三白草根，中药名。为三白草科植物三白草Saururuschinensis(Lour.)Baill.[SpathiumchinensisLour.]的根茎。分布于河北、河南、山东和长江流域及以南各地。具有利水除湿，清热解毒之功效。常用于脚气，水肿，淋浊，带下，痈肿，流火，疔疮疥癣。亦治风湿热痹。
San-bai-cao-gen, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the rhizome of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. [Spathium chinensis Lour.], a plant of the Saururaceae family. It is distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, the Yangtze River Basin, and southern regions. It has the functions of promoting diuresis, eliminating dampness, clearing heat, and detoxification. It is commonly used for athlete's foot, edema, cloudy urine, leukorrhea, carbuncle, erysipelas, scabies, as well as for treating rheumatic fever and arthralgia.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

利水除湿，清热解毒。
Promoting diuresis to reduce edema, clearing heat and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

用于脚气，水肿，淋浊，带下，痈肿，流火，疔疮疥癣。亦治风湿热痹。
Used for athlete's foot, edema, gonorrhea, leukorrhea, abscesses, inflammation, carbuncles, and ringworm. Also treats rheumatism and hot bi syndrome.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；鲜品30-90g；或捣汁。外用：适量，煎水洗，或研末调敷，或鲜品捣烂外敷。
Internal use: decoction, 9-15g; fresh herb 30-90g; or juice. External use: appropriate amount, decoct in water for washing, or grind into powder for application, or mash fresh herb for external application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《纲目》：“疗脚气，风毒胫肿，捣酒服，亦甚有验。又煎汤，洗癣疮。”

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Effective for treating athlete's foot and wind-heat swelling of the lower leg by pounding with wine and taking orally. Also effective when decocted for washing fungal sores."

2、《生草药性备要》：“治淋浊，利小便，清热毒。拔腐肉骨，与陈梅同敷。”
2. "Essential Properties of Medicinal Herbs": "Used to treat cloudy urine, promote urination, and clear heat toxins. It can remove rotten flesh and bones, and is applied together with Chen Mei."

3、《分类草药性》：“治妇人赤白带下。”
3. "Classification of Medicinal Herbs": "Used to treat abnormal vaginal discharge in women."

4、《民间常用草药汇编》：“利二便，宽胸膈，截疟，消肿。”
4. "Compilation of Commonly Used Folk Medicinal Herbs": "Promotes bowel movements, relieves chest congestion, stops malaria, and reduces swelling."

5、《重庆草药》：“补气，健脾，除湿。治白带，痨病，咳嗽，吐血，虚肿。亦用于跌打损伤，泡风湿药酒。”
5. "Chongqing Medicinal Herbs": "Tonifies qi, invigorates the spleen, eliminates dampness. Used to treat abnormal vaginal discharge, tuberculosis, cough, hemoptysis, deficiency swelling. Also used for injuries from falls, soaking in rheumatism medicinal wine."

6、《本草经集注》：“疗脚下气，亦甚有验。”
6. "Annotations on the Classic of Materia Medica": "Very effective for treating qi stagnation in the feet."

7、《本草蒙筌》：“用惟取根，利大小便，逐脚膝气，除痞满去疟，破坚癖驱痰，疔肿仍消，积聚尤却。”
7. "Materia Medica Meng Quan": "Only the roots are used, promotes bowel movements, dispels qi stagnation in the feet and knees, eliminates abdominal distension and malaria, breaks up stubborn phlegm, resolves carbuncles and reduces swelling, especially effective for resolving accumulations."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治脚气胫已满，捏之没指者：三白根，捣碎，酒饮之。（《肘后方》）

1. For treating athlete's foot with swollen shins and no pus, use Sanbai root, grind it into powder, and drink it with alcohol. (From "Elbow Prescription")

2、治热淋：①三白草根30g，同米泔水煎服。（《江西民间草药》）②三白草根30g、车前草30g。水煎服。（《湖南药物志》）
2. For treating hot urinary dysfunction: ① 30g of Sanbai grass root, decoct with rice washing water. (From "Folk Herbal Medicine of Jiangxi") ② 30g of Sanbai grass root, 30g of Plantain herb. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan")

3、治痈肿：三白草根晒干研末，蜂蜜或鸡蛋白调匀，敷患处，每日换1次。（《江西民间草药》）
3. For treating abscesses and swelling: Dry and grind Sanbai grass root into powder, mix with honey or egg white, apply to the affected area, change once daily. (From "Folk Herbal Medicine of Jiangxi")

