苦马豆，中药名。为豆科植物苦马豆SwainsoniasalsulaTaub.的果实或枝叶。具有利尿，消肿的功效。主治水肿，小便不利，臌胀。
Ku-ma-dou, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the fruit or branches and leaves of the leguminous plant Swainsonia salsula Taub. It has the functions of diuresis and reducing swelling. It is used to treat edema, urinary difficulties, and bloating.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

利尿，消肿。主治
Diuretic, reduce swelling. Mainly used for治疗.

水肿，小便不利，臌胀。用法用量
Edema, difficult urination, and abdominal distension. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，全草9-15g，果实20-30枚；或浸酒。化学成分
Internal administration: Decoction, 9-15g of the whole plant, 20-30 fruits; or soak in alcohol. Chemical composition.

1、全株含异鼠李素-3-芸香糖甙，苦马豆素，β-谷甾醇，6-甲氧基-7-羟基香豆精，总黄酮甙。2、地上部分含苦马豆碱，麦角碱。药理作用

1. The whole plant contains taxiphyllin-3-xylopyranoside, quassin, β-sitosterol, 6-methoxy-7-hydroxy coumarin, and total flavonoids.2. The aerial parts contain strychnine and brucine. Pharmacological effects.

降压作用：给麻醉的犬、猫、大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠，分別静脉注射苦豆总黄酬甙5mg/kg、10mg/kg、15mg/kg、5mg/kg后均有显著的降压作用，给清醒免静脉注射20mg/kg后血压也立即下降。降压特点是起效快、持续时间短。降压机制与交感神经节阻断作用和直接扩张血管作用有关。血流动力学实验表明，苦马豆总黄酮甙对心肌收缩力和心率均无明显影响。由于外周扩血管作用而使总外周阻力明显降低。相关论述
Hypotensive effect: Intravenous injection of total flavonoids of Sophora flavescens at doses of 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, and 15mg/kg in anesthetized dogs, cats, and rats, as well as spontaneously hypertensive rats, all showed significant hypotensive effects. Even when administered at 20mg/kg to conscious animals without intravenous anesthesia, blood pressure immediately decreased. The hypotensive characteristics include rapid onset and short duration of action. The hypotensive mechanism is related to its actions of blocking sympathetic ganglia and directly dilating blood vessels. Hemodynamic experiments have shown that total flavonoids of Sophora flavescens have no significant effects on myocardial contractility and heart rate. The significant reduction in total peripheral resistance is due to its peripheral vasodilation effects.

1、《陕甘宁青中草药选》：“利尿。主治肝硬化腹水，血管神经性水肿，慢性肝炎浮肿。”2、《沙漠地区药用植物》：“补肾，利尿，消肿，固精，止血。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Selected Herbs from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai: Diuretic. Used for treating ascites in liver cirrhosis, vascular neurogenic edema, and edema in chronic hepatitis."2. "Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas: Tonify the kidneys, diuretic, reduce swelling, consolidate essence, and stop bleeding." Clinical applications and relevant combinations.

1、治心性、肾性水肿：苦马豆干全草1.5-9g（鲜品15-60g），水煎，分2次服，每日1剂。也可取苦马豆的果实20g，浸泡在40度的小麦酒100ml中，每次服10-20ml。（《全国中草药汇编》）2、治肾炎：苦马豆全草（鲜）30g，艾叶、荆芥各12g。水煎服。3、治肝硬化腹水，慢性肝炎浮肿：苦马豆果实30个。加水600ml，煎至300ml，每日2次，每次100ml。（2-3方出自《沙漠地区药用植物》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment of cardiac and renal edema: Dry whole herb of Sophora flavescens 1.5-9g (fresh herb 15-60g), decocted in water, divided into 2 doses, taken once daily. Alternatively, take 20g of the fruit of Sophora flavescens, soak it in 100ml of wheat wine at 40 degrees Celsius, and take 10-20ml each time. (From "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines")2. Treatment of nephritis: Fresh whole herb of Sophora flavescens 30g, Artemisia leaf 12g, Schizonepeta herb 12g. Decoct in water and take orally.3. Treatment of ascites in liver cirrhosis and edema in chronic hepatitis: 30 fruits of Sophora flavescens. Add 600ml of water, decoct until the volume reduces to 300ml, take twice daily, 100ml each time. (The second and third prescriptions are from "Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

秋季采收，晒干。药材鉴别 药材性状
Harvest in autumn and sun-dry. Identify the medicinal herbs and their properties.

