铁丝灵仙，中药名。为百合科菝葜属植物短梗菝葜SmilaxscobinicaulisC.H.Wright、华东菝葜SmilaxsieboldiiMiq.、黑叶菝葜SmilaxnigrescensWangetTangexP.Y.Li以及鞘柄菝葜SmilaxstansMaxim.的根及根茎。短梗菝葜，分布于我国河北（西南部）、山西（中南部）、河南（西部）、陕西（秦岭以南）、甘肃（东南部）、四川、湖北、湖南、江西、贵州、云南（东南部至西北部）；华东菝葜，分布于我国辽宁（辽东半岛南端）、山东（山东半岛）、江苏（南部）、安徽（东南部）、浙江、福建（北部）和台湾（高山），朝鲜、日本也有分布；黑叶菝葜，分布于我国甘肃（东南部）、陕西（秦岭以南）、四川（中部至东部）、湖北、湖南、贵州和云南（中部至东南部）；鞘柄菝葜，分布于我国河北（北京至西南部）、山西（中南部）、陕西（中南部）、甘肃（平凉、天水、夏河一带）、四川（西北部至东南部）、湖北、河南、安徽、浙江和台湾等地，日本也有分布。具有祛风除湿，活血通络，解毒散结之功效。主治风湿痹痛，关节不利，疮疖，肿毒，瘰疬。
Tie-si-ling-xian, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the root and rhizome of several plants in the Smilax genus, including Smilax scobinicaulis C.H.Wright, Smilax sieboldii Miq., Smilax nigrescens Wang et Tang ex P.Y.Li, and Smilax stans Maxim., all belonging to the Liliaceae family. Smilax scobinicaulis is distributed in southwestern Hebei, central-southern Shanxi, western Henan, south of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, southeastern Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and southeastern to northwestern Yunnan in China. Smilax sieboldii is found in the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning, Shandong Peninsula, southern Jiangsu, southeastern Anhui, Zhejiang, northern Fujian, and Taiwan, as well as in North Korea and Japan. Smilax nigrescens is distributed in southeastern Gansu, south of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, central to eastern Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, and central to southeastern Yunnan in China. Smilax stans is found in Beijing to southwestern Hebei, central-southern Shanxi, central-southern Shaanxi, Pingliang, Tianshui, and Xiahe in Gansu, northwestern to southeastern Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Taiwan, as well as in Japan. It is known for its effects of dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation, detoxification, and dispersing masses. It is used to treat rheumatic arthralgia, joint impediment, sores, carbuncles, swelling and toxicity, and scrofula.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

祛风除湿，活血通络，解毒散结。主治
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation, unblocking meridians, detoxifying, and resolving masses. Mainly used for treating...

风湿痹痛，关节不利，疮疖，肿毒，瘰疬。用法用量
Wind-damp arthralgia, joint stiffness, ulcers, abscesses, swelling and toxicity, and scrofula. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，6～9g，大剂量可用15～30g；或入丸、散；或浸酒。外用：适量，捣敷或研末调敷，或煎水洗。相关论述
Internal use: Decoction, 6-9g, high doses can be up to 15-30g; or made into pills, powder; or soaked in alcohol. External use: appropriate amount, mashed for application or ground into powder for application, or decocted for washing. Related discussions.

1、《简易草药》：“通筋血，去死血，消肿痛。”2、《陕西中草药》：“除风湿，活血，解毒，镇惊，息风，抗癌。治风湿腰腿痛，小儿惊风，肠炎，疮疖，瘰疬，癌肿。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Promote blood circulation, remove stagnant blood, reduce swelling and alleviate pain." 2. "Relieve rheumatism, invigorate blood, detoxify, calm the mind, relieve wind, and have anti-cancer properties. Used for treating rheumatic pain in the lower back and legs, childhood convulsions, enteritis, sores, abscesses, scrofula, and tumors." Clinical applications and relevant combinations.