4、治乳痈：鲜三白草根30g-60g，豆腐适量。水煎服，渣捣烂敷患处。（《福建中草药》）
4. For treating breast abscess: Use fresh Sanbai grass root 30g-60g, appropriate amount of tofu. Decoct in water, mash the residue and apply to the affected area. (From "Fujian Herbal Medicine")

5、治妇女下肢肿：三白草根90g，炖肉食。（《湖南药物志》）
5. For treating lower limb swelling in women: 90g of Sanbai grass root, stew with meat. (From "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan")

6、治尿路感染、水肿：鲜三白草根30g，或三白草全草60-90g。水煎服。
6. For treating urinary tract infections and edema: Use 30g of fresh Sanbai grass root, or 60-90g of the whole Sanbai grass. Decoct in water and take orally.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工秋季采挖，除去残茎及须根，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in autumn, remove remaining stems and fibrous roots, wash clean, and use fresh or dry in the sun.

炮制方法取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切段，干燥。
The original herb is cleaned, washed, slightly moistened, cut into sections, and dried.

保存方法贮于干燥容器内，密闭，置阴凉干燥处，防霉。
Store in a dry container, seal tightly, place in a cool and dry place, and prevent mold.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状茎圆柱形，稍弯曲有分枝，长短不等。表面灰褐色，粗糙，有纵皱纹及环状节，节上有须根，节间长约2cm。质硬而脆，易折断，断面类白色，粉性。气微，味淡。
The stem is cylindrical, slightly curved with branches of varying lengths. The surface is gray-brown, rough, with longitudinal wrinkles and annular nodes, and there are fibrous roots on the nodes. The internodes are about 2cm long. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, with a white, powdery cross-section. It has a mild odor and taste.

饮片性状为不规则的圆形短段，节处膨大，常残存须根，表面灰褐色。断面类白色，粉性。气微，味淡。
Irregularly shaped short segments with enlarged nodes, often with residual fibrous roots, and a gray-brown surface. The cross-section is white and powdery. It has a mild odor and taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属三白草科植物三白草。
The plant is Saururus chinensis, belonging to the Saururaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生湿生草本，高达1m。地下茎有须状小根。茎直立，粗状，无毛。单叶互生，纸质，密生腺点；叶柄长1-3cm，基部与托叶合生成鞘状，略抱茎；叶片阔卵形至卵状披针形，长5-14cm，宽3-7cm，先端短尖或渐尖，基部心形，略成耳状或稍偏斜，全缘，两面无毛；花序下的2-3片叶常于夏初变为白色，呈花瓣状。总状花序生于茎上端与叶对生，长10-20cm，白色；总花梗及花柄被毛；苞片近匙形或倒披针形，长约2mm；花两性，无花被；雄蕊6枚，花药长圆形，略短于花丝；雌蕊1，由4心皮组成，子房圆形，柱头4，向外反曲。蒴果近球形，直径约3mm，表面多疣状凸起，成熟后顶端开裂。种子多数，圆形。花期5-8月，果期6-9月。
Perennial herbaceous plant that grows in wet environments, reaching up to 1m in height. It has fibrous roots on its underground rhizomes. The stem is erect, stout, and hairless. The leaves are alternate, papery, and densely dotted with glands; leaf stalks are 1-3cm long, forming a sheath at the base where they meet the stipules, which slightly clasp the stem. The leaf blades are broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-14cm long and 3-7cm wide, with a short or gradually pointed tip, heart-shaped base, slightly auriculate or oblique, entire margins, and hairless on both sides; the 2-3 leaves below the inflorescence often turn white in early summer, resembling petals. The terminal raceme is borne at the upper end of the stem opposite the leaves, 10-20cm long, white; the peduncle and pedicel are hairy; the bracts are spoon-shaped or inverted-lanceolate, about 2mm long; the flowers are bisexual, without a perianth; there are 6 stamens with oblong anthers slightly shorter than the filaments, and a single pistil composed of 4 carpels, with a round ovary and 4 recurved stigmas. The capsule is nearly globose, about 3mm in diameter, with a warty surface that splits open at the top when mature. The plant flowers from May to August and fruits from June to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于河北、河南、山东和长江流域及以南各地。
Distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, and various areas south of the Yangtze River basin.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于沟边、池塘边等近水处。
Born near ditches, ponds, and other watery places.