山麻根，中药名。为荨麻科苎麻属植物悬铃木叶苎麻Boehmeriatricuspis（Hance）Makino的根。植物悬铃木叶苎麻，分布于我国辽宁、河北、陕西、甘肃、山东、江西、河南、湖北、四川等地。具有活血止血，解毒消肿之功效。主治跌打损伤，胎漏下血，痔疮肿痛，疖肿。
Shan-ma-gen, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Root of Boehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino), a plant belonging to the Urticaceae family, is the root of Boehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino. The plant is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and other regions of China. It is known for its effects of promoting blood circulation, stopping bleeding, detoxification, and reducing swelling. It is used to treat injuries from falls, excessive uterine bleeding, painful hemorrhoids, and abscesses.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

活血止血，解毒消肿。
Promoting blood circulation to stop bleeding, detoxifying and reducing swelling.

主治 Indications

跌打损伤，胎漏下血，痔疮肿痛，疖肿。
Traumatic injuries, postpartum bleeding, swollen and painful hemorrhoids, and abscesses.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g；或浸酒。外用：适量鲜品，捣敷，或煎汤洗。
Internal use: decoction, 6-15g; or soak in alcohol. External use: appropriate amount of fresh herbs, mashed for application, or decocted for washing.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治跌打内伤，鲜山麻根加山天萝（葡萄科蛇葡萄）根、兰花（兰科春兰）根等量，拌入黄酒，捣烂敷患处。（《天目山药用植物志》）
2、治跌打损伤，龟叶麻根、五加皮各60g，白附子、皂角各6g。共研细末，加糖适量，用水调和，摊布上贴患处。（《安徽中草药》）

1. To treat internal injuries from falls or blows, mix fresh roots of Xian Shan Ma (Gaultheria leucocarpa) with roots of Shan Tian Luo (Clematis montana) and roots of Lan Hua (Cymbidium goeringii) in equal amounts, then mash them and apply to the affected area with yellow wine. (From "Tianmu Mountain Medicinal Plants Compendium")
2. For treating injuries from falls or blows, take 60g each of Gui Ye Ma (Gaultheria yunnanensis) roots and Wu Jia Pi (Eleutherococcus senticosus) bark, and 6g each of Bai Fu Zi (Typhonium giganteum) and Zao Jiao (Gleditsia sinensis). Grind them into a fine powder, add an appropriate amount of sugar, mix with water, spread on a cloth, and apply to the affected area. (From "Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine")
3. To treat bleeding during pregnancy, take 15g of Xuan Ling Mu Ye Zhu Ma (Mallotus apelta) roots, 9g each of Zi Su Dou (Perilla frutescens) and Yi Mu Cao (Leonurus japonicus), and 3g of Ai Gan (Artemisia argyi). Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Hunan Pharmacopoeia")
4. For treating hemorrhoids, prepare a decoction of Shan Ma (Gaultheria yunnanensis) roots for fumigation and washing. (From "Tianmu Mountain Medicinal Plants Compendium")
5. To treat boils and swellings, mash fresh roots or leaves of Xuan Ling Mu Ye Zhu Ma (Mallotus apelta) and apply to the affected area. (From "Hunan Pharmacopoeia")

附注 Notes

本种在“Flora of China”5：172，2003的中文名为八角麻。
The Chinese name of this plant in "Flora of China" 5:172, 2003 is "八角麻" (Bajiao Ma).

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采根，洗净，晒干或鲜用。
It is harvested in autumn, cleaned, and then dried in the sun or used fresh.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：根圆柱形，略弯曲，直径1-2cm。表面暗赤色，有较多的点状突起及须根痕，质硬，断面棕白色，有较细密的放射状纹理。水浸略有粘性。气微，味微辛、微苦、涩。
The root is cylindrical, slightly curved, with a diameter of 1-2cm. The surface is dark reddish with numerous dot-like protrusions and root marks, hard in texture. The cross-section is brownish-white with fine and dense radial textures. When soaked in water, it is slightly sticky. It has a mild aroma, and tastes slightly pungent, slightly bitter, and astringent.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：荨麻科苎麻属植物悬铃木叶苎麻。
The plant species is Boehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino, belonging to the Urticaceae family (nettle family), genus Boehmeria.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本，高40-90cm。茎直立，数茎丛生，不分枝，有4钝棱，通常带红色，上部疏生短伏毛。叶对生；叶柄长1-8cm；叶片草质，卵形或宽卵形，长3.5-13cm，宽3-12cm，先端有3或5骤尖或3浅裂，有时在上部叶长渐尖，基部宽楔形，边缘生粗牙齿，上面疏生短毛，下面近无毛；基生脉3条。雌雄同株或异株；花序穗状，腋生，细长；雄花序在同株时生在较下部的叶腋，雄花被片4-5，淡黄白色，雄蕊4-5；雌花序在同株时生上部中叶腋，雌花小，花被管状，淡红色，花柱线形，长达2mm，宿存。瘦果倒卵形，长约1mm，上部有细柔毛。花期6-8月，果期8-10月。
Perennial herb, 40-90cm tall. Stem erect, several stems clustered, unbranched, with 4 blunt edges, usually reddish, sparsely short-hairy in the upper part. Leaves opposite; petiole 1-8cm long; leaf blade herbaceous, ovate or broadly ovate, 3.5-13cm long, 3-12cm wide, with 3 or 5 abruptly pointed or 3 shallowly lobed at the apex, sometimes gradually pointed in the upper leaves, broadly cuneate at the base, margin with coarse teeth, sparsely short-hairy on the upper surface, nearly glabrous on the lower surface; basal veins 3. Monoecious or dioecious; inflorescence spicate, axillary, slender; male inflorescence borne in the lower leaf axils when on the same plant, with 4-5 pale yellow-white tepals, 4-5 stamens; female inflorescence borne in the upper middle leaf axils when on the same plant, small, with tubular perianth, pale red, style linear, up to 2mm long, persistent. Achene inverted ovate, about 1mm long, upper part finely pubescent. Flowering period from June to August, fruiting period from August to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于辽宁、河北、陕西、甘肃、山东、江西、河南、湖北、四川等地。
Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于林下或沟边草地。
Born in the forest or by the edge of a ditch.