山麻杆，中药名。为大戟科山麻杆属植物山麻杆AlchorneadavidiFranch.的茎皮及叶。植物山麻杆，分布于我国河南、陕西、江苏、安徽、浙江、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、贵州、云南。具有驱虫，解毒，定痛之功效。主治蛔虫病，狂犬、毒蛇咬伤，腰痛。
Shan-ma-gan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the stem bark and leaves of Alchornea davidii Franch., a plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. The plant is distributed in Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan provinces of China. It is known for its effects in expelling parasites, detoxification, and pain relief. It is used to treat diseases such as helminthiasis, rabies, snake bites, and lumbago.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

驱虫，解毒，定痛。
Expelling parasites, detoxifying, and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

蛔虫病，狂犬、毒蛇咬伤，腰痛。
Ascariasis, rabies, snake bites, and lower back pain.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-6g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 3-6g. External use: Appropriate amount, fresh product pounded for application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《陕西中草药》：“解毒，杀虫，止痛。主治疯狗咬伤，蛇咬伤，蛔虫病，腰痛。”
"Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine": "Detoxification, insecticidal, pain relief. Mainly used for treating rabies bites, snake bites, roundworm disease, and lower back pain."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治蛔虫病，山麻杆3g，研粉，加入面粉中做馒头吃。（《陕西中草药》）

1. To treat roundworm disease, take 3g of mountain mahogany stems, grind them into powder, and mix with flour to make steamed buns for consumption. (From "Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine")

2、治疯狗咬伤，山麻杆叶6g。水煎服。服后有呕吐反应。（《陕西中草药》）
2. To treat rabies dog bites, take 6g of mountain mahogany leaves, decoct in water, and drink the decoction. It may cause vomiting after consumption. (From "Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine")

3、治蛇咬伤，鲜山麻杆适量，捣烂敷患处。（《陕西中草药》）
3. To treat snake bites, apply an appropriate amount of fresh mountain mahogany stems, mashed, to the affected area. (From "Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine")

4、治劳伤腰部酸痛，（山麻杆）根皮、草桑根白皮各21-24g，百节皮、牛人参各15-18g。水煎，冲黄酒、红糖，早晚饭前各服1次。忌食酸、辣。（《天目山药用植物志》）
4. To treat lower back pain due to overwork, take 21-24g of mountain mahogany root bark, 21-24g of white mulberry root bark, 15-18g of white thistle bark, and 15-18g of Astragalus membranaceus. Decoct in water, add yellow wine and brown sugar, and take once before breakfast and dinner. Avoid sour and spicy foods. (From "Tianmu Mountain Medicinal Plants")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、夏季采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in spring or summer, wash and clean, use fresh or dry in the shade.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：本品叶互生，叶柄长3-9厘米，被柔毛，与叶片结合处有刺毛状腺体；托叶狭披针形或线性，早落；叶片阔卵形至扁圆形，长7-13厘米，宽9-17厘米，先端渐尖或钝，基部圆或略呈心脏形，边缘有齿牙，基出3脉，脉间有腺点1对，上面绿色，有疏短毛，下面带紫色，被密毛，网脉明显。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The leaves are alternate, petioles 3–9 cm long, covered with soft hairs, with bristle-like glands at the junction with the leaf blade; stipules narrowly lanceolate or linear, early deciduous; leaf blades broadly ovate to orbicular, 7–13 cm long and 9–17 cm wide, apex gradually acuminate or blunt, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin serrated, with three basal veins, a pair of glandular dots between the veins; upper surface green with sparse short hairs, lower surface purplish, densely hairy, reticulate venation prominent.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：大戟科山麻杆属植物山麻杆。
Botanical species: Alchornea davidii Franch., a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

山麻杆，别名桂圆树（《中国高等植物图鉴》），大叶泡（《秦岭植物志》）。落叶小灌木，高1-2m。幼枝密被茸毛，老枝栗褐色，光滑。单叶互生；叶柄长3-9cm，被柔毛，与叶片接合处有刺毛状腺体；托叶狭披针形或线形，早落；叶片阔卵形至扁圆形，长7-13cm，宽9-17cm，先端渐尖或钝，基部圆或略呈心脏形，边缘有齿牙，基出3脉，脉间有腺点1对，上面绿色，有疏短毛，下面带紫色，被密毛，网脉明显。花小，单性，雌雄同株，无花瓣；雄花密集成长1-3cm侧生的穗状花序；萼3-4裂，裂片卵圆形，镊合状，背凸；雄蕊6-8，花丝分离；雌花疏生成长达4-5cm的总状花序；萼4裂，外面密被短柔毛；子房3室，每室1胚珠，密被短柔毛，花柱3深裂，线形，长7-8mm。蒴果扁球形，直径8-10mm，微裂成3个圆形的分果爿，密被短柔毛。种子微三棱状卵形，浅褐色，有乳头状突起。花期4-5月，果期6-8月。
Shanmagang, also known as the longan tree ("Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Higher Plants") and Daye Pao ("Flora of the Qinling Mountains"), is a deciduous small shrub 1–2 m tall. Young branches are densely covered with soft hairs; old branches are chestnut-brown and smooth. Leaves are simple and alternate; petioles 3–9 cm long, covered with soft hairs, with bristle-like glandular hairs at the junction with the leaf blade; stipules narrowly lanceolate or linear, early deciduous; leaf blades broadly ovate to orbicular, 7–13 cm long and 9–17 cm wide, apex gradually acuminate or blunt, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin serrated, with three basal veins, a pair of glandular dots between the veins; upper surface green with sparse short hairs, lower surface purplish, densely hairy, with prominent reticulate veins. Flowers are small, unisexual, monoecious, without petals; male flowers densely arranged in lateral spike-like racemes 1–3 cm long; calyx 3–4 lobed, lobes ovate, imbricate, convex on the back; stamens 6–8, filaments free; female flowers sparsely arranged in racemes up to 4–5 cm long; calyx 4-lobed, densely covered with short soft hairs externally; ovary 3-celled, each cell with one ovule, densely covered with short soft hairs, styles 3 deeply divided, linear, 7–8 mm long. Capsule is flattened-globose, 8–10 mm in diameter, splitting into 3 round cocci, densely covered with short soft hairs. Seeds slightly trigonous-ovoid, light brown, with papillate protuberances. Flowering period: April–May; fruiting period: June–August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于河南、陕西、江苏、安徽、浙江、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、贵州、云南。
Distributed in Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔100-800米的低山区河谷两岸或庭园栽培。
Found along riverbanks in low mountain areas at altitudes of 100–800 meters, or cultivated in gardens.