马鞭。
The plant species is Desmodium rensonii, a member of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本。全株密被长柔毛，茎平卧，细长，长60～80（100）厘米，少分枝，匍匐地面。托叶钻形，长约3毫米，先端渐尖；叶柄长6～15毫米；羽状复叶具3小叶；小叶宽倒卵形或倒卵圆形，长1.5～2厘米，宽1～1.5厘米，先端圆形、近截形或微凹，有小刺尖，基部圆形或近截形，两面密被长毛，顶生小叶较大。总状花序腋生，比叶短；苞片钻形，长5～8毫米，上部边缘具缘毛；总花梗极短，密被长毛；小苞片2，披针状钻形，长1.5毫米，背部中脉具长毛，边缘具缘毛；花萼密被长毛，5深裂，上方2裂片基部合生，上部分离，裂片狭披针形，长约3毫米，先端长渐尖，边缘具长缘毛；花冠黄白色或白色，旗瓣椭圆形，长7～8毫米，宽2.5～3毫米，先端微凹，具瓣柄，翼瓣比旗瓣与龙骨瓣短；闭锁花常1～3集生于茎上部叶腋，无梗或近无梗，结实。荚果广卵形，长3～4毫米，凸镜状，两面密被长毛，先端具尖喙。花期7～9月，果期9～10月。
Perennial herb. The whole plant is densely covered with long soft hairs, with stems lying flat, slender, 60–80 (up to 100) cm long, few-branched, creeping on the ground. Stipules are awl-shaped, about 3 mm long, gradually pointed; petioles 6–15 mm long; pinnate compound leaves with 3 leaflets; leaflets broadly obovate or obovate-circular, 1.5–2 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide, rounded, nearly truncate or slightly concave at the apex, with small prickly tips, base rounded or nearly truncate, densely hairy on both sides, terminal leaflet larger. Racemes axillary, shorter than leaves; bracts awl-shaped, 5–8 mm long, ciliate on upper margin; peduncle very short, densely hairy; two bracteoles, lanceolate-awl-shaped, 1.5 mm long, midvein with long hairs, margins ciliate; calyx densely hairy, 5 deeply lobed, upper two lobes connate at base, narrow-lanceolate, ~3 mm long, long-acuminate, ciliate; corolla yellow-white or white, standard petal elliptical, 7–8 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, slightly emarginate, clawed, wings shorter than standard and keel petals; cleistogamous flowers usually 1–3 clustered in upper leaf axils, sessile or nearly so, fruiting. Pods broadly oval, 3–4 mm long, lens-shaped, densely hairy on both sides, with a sharp beak at the apex. Flowering from July to September, fruiting from September to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于我国陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、四川、贵州、西藏等省区，朝鲜，日本也有分布。
Distributed in provinces such as Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet, as well as in North Korea and Japan.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1000米以下的荒山坡及草地。
Found on barren mountain slopes and grasslands below 1000 meters above sea level.