匙叶龙胆，中药名。为龙胆科植物匙叶龙胆GentianaspathulifoliaMaxim.exKusnez.的带根全草。分布于甘肃、青海、四川等地。具有解毒，利咽之功效。用于咽喉肿痛。
Shi-ye-long-dan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole herb of Gentiana spathulifolia Maxim. ex Kusnez, a plant of the Gentianaceae family, distributed in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and other places. It has the functions of detoxification and relieving sore throat, and is used for treating pharyngitis.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

解毒，利咽。
Detoxification and soothing the throat.

主治 Indications

用于咽喉肿痛。
For sore throat and throat inflammation.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g。外用：适量，煎水漱口。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-15g. External use: appropriate amount, decoct with water for gargling.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《青藏高原药物图鉴》：“治喉痛。”
"Encyclopedia of Medicinal Materials from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau": "Treats sore throat."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：6-7月采收，洗净，晾干。
Processing and preparation: Harvest from June to July, wash, and air dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：龙胆科植物匙叶龙胆。
Plant species: Gentianaceae plant Swertia spoonleaf.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高5-13厘米。茎紫红色，密被细乳突，在基部多分枝，似丛生，枝再作二歧分枝，铺散，斜升。基生叶大，在花期枯萎，宿存，宽卵形或圆形，长4-5.5毫米，宽4-5毫米，先端急尖或圆形，边缘软骨质，光滑，两面光滑，中脉膜质，在下面呈脊状突起，叶柄宽，长0.7-1毫米；茎生叶疏离，远短于节间，匙形，长4-5毫米，宽1.3-2毫米，先端三角状急尖，有小尖头，边缘有不明显的软骨质，光滑，两面光滑，中脉膜质，在下面呈脊状突起，叶柄边缘具乳突，连合成长0.5-1毫米的筒。花多数，单生于小枝顶端；花梗紫红色，密被细乳突，长3-12毫米，裸露；花萼漏斗形，长5-7毫米，裂片三角状披针形，长1.5-2.5毫米，先端急尖，边缘膜质，狭窄，光滑，中脉膜质，在背面呈脊状突起，并下延至萼筒基部，弯缺宽，截形，花冠紫红色，漏斗形，长（10）12-14毫米，裂片卵形，长2-2.5毫米，先端钝，褶卵形，长1.5-2毫米，先端2浅裂或不裂；雄蕊着生于冠筒中下部，整齐，花丝丝状钻形，长3-3.5毫米，花药椭圆形，长0.5-0.7毫米；子房椭圆形，长2-2.5毫米，两端渐狭，柄长1-1.5毫米，花柱线形，连柱头长约1毫米，柱头2裂，裂片线形。蒴果外露或内藏，矩圆状匙形，长5-6毫米，先端截形，有宽翅，两侧边缘有狭翅，基部渐狭，柄长至15毫米；种子褐色，椭圆形，长1.2-1.5毫米，表面具细网纹。花果期8-9月。
It is an annual herb, 5-13 cm tall. The stem is purple-red, densely covered with fine pubescence, and branches at the base, appearing tufted. The branches further divide into dichotomous branches, spreading and ascending obliquely. The basal leaves are large, withering during the flowering period but persisting, broadly ovate or circular, 4-5.5 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, abruptly acute or rounded at the apex, with cartilaginous margins, smooth on both surfaces, membranous midvein, with raised ridges on the lower surface, and a broad, 0.7-1 mm long petiole. The stem leaves are sparse, much shorter than the internodes, spoon-shaped, 4-5 mm long, 1.3-2 mm wide, triangular-acute at the apex with small apices, inconspicuously cartilaginous margins, smooth on both surfaces, membranous midvein, with raised ridges on the lower surface, and pubescent margins that coalesce into a 0.5-1 mm long sheath. The flowers are numerous, solitary at the tips of the small branches; the pedicels are purple-red, densely covered with fine pubescence, 3-12 mm long, naked; the calyx is funnel-shaped, 5-7 mm long, with triangular-lanceolate lobes, 1.5-2.5 mm long, abruptly acute at the apex, membranous margins, narrow, smooth, membranous midvein, with ridges on the back extending downward to the base of the calyx tube, with wide sinuses, truncate; the corolla is purple-red, funnel-shaped, (10)12-14 mm long, with ovate lobes, 2-2.5 mm long, blunt at the apex, folded ovate, 1.5-2 mm long, with 2 shallow lobes or unlobed at the apex; the stamens are inserted in the lower part of the corolla tube, uniform, with filaments thread-like and lanceolate anthers, 3-3.5 mm long, and elliptical, 0.5-0.7 mm long; the ovary is elliptical, 2-2.5 mm long, gradually narrowing at both ends, with a 1-1.5 mm long stalk, and a linear style, with a style head about 1 mm long, and 2-lobed style lobes. The capsule is exserted or enclosed, rectangularly oblong-spoon-shaped, 5-6 mm long, truncate at the apex, with broad wings, narrow wings on both sides, gradually narrowing at the base, with a stalk up to 15 mm long; the seeds are brown, elliptical, 1.2-1.5 mm long, with a finely reticulate surface. The flowering and fruiting period is in August to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于甘肃、青海、四川等地。
Distributed in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and other areas.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔2800-3800m的向阳山坡、河滩、高山草甸灌丛中。
Born on sunny slopes, riverbanks, and alpine meadows at an altitude of 2800-3800 meters.