杄木，中药名。为松科植物白杄PiceameyeriRehd.etWils.、青杄PiceawilsoniiMast的枝干结节和针叶。白杄分布于华北及辽宁。青杄分布于华北及陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川等地。具有祛风除湿，活络止痛之功效。常用于风湿关节痛，跌打肿痛。叶兼能明目安神，治高血压病，夜盲症。
Qian-mu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the branches, nodes, and needles of the coniferous plants Picea meyeri Rehd. et Wils. (白杄) and Picea wilsonii Mast. (青杄) of the Pinaceae family. Picea meyeri is distributed in North China and Liaoning, while Picea wilsonii is distributed in North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, and other regions. It has the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain. It is commonly used for rheumatic joint pain, bruises, and swelling. The leaves also have the additional effects of improving vision, calming the mind, and treating hypertension and night blindness.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，活络止痛。
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

用于风湿关节痛，跌打肿痛。叶兼能明目安神，治高血压病，夜盲症。
Used for rheumatic joint pain, bruises and swelling. The leaves can also improve vision and calm the mind, and treat hypertension and night blindness.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。外用：适量，捣敷；或煎汤熏洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application; or decocted for fumigation and washing.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年可采，阴干备用。
Harvesting and processing: harvestable all year round, and can be air-dried and stored.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Herbs

药材性状：
Characteristics of medicinal materials:

白杄：小枝有木钉状叶枕，有毛或近无毛，节处膨大呈瘤状，外表面灰褐色。叶条状，有棱，稍弯曲，长1.3-3cm，宽1.2-1.8mm，先端微钝或钝头，四面有粉白色气孔线；横切面菱形。气微；结节味稍苦，叶味淡。
Baijiang: The small branches have leaf cushions shaped like wooden nails, with hairs or nearly hairless, and the nodes are swollen and lumpy at the joints, with a gray-brown outer surface. The leaves are strip-shaped, with edges, slightly curved, 1.3-3cm long, 1.2-1.8mm wide, slightly blunt or obtuse at the tip, with powdery white stomatal lines on all four sides; rhomboid in cross-section. Slightly fragrant; the nodes taste slightly bitter, and the leaves taste mild.

青杄：枝的结节瘤状，与白杄类同。叶锥形四棱状，长0.8-1.5cm，先端尖，四面各有气孔线4-6条，横切面菱形或扁菱形。
Qingjiang: The nodules on the branches are similar to those of Baijiang. The leaves are conical and four-angled, 0.8-1.5cm long, with a pointed tip, and each side has 4-6 stomatal lines, with a rhomboid or flattened rhomboid cross-section.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：松科植物白杄、青杄。
Plant species: Picea meyeri (Baijiang) and Picea wilsonii (Qingjiang), both belonging to the Pinaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

白杄又名刺几松、钝叶杉、云杉、毛枝云杉、麦氏云杉。乔木，高达30m，胸围约60cm。树皮灰褐色，不规则薄裂。小枝淡黄褐色，有毛；冬芽圆锥形，褐色，光滑无毛。叶锥形，长1.3-3cm，先端钝尖，横切面棱形，四面有气孔线。雌雄同株；雄球花单生叶腋，下垂；雌球花单生枝顶，紫红色，下垂。球果长圆状圆柱形，熟时褐黄色，长6-9cm，径2.5-3.5cm；中部种鳞倒卵形，长约1.6cm，宽约1.2cm，先端圆或钝三角形，鳞背露出部分有条纹。种子倒卵圆形，长约3.5mm，种翅淡褐色。
Baijiang, also known as Ciji Song, Dunye Shan, Yunsong, Maozhi Yunsong, and Maishi Yunsong, is a tall tree reaching up to 30 meters in height with a breast diameter of about 60 cm. The bark is gray-brown and irregularly fissured. The small branches are light yellow-brown with hairs; the winter buds are conical, brown, smooth, and hairless. The leaves are cone-shaped, 1.3-3 cm long, with blunt tips, rhomboid in cross-section, and have stomatal lines on all four sides. It is monoecious; male cones are solitary in leaf axils and pendulous; female cones are solitary at branch tips, purple-red, and pendulous. The cones are oblong-cylindrical, ripening to brownish-yellow, 6-9 cm long and 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter; the middle seed scales are inverted-ovate, about 1.6 cm long and 1.2 cm wide, with rounded or blunt triangular tips, and striped on the exposed part. The seeds are inverted-ovate, about 3.5 mm long, with pale brown wings.

