三十六荡，中药名。为萝藦科植物卵叶娃儿藤Tylophoraovata（Lindl.）Hook.exSteud.的根或全株。具有祛风湿，化痰止咳，散瘀止痛，解蛇毒的功效。主治风湿痹痛，咳喘痰多，跌打肿痛，毒蛇咬伤。
San-shi-liu-dang, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the root or the whole plant of Tylophora ovata (Lindl.) Hook.ex Steud., a plant of the family Asclepiadaceae. It has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, and detoxifying snake venom. It is mainly used for rheumatic pain, cough with excessive phlegm, bruises and swelling, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风湿，化痰止咳，散瘀止痛，解蛇毒。
Dispelling wind and dampness, resolving phlegm and stopping cough, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, detoxifying snake venom.

主治 Indications

风湿痹痛，咳喘痰多，跌打肿痛，毒蛇咬伤。
Wind-damp arthralgia, cough with abundant phlegm, bruises with swelling and pain, and snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-9g；或研末。外用：鲜品适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 3-9g; or powdered. External use: Apply appropriate amount of fresh product topically.

注意事项 Precautions

孕妇及体虚者禁服。本品有毒，服用过量易致中毒，表现为头晕眼花、呕吐、四肢无力、麻木，严重者呼吸困难、心跳由强变弱，最后因心跳停止而死亡。
Pregnant women and those with weak constitution are prohibited from taking this medicine. This product is toxic; overdose can easily lead to poisoning, manifested as dizziness, blurred vision, vomiting, weakness in limbs, numbness. In severe cases, there may be difficulty breathing, weakening of the heartbeat, and ultimately death due to cardiac arrest.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

全株含娃儿藤定碱和娃儿藤宁碱。
The whole plant contains Vincamine and Vincaminorine.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《广西中药志》：“祛风，止咳化痰，散瘀，催吐。治气喘痰咳，跌打刀伤，风湿痛。”

1. "Guangxi Materia Medica": "Dispelling wind, stopping cough and resolving phlegm, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, inducing vomiting. Used for treating asthma with phlegm cough, bruises and cuts, and rheumatic pain."

2、广州部队《常用中草药手册》：“祛风，定喘，散瘀，止痛。”
2. "Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual of Guangzhou Troops": "Dispelling wind, relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, and alleviating pain."

3、《全国中草药汇编》：“祛风除湿，散瘀止痛，止咳定喘，解蛇毒。”
3. "Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines Nationwide": "Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and alleviate pain, stopping cough and relieving asthma, detoxifying snake venom."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治风湿腰痛：（藤细辛）根6-9g，牛尾菜3g。水煎服。（《湖南药物志》）

1. Treatment for rheumatic back pain: 6-9g of Clematis root and 3g of Oxalis corniculata. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Hunan Materia Medica")

2、治哮喘顽痰：三十六荡15g，煎水服。痰吐出后，用大蓟12g，金不换15-24g，小罗伞9g，煲猪肉食。（《广西中药志》）
2. Treatment for asthma with stubborn phlegm: 15g of Thirty-Six Dang, decoct in water and take orally. After expelling phlegm, use 12g of Great Burdock, 15-24g of Jin Bu Huan, and 9g of Xanthium sibiricum, cook with pork and consume. (From "Guangxi Materia Medica")

3、治疮疡溃烂：藤细辛根煎水洗。
3. Treatment for ulcerated sores: Wash the affected area with a decoction of Clematis root.

