山莴苣，中药名。为菊科莴苣属植物山莴苣LactucaindicaL.的全草或根。植物山莴苣，除西北外，几广布全国各地。具有清热解毒，活血，止血之功效。主治咽喉肿痛，肠痈，疮疖肿毒，子宫颈炎，产后瘀血腹痛，疣瘤，崩漏，痔疮出血。
Shan-wo-ju, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole herb or root of Lactuca indica L., a plant of the Asteraceae family. The plant is widely distributed throughout the country except in the northwest. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, and stopping bleeding. It is mainly used for treating sore throat, intestinal abscess, carbuncle, cervical erosion, postpartum abdominal pain due to blood stasis, warts, menorrhagia, and bleeding hemorrhoids.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，活血，止血。主治
Clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, stopping bleeding. Mainly used for治疗.

咽喉肿痛，肠痈，疮疖肿毒，子宫颈炎，产后瘀血腹痛，疣瘤，崩漏，痔疮出血。用法用量
Sore throat, intestinal abscess, swollen ulcers, cervicitis, postpartum abdominal pain due to blood stasis, warts, menorrhagia, bleeding hemorrhoids. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，9-15g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷。药理作用
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g. External use: appropriate amount, fresh product mashed for application. Pharmacological actions.

降低血中胆固醇。相关论述
Lowering cholesterol levels in the blood. Relevant discussion.

1、《中国药用植物图鉴》：“茎叶煎服可以解热；粉末涂擦可除去疣瘤。”2、《河北中草药》：“能解热毒，消痈疡。并有止血作用。用于痈肿疮毒，扁桃体炎，子宫颈炎，崩漏出血等症。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicinal Plants": "Decoction of stems and leaves can reduce fever; powder application can remove warts and tumors."2. "Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine": "It can dispel heat toxins, reduce swelling and heal ulcers. It also has a hemostatic effect. It is used for conditions such as abscesses, sores, tonsillitis, cervicitis, menorrhagia, and bleeding." Clinical applications and relevant compatibility.

1、治疮疖肿毒及无名肿毒，乳痈，鲜山莴苣根适量。捣烂如泥，敷患处。（《河南中草药手册》）2、治扁桃体炎，山莴苣30g。水煎。分2次服。（《河南中草药手册》）3、治子宫颈炎，山莴苣30g，猪膀胱1个。水煎，分3次服。（《河南中草药手册》）4、治扁平疣（瘊子），山莴苣全草研末，醋调涂患处。或用鲜草的乳汁涂患处，保持到翌日再洗掉重涂，连续数日则疣瘤脱落。（《东北药用植物》）5、治肺结核咯血，山莴苣10-20g。水煎，久服。（《怒江中草药》）附注

1. For treating abscesses, carbuncles, swelling, and unidentified swellings, as well as breast abscesses, take an appropriate amount of fresh Sonchus root. Mash it into a paste and apply it to the affected area. (From "Henan Manual of Chinese Medicinal Herbs") 2. For treating tonsillitis, take 30g of Sonchus. Decoct in water and take it in two doses. (From "Henan Manual of Chinese Medicinal Herbs") 3. For treating cervicitis, take 30g of Sonchus and 1 pig bladder. Decoct in water and take it in three doses. (From "Henan Manual of Chinese Medicinal Herbs") 4. For treating flat warts (verruca plana), grind the whole Sonchus plant into powder, mix with vinegar, and apply to the affected area. Alternatively, apply the fresh plant's latex to the affected area, leave it on until the next day, wash it off, and reapply. Repeat this process for several days until the warts fall off. (From "Medicinal Plants of Northeast China") 5. For treating pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, take 10-20g of Sonchus. Decoct in water and take it regularly. (From "Yunnan Chinese Medicinal Herbs") Additional note:

同属植物中功效相同的尚有翼柄山莴苣LactucatriangulataMaxim.分布于东北、华北和西北。加工炮制 采收加工
Another plant with similar effects in the same category is Lactuca triangulata Maxim., which is distributed in Northeast, North and Northwest China. It is harvested and processed after collection.