1、治风湿性关节痛，风湿腰痛，威灵仙、桂枝、当归等分为丸，每丸重6g，每次1丸，每日2次，酒送服。（《陕甘宁青中草药选》）2、治手足麻木，威灵仙、红花、防风各6g。水煎服。（《陕甘宁青中草药选》）3、治颈淋巴结核，金刚刺30～60g。炖猪肉吃。（《陕甘宁青中草药选》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. To treat rheumatic joint pain, rheumatic lower back pain, a combination of Weilingxian, Guizhi, Danggui, etc. is made into pills, with each pill weighing 6g. Take 1 pill each time, twice a day, and swallow with alcohol. (Selected Herbal Medicines from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai)2. To treat numbness in the hands and feet, a combination of Weilingxian, Honghua, and Fangfeng, each weighing 6g, is decocted in water and taken orally. (Selected Herbal Medicines from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai)3. To treat cervical lymph node tuberculosis, take 30-60g of Jinguangci, stewed with pork for consumption. (Selected Herbal Medicines from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai) Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

夏秋季采挖，除去茎叶，捆成小把，晒干或鲜用。炮制方法
In summer and autumn, the roots are harvested, the stems and leaves are removed, and then they are tied into small bundles to be dried in the sun or used fresh. Processing method:

取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥，筛去灰屑。药材鉴别 药材性状
Collect the original medicinal herbs, remove impurities, wash thoroughly, soak until moist, cut into thick slices, dry, and sift out any debris. Identify the medicinal herbs and their characteristics.

1、药材性状（1）短梗菝葜，根茎横向延长，略弯，具针状小刺，下侧着生多数细根。根长20～100㎝，直径1～2㎜，表面灰褐色或灰棕色，有细小的钩状刺及少数须根。质韧，富弹性，不易折断。断面外侧为浅棕色环（石细胞），导管小孔状，排成一圈。气无，味淡。（2）华东菝葜，根茎不规则圆柱形，略弯，表面黑褐色，下侧着生多数细根。根长30～80㎝，直径1～2㎜，弯曲，表面灰褐色或灰棕色，有少数须根及细刺，刺尖微曲，触之刺手。质坚韧，有弹性，不易折断。切面灰白色或黄白色，外侧有浅棕色环纹，内有一圈小孔（导管）。气无，味淡。以根长、质坚韧者为佳。2、饮片性状：根茎为不规则的厚片，切面灰白色，周边灰棕色，有须根、须根痕及小针状刺。根为类圆形厚片或小段，稍弯曲，切面类白色，有一圈均匀排列的小孔。周边灰褐色或灰棕色，平滑，有细小的钩状刺及须根。质柔软，有弹性，不易折断。气微，味淡。植物学信息 植物种属

1. Medicinal properties: (1) Short-stemmed barbed grass, with horizontally elongated rhizomes that are slightly curved and have needle-like small thorns, with numerous fine roots growing on the lower side. The roots are 20-100 cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, with a gray-brown or grayish-brown surface, fine hook-like thorns, and a few root hairs. The texture is tough, elastic, and not easily broken. The outer side of the cross-section is a light brown ring (sclerenchyma cells), with small pore-like ducts arranged in a circle. Odorless, with a mild taste. (2) Eastern barbed grass, with irregular cylindrical rhizomes that are slightly curved and have a black-brown surface, with numerous fine roots growing on the lower side. The roots are 30-80 cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, curved, with a gray-brown or grayish-brown surface, a few root hairs, and fine thorns that are slightly curved and prickly to the touch. The texture is tough, elastic, and not easily broken. The cut surface is grayish-white or yellowish-white, with a light brown ring on the outer side and a circle of small pores (ducts) inside. Odorless, with a mild taste. Roots that are long and tough are preferred. 2. Characteristics of medicinal slices: The rhizomes are irregular thick slices, with a grayish-white cut surface, grayish-brown periphery, root hairs, root marks, and small needle-like thorns. The roots are circular thick slices or small segments, slightly curved, with a white-like cut surface and a circle of evenly arranged small pores. The periphery is gray-brown or grayish-brown, smooth, with fine hook-like thorns and root hairs. The texture is soft, elastic, and not easily broken. Slightly aromatic, with a mild taste. Botanical information: Plant species.

百合科菝葜属植物短梗菝葜、华东菝葜、黑叶菝葜以及鞘柄菝葜。形态特征
Plants of the Smilax genus in the Liliaceae family include Smilax china, Smilax glabra, Smilax china var. pubescens, and Smilax riparia. Morphological characteristics.