4、治竹叶青蛇、眼镜蛇咬伤：（藤细辛〕鲜根捣烂，加酒适量调匀，由上而下涂擦伤口周围。（3-4方出自《湖南药物志》）
4. Treatment for bites from bamboo vipers and cobras: Crush fresh Clematis root, mix with an appropriate amount of alcohol, and apply the mixture around the wound from top to bottom. (The third and fourth remedies are from "Hunan Materia Medica")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：冬季挖取根部，抖尽泥沙，晒干。或收集全株，切段，晒干。
It is harvested in winter by digging out the roots, shaking off dirt and sand, and drying in the sun. Alternatively, the whole plant can be collected, cut into sections, and dried.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：根茎粗短，呈结节状，上端有茎残基，下端丛生多数细根。根细长，略弯，长10-15cm，直径1-1.5mm，表面淡黄色至黄棕色，具细纵皱纹；体轻，质脆，易折断，粉质，断面皮部灰白色，木部淡黄色，置紫外光灯下观察，显淡黄色荧光。气微香，味辛、麻舌。茎类圆形，细长，稍扭曲，直径1-2mm，表面黄绿色至淡棕色，被柔毛，其细纵纹；质脆，易折断，断面不平，中空。叶对生，多皱缩破碎，完整者展平后呈卵形或长卵形，长2.5-4cm，宽1.5-2.5cm，先端急尖，基部近心形，全缘，略反卷，上面暗绿色，下面黄绿色至灰黄色，两面被柔毛；叶柄短，长约5mm。根以条长、粉质、断面灰白色者为佳。全株以色黄绿、叶完整者为佳。
Characteristics of medicinal material: The rhizome is short and thick, nodular in shape, with stem remnants at the top and numerous fine roots clustered at the bottom. The roots are slender, slightly curved, 10-15cm long, 1-1.5mm in diameter, with a pale yellow to yellow-brown surface and fine longitudinal wrinkles; light in weight, brittle in texture, easily breakable, powdery, with a gray-white bark and a light yellow wood section. When observed under ultraviolet light, it exhibits a faint yellow fluorescence. It has a slightly fragrant smell, and a pungent and numbing taste. The stems are cylindrical, slender, slightly twisted, 1-2mm in diameter, with a yellow-green to light brown surface covered with soft hairs and fine longitudinal wrinkles; brittle in texture, easily breakable, uneven cross-section, and hollow inside. The leaves are opposite, often wrinkled and broken, when intact they are ovate or elongated ovate, 2.5-4cm long, 1.5-2.5cm wide, sharply pointed at the tip, nearly cordate at the base, with entire margins, slightly curled, dark green on the upper surface, yellow-green to grayish-yellow on the lower surface, and covered with soft hairs on both sides; short leaf stalks, about 5mm long. The roots are best when they are long, powdery, and have a gray-white cross-section. The whole plant is best when it has a yellow-green color and intact leaves.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：萝藦科娃儿藤属卵叶娃儿藤。
Species: Tylophora ovata (Lindl.) Hook. f., belonging to the genus Tylophora in the family Apocynaceae (Milkweed family).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

攀援灌木。茎上部缠绕；全株被锈色黄柔毛；须根淡黄白色，有香味。单叶对生；叶柄长0.4-1.4cm；叶片卵形，长2.5-6cm，宽2-5.5cm，先端急尖，具小尖头，基部浅心形，全缘，两面密被短柔毛，中脉两面突起，侧脉4-5对。聚伞花序伞房状，腋生，通常不规则二歧，着花多朵；花萼5裂，淡黄绿色，有缘，裂片卵形，内面基部无腺体；花冠5深裂，辐状，淡黄色或黄绿色，裂片长圆状披针形，平展，径约5mm，两面被柔毛；副花冠裂片卵形，贴生于合蕊冠上，背部隆肿；雄蕊5，花丝连成筒状，包围雌蕊，紫色，花药2室，先端有圆形薄膜片；花粉块每室1个，圆球形，平展；子房无毛，由2枚离生心皮组成；花柱短，连合，柱头五角状。蓇葖果双生，圆柱状披针形，长达7cm。种子卵形，先端截形，具长约3cm的白色绢质种毛。花期4-8月，果期8-12月。
Climbing shrub. The upper part of the stem is twining; the whole plant is covered with rusty yellow soft hairs; the roots are pale yellowish-white, with a fragrance. Single leaves are opposite; leaf stalks are 0.4-1.4cm long; leaf blades are ovate, 2.5-6cm long, 2-5.5cm wide, acute at the apex with small tips, shallowly cordate at the base, entire margins, densely covered with short soft hairs on both sides, midveins raised on both sides, 4-5 pairs of lateral veins. Umbel inflorescences are umbellate, axillary, usually irregularly dichotomous, with many flowers; calyx 5-lobed, pale yellow-green, with margins, lobes ovate, glandless at the base on the inner surface; corolla 5-lobed, rotate, pale yellow or yellowish-green, lobes long elliptic-lanceolate, flat, about 5mm in diameter, covered with soft hairs on both sides; corona lobes ovate, adnate to the corona, swollen on the back; stamens 5, filaments connate into a tube, surrounding the pistil, purple, anthers 2-loculed, with a round membranous tip at the apex; pollen grains 1 per locule, spherical, flat; ovary glabrous, composed of 2 separate carpels; style short, connate, with a pentagonal stigma. Fruits are paired, cylindrical-lanceolate, up to 7cm long. Seeds are ovate, truncate at the apex, with white silky hairs about 3cm long. Flowering period is from April to August, and fruiting period is from August to December.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于台湾、湖南、广东、海南、广西、云南等地。
Distributed in Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other regions.

道地产区 Authentic Production Areas

产于云南、广西、广东、台湾等地。自产自销。
Originating from Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, and other regions. Self-produced and self-sold.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔900m以下的山地灌木丛中、山谷或杂木林中。
Born in mountain shrubs, valleys, or mixed forests below 900 meters above sea level.