春、夏间采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。炮制方法
Harvest in spring or summer, wash and clean, use fresh or sun-dry. Processing method.

拣去杂质，洗净，泡至约七成透，捞出，闷润至内外湿度均匀，切片，晒干。药材鉴别 鉴别
Remove impurities, wash clean, soak until about 70% transparent, remove, let it moisten evenly inside and outside, slice, and air dry. Identification of medicinal materials.

根呈圆锥形，多自顶部分枝。长5-15cm，直径0.7-1.7cm。顶端有圆盘形的芽或芽痕。表面灰黄色或灰褐色，具细纵皱纹及横向点状须根痕；经加工蒸煮者呈黄棕色，半透明状。质坚实，较易折断。折断面近乎平坦，隐约可见不规则的形成层环纹。有时有放射状裂隙。气微臭，味微甜而后苦。茎长条形而抽皱，叶互生，无柄，叶形多变，叶缘不分裂、深裂或全裂，基部扩大戟形半抱茎。有的可见头状花序或果序。果实黑色有灰白色长冠毛。气微，味微甜而后苦。植物学信息 植物种属
The roots are conical in shape, with many branches from the top. They are 5-15cm long and 0.7-1.7cm in diameter. At the top, there are disc-shaped buds or bud scars. The surface is grayish-yellow or grayish-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles and transverse dotted root scars; after processing by steaming and boiling, they become yellow-brown and semi-transparent. The texture is solid and relatively easy to break. The broken surface is almost flat, with irregular growth rings faintly visible. Sometimes there are radial cracks. The odor is slightly unpleasant, with a slightly sweet and then bitter taste. The stems are elongated and wrinkled, the leaves are opposite, sessile, and variable in shape, with margins that are undivided, deeply divided, or fully divided, and the base is enlarged and lanceolate, semi-clasping the stem. Some may have head-like flower clusters or fruit clusters. The fruits are black with long grayish-white hairs. The odor is faint, with a slightly sweet and then bitter taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

菊科莴苣属植物山莴苣。形态特征
Asteraceae, genus Lactuca, plant Lactuca montana. Morphological characteristics.

二年生草本，高90-120cm，或更高。茎无毛，上部有分枝。叶互生，无柄；叶形多变化，条形、长椭圆状条形或条状披针形，不分裂而基部扩大戟形半抱茎到羽状或倒向羽状深裂或全裂，裂片边缘缺刻状或具锯齿状针刺；下部叶花期枯萎；上部叶变小，条状披针形或条形；全部叶有狭窄膜片状长毛。头状花序在茎枝顶端排成宽或窄的圆锥花序；每个头状花序有小花25个，舌状花淡黄色或白色。瘦果黑色，压扁，边缘不明显，内弯，每面仅有1条纵肋，喙短而明显，长约1mm，冠毛白色。花果期9-11月。分布区域
Perennial herb, 90-120cm tall, or taller. Stem glabrous, with branches in the upper part. Leaves opposite, sessile; various in shape, linear, long elliptic-linear, or linear-lanceolate, not divided but with enlarged lanceolate base semi-clasping stem to pinnate or pinnatifid, with serrate or pinnate spines along the edges of the lobes; lower leaves wither during flowering period; upper leaves smaller, linear-lanceolate or linear; all leaves with narrow membranous long hairs. Capitulum arranged in wide or narrow conical capitulum at the top of the stem; each capitulum with 25 florets, ligulate florets pale yellow or white. Achene black, compressed, margin not distinct, inwardly curved, with only 1 longitudinal rib on each side, beak short and distinct, about 1mm long, pappus white. Flowering and fruiting period from September to November. Distribution area.

除西北外，几广布全国各地。生长环境
Except for the northwest, it is distributed throughout the country. Growing environment.

生于田间、路旁、灌丛或滨海处。
Born in fields, by the roadside, in thickets, or by the seaside.