1、短梗菝葜，茎和枝条通常疏生刺或近无刺，较少密生刺（只见于湖北、河北、四川），刺针状，长4～5毫米，稍黑色，茎上的刺有时较粗短。叶卵形或椭圆状卵形，干后有时变为黑褐色，长4～12.5厘米，宽2.5～8厘米，基部钝或浅心形；叶柄长5～15毫米。总花梗很短，一般不到叶柄长度的一半。雌花具3枚退化雄蕊。浆果直径6～9毫米。花期5月，果期10月。2、华东菝葜，攀援灌木或半灌木，具粗短的根状茎。茎长1～2米，小枝常带草质，干后稍凹瘪，一般有刺；刺多半细长，针状，稍黑色，较少例外。叶草质，卵形，长3～9厘米，宽2～5（～8）厘米，先端长渐尖，基部常截形；叶柄长1～2厘米，约占一半具狭鞘，有卷须，脱落点位于上部。伞形花序具几朵花；总花梗纤细，长1～2.5厘米，通常长于叶柄或近等长；花序托几不膨大；花绿黄色；雄花花被片长4～5毫米，内三片比外三片稍狭；雄蕊稍短于花被片，花丝比花药长；雌花小于雄花，具6枚退化雄蕊。浆果直径6～7毫米，熟时蓝黑色。花期5～6月，果期10月。3、黑叶菝葜，攀援灌木。茎长达2米，枝条多少具稜，疏生刺或近无刺。叶纸质，干后近黑色，通常卵状披针形或卵形，长3.5～9.5厘米，宽1.5～5厘米，先端渐尖，基部近圆形至浅心形，下面通常苍白色，较少淡绿色；叶柄长6～12毫米，约占全长的1/2～2/3具狭鞘，一般有卷须，脱落点位于近顶端。伞形花序具几朵至10余朵花；总花梗长8～15（～25）毫米，比叶柄长；花序托稍膨大，具卵形宿存小苞片；花绿黄色，内外花被片相似，长约2.5毫米，宽约1毫米；雌花与雄花大小相似，具6枚退化雄蕊。浆果直径6～8毫米，成熟时蓝黑色。花期4～6月，果期9～10月。4、鞘柄菝葜，落叶灌木或半灌木，直立或披散，高0.3～3米。茎和枝条稍具稜，无刺。叶纸质，卵形、卵状披针形或近圆形，长1.5～4（～6）厘米，宽1.2～3.5（～5）厘米，下面稍苍白色或有时有粉尘状物；叶柄长5～12毫米，向基部渐宽成鞘状，背面有多条纵槽，无卷须，脱落点位于近顶端。花序具1～3朵或更多的花；总花梗纤细，比叶柄长3～5倍；花序托不膨大；花绿黄色，有时淡红色；雄花外花被片长2.5～3毫米，宽约1毫米，内花被片稍狭；雌花比雄花略小，具6枚退化雄蕊，退化雄蕊有时具不育花药。浆果直径6～10毫米，熟时黑色，具粉霜。花期5～6月，果期10月。分布区域

1. Short-stalked Rubus, the stems and branches usually sparsely prickly or nearly without prickles, with fewer densely prickly (only seen in Hubei, Hebei, Sichuan), prickles needle-like, 4-5 millimeters long, slightly black, sometimes the prickles on the stem are relatively thick and short. The leaves are ovate or elliptic-ovate, sometimes turning black-brown when dry, 4-12.5 centimeters long, 2.5-8 centimeters wide, base blunt or shallow cordate; petiole 5-15 millimeters long. The peduncle is very short, generally less than half the length of the petiole. The female flowers have 3 degenerate stamens. The fruit is 6-9 millimeters in diameter. Flowering period is in May, and fruiting period is in October.2. Rubus tricolor, a climbing shrub or subshrub with thick, short rhizomes. The stem is 1-2 meters long, the small branches are often herbaceous, slightly concave and wrinkled when dry, generally prickly; the prickles are mostly slender, needle-like, slightly black, with few exceptions. The leaves are herbaceous, ovate, 3-9 centimeters long, 2-5 (8) centimeters wide, gradually pointed at the apex, often truncate at the base; petiole 1-2 centimeters long, about half sheathed, with tendrils, the abscission point is located at the upper part. The umbel inflorescence has several flowers; the peduncle is slender, 1-2.5 centimeters long, usually longer than or nearly equal to the petiole; the involucre is slightly enlarged; the flowers are greenish-yellow; the male flower tepals are 4-5 millimeters long, the inner three slightly narrower than the outer three; the stamens are shorter than the tepals, the filaments longer than the anthers; the female flowers are smaller than the male flowers, with 6 degenerate stamens. The fruit is 6-7 millimeters in diameter, turning blue-black when ripe. Flowering period is in May-June, and fruiting period is in October.3. Black-leaved Rubus, a climbing shrub. The stem can reach 2 meters in length, the branches are somewhat angular, sparsely prickly or nearly without prickles. The leaves are papery, turning nearly black when dry, usually ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3.5-9.5 centimeters long, 1.5-5 centimeters wide, gradually pointed at the apex, nearly circular to shallow cordate at the base, usually pale whitish on the underside, sometimes light green; petiole 6-12 millimeters long, about half to two-thirds of the total length, sheathed, generally with tendrils, the abscission point is near the apex. The umbel inflorescence has several to more than 10 flowers; the peduncle is 8-15 (25) millimeters long, longer than the petiole; the involucre is slightly enlarged, with ovate persistent bracts; the flowers are greenish-yellow, with similar inner and outer tepals, about 2.5 millimeters long and 1 millimeter wide; the female flowers are similar in size to the male flowers, with 6 degenerate stamens. The fruit is 6-8 millimeters in diameter, turning blue-black when ripe. Flowering period is in April-June, and fruiting period is in September-October.4. Rubus sheath-stalked, deciduous shrub or subshrub, erect or spreading, 0.3-3 meters tall. The stems and branches are slightly angular, without prickles. The leaves are papery, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or nearly circular, 1.5-4 (6) centimeters long, 1.2-3.5 (5) centimeters wide, slightly whitish or sometimes powdery underneath; petiole 5-12 millimeters long, gradually widening towards the base into a sheath, with several longitudinal grooves on the back, without tendrils, the abscission point is near the apex. The inflorescence has 1-3 or more flowers; the peduncle is slender, 3-5 times longer than the petiole; the involucre is not enlarged; the flowers are greenish-yellow, sometimes pale red; the outer tepals of the male flowers are 2.5-3 millimeters long, about 1 millimeter wide, the inner tepals slightly narrower; the female flowers are slightly smaller than the male flowers, with 6 degenerate stamens, sometimes with sterile anthers on the degenerate stamens. The fruit is 6-10 millimeters in diameter, turning black when ripe, with a powdery bloom. Flowering period is in May-June, and fruiting period is in October. Distribution area.