1、果实：呈卵球形或长圆球形，长1.5-3cm，直径1.5-2cm，果柄较长。表面黄白色，较光滑。果皮膜质而脆，内有多数种子。种子肾状圆形，表面棕褐色，长约1.5mm。2、小枝：圆柱形，羽状复叶，小叶多脱落，小叶片长椭圆形，先端钝或微凹，全缘。气微，味苦。植物学信息 植物种属

1. Fruit: Oval or oblong in shape, 1.5-3cm long, 1.5-2cm in diameter, with a relatively long stalk. The surface is yellow-white and relatively smooth. The fruit skin is membranous and brittle, containing numerous seeds. The seeds are kidney-shaped, brownish on the surface, and about 1.5mm long.2. Twigs: Cylindrical, pinnately compound leaves, with many leaflets that tend to fall off. The leaflets are elongated elliptical, with blunt or slightly concave tips and entire margins. The plant has a mild aroma and a bitter taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

豆科苦马豆属苦马豆。形态特征
The bitter horsebean belongs to the bitter horsebean genus in the Leguminosae family. Its morphological characteristics include:

矮小灌木，高20-100cm。全株疏生短伏毛。奇数羽状复叶，互生；小叶13-21，小叶片倒卵状椭圆形或长椭圆形，长5-15mm，宽3-6mm，先端钝圆或微凹，基部宽楔形，上面无毛，背面有白色伏毛；小叶柄极短；托叶披针形。总状花序腋生，花4-9，疏生，淡红色，长约12mm；萼杯状，5齿，被白毛；旗瓣圆形，先端凹，基部有爪，两侧外卷，翼瓣顶尖，具耳，龙骨瓣长于翼瓣；雄蕊10，二体；子房具柄，有柔毛。荚果膜质，黄白色，长圆形，有长柄，表面光滑。种子肾状圆形，褐色。花期4-5月，果期7-8月。分布区域
A small shrub, 20-100cm tall. The entire plant sparsely covered with short appressed hairs. Odd-pinnate compound leaves, alternate; with 13-21 leaflets, which are inverted egg-shaped or elongated oval, 5-15mm long, 3-6mm wide, bluntly rounded or slightly concave at the tip, broadly wedge-shaped at the base, hairless on the upper surface, with white appressed hairs on the lower surface; leaflets with very short petioles; stipules lanceolate. Racemes axillary, with 4-9 flowers, sparsely hairy, pale red, about 12mm long; calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed, covered with white hairs; standard petal circular, concave at the tip, clawed at the base, with both sides curled outwards, keel petal pointed at the top, with ears, longer than the wing petals; stamens 10, diadelphous; ovary stalked, with soft hairs. Pods membranous, yellowish-white, elongated oval, with a long stalk, smooth surface. Seeds kidney-shaped, brown. Flowering period from April to May, fruiting period from July to August. Distribution area.

分布于东北、华北、西北及河南等地。道地产区
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, and Henan Province, among other regions. Authentic production areas.

主产于陕西、甘肃、河北等地。自产自销。生长环境
Mainly produced in Shaanxi, Gansu, Hebei, etc. Self-produced and self-sold. Growing environment.

生于海拔300-600m的河边、沟旁、地埂、沙质土地和盐碱地上。
It grows on riverbanks, ditches, ridges, sandy soil, and saline-alkali land at an altitude of 300-600 meters.