防风草，中药名。为唇形科植物防风草Anisomelesindica(L.)O.Ktze的全草。分布于江西、浙江、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南及西藏。具有祛风，除湿，解毒之功效。常用于感冒身热，呕吐，腹痛，筋骨疼痛，疮疡，湿疹，痔疾。
Fang-feng-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Ktze) is the whole plant of the Lamiaceae plant Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Ktze. It is distributed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet. It has the functions of dispelling wind, removing dampness, and detoxification. It is commonly used for symptoms such as fever during a cold, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint and bone pain, ulcers, eczema, and hemorrhoids.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风，除湿，解毒。
Dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, detoxifying.

主治 Indications

感冒身热，呕吐，腹痛，筋骨疼痛，疮疡，湿疹，痔疾。
Symptoms of a cold include fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle and bone aches, sores, eczema, and hemorrhoids.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-5钱；浸酒或入丸剂。外用：煎水洗或捣敷。
Internal use: decoction, 3-5 qian; soak in alcohol or use in pill form. External use: decoction for washing or as a poultice.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、降血压作用。2、抗癌作用。

1. Hypotensive effect. 2. Anti-cancer effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《生草药性备要》：“性温。”“止痛，壮筋骨，消风散热，去毒疮，除疮骨疼痛，肾虚人取其头浸酒饮。”“祛风湿、壮筋骨、乌须、明目、洗痔疮、洗疳、去肿。”2、《陆川本草》：“苦辛，微温。”“驱风发表，行气疏滞。治感冒身热，呕吐，腹痛，四肢麻痹，蜂、蝎虫伤。”

1. "Mild in nature, warm." "Effective in relieving pain, strengthening tendons and bones, dispelling wind and heat, treating toxic sores, alleviating bone pain from sores, and recommended for individuals with kidney deficiency to soak the herb's head in alcohol and consume it." "Used for dispelling wind and dampness, strengthening tendons and bones, darkening hair, improving vision, treating hemorrhoids, treating dysentery, and reducing swelling." 2. "Bitter and pungent in taste, slightly warm in nature." "Effective in dispelling wind, promoting sweating, regulating qi flow, and treating symptoms such as fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, limb numbness, and bee or scorpion stings."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治百节筋骨疼痛：豨莶草十蒸九晒，和蜜为丸服。（《岭南采药录》）
Treating pain in the muscles and bones: Take ten portions of Xishen grass, steam them nine times, dry them in the sun, and mix them with honey to make pills for consumption. (From "Records of Herbal Medicine Collection in Lingnan")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋间割取全草，洗净，晒干或鲜用。
In summer and autumn, the whole plant is harvested, washed, and dried in the sun or used fresh.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：干燥全草，长1-1.5米。茎草质，四棱形，粗可达5毫米。表面棕色或红棕色，被毛，尤以棱角处为多，质硬，断面纤维性，中央有白色的髓。叶多皱缩，边缘具锯齿，上面灰棕色，下面灰绿色，两面均有毛，质脆，易破碎。有时可见密被毛茸的花序，花多脱落，仅留灰绿色的花萼，往往包有1-4枚小坚果。气微，味淡微苦。以叶多、干燥、无杂质者为佳。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The dried whole herb is 1-1.5 meters long. The stem is herbaceous, quadrangular, and can be up to 5 millimeters thick. The surface is brown or reddish-brown, hairy, especially at the edges, hard in texture, fibrous in cross-section, with white pith in the center. The leaves are wrinkled, serrated at the edges, gray-brown on the upper side, gray-green on the lower side, hairy on both sides, brittle in texture, and easily breakable. Sometimes densely hairy inflorescences can be seen, with many flowers falling off, leaving only gray-green sepals, often containing 1-4 small nuts. It has a mild aroma and a slightly bitter taste. Leaves that are abundant, dried, and free of impurities are preferred.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：唇形科植物防风草。
The plant species: Labiatae plant Schizonepeta tenuifolia (commonly known as Fangfengcao).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一至二年生直立草本，分枝，高1-2米，被茸毛。茎4棱。单叶对生，阔卵形至卵形，长4-10厘米，宽3-5厘米，先端渐尖或短尖，边缘有不规则的齿，基部近圆形，两面均有茸毛，具细小腺点；叶柄长1.5-3厘米。花轮生，在下部为腋生，在上部可排到顶端而成长总状花序，密生或间断，直径2.5厘米；萼浅绿色，管状，长7-8毫米；5裂；裂片三角状披针形，内外面均有短毛；花冠管状，长1.5厘米，粉红色，2唇，5裂齿，上唇直立，全缘，下唇阔，扩展，内面有短毛；雄蕊4枚，突出，花药连贴，其较长的一对为1室，较短的一对为2室，纵裂；雌蕊1，柱头2裂。小坚果4个，圆形，黑褐色，平滑。花期9-10月。果期12月至翌年1月。
A biennial erect herb, branching, 1-2 meters tall, covered with pubescence. Stem 4-angled. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate to ovate, 4-10 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, gradually acute or shortly pointed at the apex, irregularly toothed margins, nearly round at the base, pubescent on both sides, with small glandular dots; petiole 1.5-3 cm long. Flowers in whorls, axillary in the lower part, arranged in a terminal elongated raceme in the upper part, densely or intermittently, 2.5 cm in diameter; calyx light green, tubular, 7-8 mm long; 5 lobes; lobes triangular lanceolate, with short hairs on both sides; corolla tubular, 1.5 cm long, pink, 2-lipped, 5-lobed, upper lip erect, entire, lower lip broad, expanded, with short hairs on the inner surface; stamens 4, exserted, anthers connate, the longer pair with 1 locule, the shorter pair with 2 locules, longitudinally split; pistil 1, with 2-lobed stigma. Nutlets 4, round, black-brown, smooth. Flowering period from September to October. Fruiting period from December to January of the following year.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于江西、浙江、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南及西藏。
Distributed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于荒地、旷野、树边草丛中。
Born in wasteland, wilderness, by the trees and grass.