青杄又名细叶松、方叶杉、细叶云杉、刺儿松、黑杄松、白杄松、紫木树、红毛杉。乔木，高达50米，胸径达1.3米；树皮灰色或暗灰色，裂成不规则鳞状块片脱落；枝条近平展，树冠塔形；一年生枝淡黄绿色或淡黄灰色，无毛，稀有疏生短毛，二、三年生枝淡灰色、灰色或淡褐灰色；冬芽卵圆形，无树脂，芽鳞排列紧密，淡黄褐色或褐色，先端钝，背部无纵脊，光滑无毛，小枝基部宿存芽鳞的先端紧贴小枝。叶排列较密，在小枝上部向前伸展，小枝下面之叶向两侧伸展，四棱状条形，直或微弯，较短，通常长0.8-1.3（-1.8)厘米，宽1.2-1.7毫米，先端尖，横切面四棱形或扁菱形，四面各有气孔线4-6条，微具白粉。球果卵状圆柱形或圆柱状长卵圆形，成熟前绿色，熟时黄褐色或淡褐色，长5-8厘米，径2.5-4厘米；中部种鳞倒卵形，长1.4-1.7厘米，宽1-1.4厘米，先端圆或有急尖头，或呈钝三角形，或具突起截形之尖头，基部宽楔形，鳞背露出部分无明显的槽纹，较平滑；苞鳞匙状矩圆形，先端钝圆，长约4毫米；种子倒卵圆形，长3-4毫米，连翅长1.2-1.5厘米，种翅倒宽披针形，淡褐色，先端圆；子叶6-9枚，条状钻形，长1.5-2厘米，棱上有极细的齿毛；初生叶四棱状条形，长0.4-1.3厘米，先端有渐尖的长尖头，中部以上有整齐的细齿毛。花期4月，球果10月成熟。
Qingjiang, also known as Xiye Song, Fangye Shan, Xiye Yunsong, Cier Song, Hei Gang Song, Bai Gang Song, Zimu Shu, and Hongmao Shan, is a tall tree reaching up to 50 meters in height with a breast diameter of 1.3 meters; the bark is gray or dark gray, peeling off irregularly in scale-like pieces; the branches are nearly flat, forming a conical crown; one-year-old branches are light yellow-green or light yellow-gray, usually hairless, occasionally sparsely short-haired; two- to three-year-old branches are light gray, gray, or light brown-gray; winter buds are ovate, resin-free, with tightly arranged bud scales that are pale yellow-brown or brown, blunt-tipped, smooth and hairless on the back, with persistent bud scale tips closely adhering to the twig base. Leaves are densely arranged, extending forward in the upper part of the twig and laterally below, quadrangular-linear, straight or slightly curved, short, usually 0.8–1.3 (–1.8) cm long, 1.2–1.7 mm wide, with acute tips, quadrangular or flattened rhomboid in cross-section, each side bearing 4–6 stomatal lines, slightly pruinose. Cones are ovoid-cylindrical or cylindrical-ellipsoid, green before maturity, turning yellow-brown or light brown when ripe, 5–8 cm long, 2.5–4 cm in diameter; middle seed scales are inverted-ovate, 1.4–1.7 cm long, 1–1.4 cm wide, with rounded, abruptly pointed, blunt triangular, or protruding truncate tips, broadly wedge-shaped at the base, the exposed part of the scale back being relatively smooth without distinct grooves; bracts are spoon-shaped rectangular, bluntly rounded at the tip, about 4 mm long; seeds are inverted-ovate, 3–4 mm long, with wings 1.2–1.5 cm long, the wing being inversely broad-lanceolate, pale brown, with a rounded tip; cotyledons 6–9, linear-drill-shaped, 1.5–2 cm long, with very fine toothed hairs along the edges; primary leaves quadrangular-linear, 0.4–1.3 cm long, with gradually acuminate long tips and neat fine toothed hairs above the middle. Flowering occurs in April, and cones mature in October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

白杄：分布于华北及辽宁。青杄：分布于华北及陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川等地。
Baijiang: distributed in North China and Liaoning. Qingjiang: distributed in North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

白杄：生于海拔1500-2700m的针阔叶混交林中。青杄：生于海拔1700-2800m的针阔叶混交林中。
Baijiang: grows in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests at an altitude of 1500–2700 m. Qingjiang: grows in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests at an altitude of 1700–2800 m.