细叶鼠麴草，中药名。为菊科植物细叶鼠曲草GnaphaliumjaponicumThunb.的全草。分布于华东、中南、西南及台湾等地。具有疏风清热，利湿，解毒之功效。用于结膜炎，角膜白斑，感冒，肾炎，白带病等。
Xi-ye-shu-qu-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb.) is the whole plant of the chrysanthemum family plant Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb. It is distributed in East China, Central South China, Southwest China, and Taiwan. It has the functions of dispersing wind, clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and detoxification. It is used for conjunctivitis, corneal leukoplakia, colds, nephritis, and leukorrhea.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

疏风清热，利湿，解毒。
Dispersing wind, clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

用于结膜炎，角膜白斑，感冒，肾炎，白带病等。
Used for conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, common cold, nephritis, leukorrhea, etc.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，鲜者30-90g，或捣汁。外用：捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 30-90g of fresh herbs, or juice. External use: Poultice.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《分类草药性》：“治咽喉火痛，白浊，崩带。”
"Herbal Classification": "Used for treating sore throat, phlegm, and abnormal vaginal discharge."

临床应用 Clinical Application

用于治疗感冒，咳嗽，结膜炎，疮疡，带下病，虫蛇咬伤和跌打损伤等。
Used for treating colds, coughs, conjunctivitis, sores, leukorrhea, insect and snake bites, bruises, etc.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

1、治风热咳嗽：细叶鼠曲草30g，青蒿15g，薄荷9g，水煎服。

1. Treatment for wind-heat cough: 30g of fine-leaved Gnaphalium, 15g of Artemisia annua, and 9g of peppermint, decocted in water for oral administration.

2、治风火赤眼：青天地白鲜草、叶下珠各30g，水煎服。
2. Treatment for wind-fire red eyes: 30g each of Euphorbia helioscopia and Phyllanthus urinaria, decocted in water for oral administration.

3、治咽喉肿痛：细叶鼠曲草15g，益母草、洋金花各9g，水煎服。
3. Treatment for sore and swollen throat: 15g of fine-leaved Gnaphalium, 9g each of Leonurus artemisia and Datura metel, decocted in water for oral administration.

4、治疔疮红肿：细叶鼠曲草鲜草1握，加红糖捣烂敷患处。（1-4方出自《新编中草药图谱及常用配方3》）
4. Treatment for carbuncle with redness and swelling: Crush one handful of fresh fine-leaved Gnaphalium, mix with brown sugar, and apply to the affected area. (Formulas 1–4 are from "New Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine Atlas and Common Formulas 3")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏秋季采挖，洗净，晒干。
Harvest in summer and autumn, wash, and sun-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科植物细叶鼠曲草。
The plant species is Gnaphalium japonicum, a member of the Asteraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

细叶鼠曲草又名日本鼠尾草。一年生细弱草本。茎稍直立，不分枝或自基部发出数条匍匐的小枝，高8-27厘米，基部径约1毫米，有细沟纹，密被白色棉毛，基部节间不明显，花葶节间长1-3厘米，紧接于花序下的最长，有时可达9厘米。基生叶在花期宿存，呈莲座状，线状剑形或线状倒披针形，长3-9厘米，宽3-7毫米，基部渐狭，下延，顶端具短尖头，边缘多少反卷，上面绿色，疏被棉毛，下面白色，厚被白色棉毛，叶脉1条，在上面常凹入或几不显著，在下面明显突起，茎叶（花葶的叶）少数，线状剑形或线状长圆形，长2-3厘米，宽2-3毫米，其余与基生叶相似；紧接复头状花序下面有3-6片呈放射状或星芒状排列的线形或披针形小叶。头状花序少数，径2-3毫米，无梗，在枝端密集成球状，作复头状花序式排列，花黄色；总苞近钟形，径约3毫米；总苞片3层，外层宽椭圆形，干膜质，带红褐色，长约3毫米，顶端钝，背面被疏毛，中层倒卵状长圆形，上部带红褐色，长约4毫米，基部渐狭，顶端钝或骤然紧缩而具短尖头，内层线形，长约5毫米，顶端钝而带红褐色，3/5处以下为浅绿色。雌花多数，花冠丝状，长约4毫米，顶端3齿裂。两性花少数，花冠管状，长约4毫米，顶部稍扩大，檐部5浅裂，裂片顶端骤然紧缩而具短尖头。瘦果纺锤状圆柱形，长约1毫米，密被棒状腺体。冠毛粗糙，白色，长约4毫米。花期1-5月。
Gnaphalium japonicum, also known as Japanese cudweed, is an annual slender herb. The stem is slightly erect, unbranched or producing several prostrate branches from the base, 8–27 cm tall, about 1 mm in diameter at the base, finely grooved, and densely covered with white tomentose hairs. The basal internodes are not distinct; the scape internodes are 1–3 cm long, longest just below the inflorescence, sometimes up to 9 cm. Basal leaves persist during flowering, forming a rosette, linear-sword-shaped or linear-oblong, 3–9 cm long, 3–7 mm wide, gradually narrowing at the base and decurrent, apex with a short mucro, margins somewhat revolute. Upper surface green, sparsely pubescent; lower surface white, densely covered with white cottony hairs. One vein, often sunken or indistinct above, prominently raised beneath. Few stem leaves (on scapes), similar to basal leaves, 2–3 cm long, 2–3 mm wide. Just below the compound capitulum, 3–6 linear or lanceolate bracteoles arranged radially or stellately. A few head-like inflorescences, 2–3 mm in diameter, sessile, densely clustered into spherical clusters at branch tips, arranged in a compound capitulum. Flowers yellow. Involucre nearly campanulate, ~3 mm in diameter. Phyllaries in 3 layers: outer broadly elliptic, dry membranous, reddish-brown, ~3 mm long, blunt apex, sparsely hairy on back; middle layer obovate-oblong, upper part reddish-brown, ~4 mm long, base gradually narrowed, apex blunt or abruptly contracted into a short mucro; inner layer linear, ~5 mm long, blunt apex with reddish-brown tip, light green in lower 3/5. Numerous pistillate flowers, corolla filiform, ~4 mm long, apex 3-toothed. Few bisexual flowers, corolla tubular, ~4 mm long, slightly expanded at top, limb shallowly 5-lobed, lobe apex abruptly contracted into a short mucro. Achene spindle-shaped-cylindrical, ~1 mm long, densely covered with club-shaped glands. Pappus rough, white, ~4 mm long. Flowering period: January to May.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华东、中南、西南及台湾等地。
Distributed in East China, Central and South China, Southwest China, and Taiwan, among other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡草地、田埂或路旁等。
Found on mountain slopes, grasslands, field ridges, or roadsides.