1、短梗菝葜，分布于我国河北（西南部）、山西（中南部）、河南（西部）、陕西（秦岭以南）、甘肃（东南部）、四川、湖北、湖南、江西、贵州、云南（东南部至西北部）。2、华东菝葜，分布于我国辽宁（辽东半岛南端）、山东（山东半岛）、江苏（南部）、安徽（东南部）、浙江、福建（北部）和台湾（高山），朝鲜、日本也有分布。3、黑叶菝葜，分布于我国甘肃（东南部）、陕西（秦岭以南）、四川（中部至东部）、湖北、湖南、贵州和云南（中部至东南部）。4、鞘柄菝葜，分布于我国河北（北京至西南部）、山西（中南部）、陕西（中南部）、甘肃（平凉、天水、夏河一带）、四川（西北部至东南部）、湖北、河南、安徽、浙江和台湾等地，日本也有分布。生长环境

1. Short-stalked dodder is distributed in the southwestern Hebei, central-southern Shanxi, western Henan, southern Shaanxi (south of the Qinling Mountains), southeastern Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and Yunnan (southeast to northwest).2. East China dodder is found in the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning, Shandong Peninsula, southern Jiangsu, southeastern Anhui, Zhejiang, northern Fujian, and Taiwan (mountainous areas), as well as in North Korea and Japan.3. Black-leaved dodder is distributed in the southeastern Gansu, south of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, central to eastern Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, and central to southeastern Yunnan.4. Sheath-stalked dodder is found in Beijing to the southwestern Hebei, central-southern Shanxi, central-southern Shaanxi, certain areas in Gansu (Pingliang, Tianshui, Xiahe), northwestern to southeastern Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Taiwan, with distribution also in Japan. Growth environment.

1、短梗菝葜，生于海拔600～2000米的林下、灌丛下或山坡阴处。2、华东菝葜，生于林下、灌丛中或山坡草丛中，海拔1800米以下，在台湾可达2500米以上。3、黑叶菝葜，生于海拔900～2500米的林下、灌丛中或山坡阴处。4、鞘柄菝葜，生于海拔400～3200米的林下、灌丛中或山坡阴处。

1. Short-stemmed Rubus, grows in forests, shrubs, or shady slopes at altitudes of 600 to 2000 meters.2. Rubus formosanus, grows in forests, shrubs, or grassy slopes at altitudes below 1800 meters, reaching over 2500 meters in Taiwan.3. Rubus henryi, grows in forests, shrubs, or shady slopes at altitudes of 900 to 2500 meters.4. Rubus palmatus, grows in forests, shrubs, or shady slopes at altitudes of 400 to 3200 meters.