黄果茄，中药名。为茄科植物黄果茄SolanumxanthocarpumSchradetWendl.的根、果实及种子。具有祛风湿，消瘀止痛之功效。用于风湿痹痛，牙痛，睾丸肿痛，痈疖。
Huang-guo-jia, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the root, fruit, and seeds of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad et Wendl, a plant in the Solanaceae family. It has the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, and relieving pain caused by blood stasis. It is used for rheumatic arthralgia, toothache, testicular swelling and pain, and carbuncle.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风湿，消瘀止痛。
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation to remove stasis, and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，牙痛，睾丸肿痛，痈疖。
Used for rheumatic arthralgia, toothache, testicular swelling and pain, and furuncles.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。外用：适量，涂擦或研末敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g. External use: Appropriate amount, apply topically or as a powder for poultice.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

全草醇提取物及生物碱皂甙部分有强心作用。对离体蛙心、猫心房或心室肌、乳头肌在一定浓度时，能增强其收缩及张力，但如浓度过高，反降低其收缩力。对完整犬的心房及心室，也能增强其收缩振幅，血压亦有逐步的升高。长期用药可显著降低鼠肺及支气管中组织胺含量，而对皮肤、胃的组织胺有轻度上升；糖生物碱2mg/kg腹腔注射2星期，对受鸡蛋清致敏的豚鼠有保护作用。对支气管病人的治疗作用可能由于其使支气管及肺中的组织胺耗竭有关；此外其中所含的无机硝酸盐成分也有某些祛痰作用。粗提取物、叶茎的醇提取物、树脂性成分同样具有一定释放组织胺的作用。
The whole herb ethanol extract and alkaloid saponin fraction have positive inotropic effects. At certain concentrations, they can enhance the contraction and tension of isolated frog hearts, cat atrial or ventricular muscles, and papillary muscles. However, at high concentrations, they may reduce the contractile force. They can also increase the contractile amplitude of intact dog atria and ventricles, gradually raising blood pressure. Long-term use significantly reduces histamine levels in the lungs and bronchi of mice, while causing a slight increase in histamine levels in the skin and stomach. Intraperitoneal injection of 2mg/kg of sugar alkaloids for two weeks has a protective effect on guinea pigs sensitized with egg white. The therapeutic effect on bronchial patients may be related to the depletion of histamine in the bronchi and lungs. In addition, the inorganic nitrate components contained in them also have certain expectorant effects. Crude extracts, ethanol extracts of stems and leaves, and resinous components also have certain histamine-releasing effects.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《福建药物志》：“利湿，消肿，止痛。治风湿性关节痛、睾丸炎、牙痛。”
"Fujian Materia Medica": "Dampness-expelling, swelling-reducing, pain-relieving. Used to treat rheumatic joint pain, orchitis, and toothache."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治手足麻痹，风湿性关节炎：黄果茄鲜根60-90g。炖母鸡服。

1. For treating paralysis of the limbs and rheumatoid arthritis: Fresh roots of Solanum indicum (Huangguoqie) 60-90g. Stew with hen and consume.

2、治牙痛：黄果茄干根15g。水煎服，或煎浓汤漱口。
2. For treating toothache: Dried roots of Solanum indicum (Huangguoqie) 15g. Decoction for oral administration, or use as a concentrated decoction for gargling.

3、治睾丸炎：黄果茄干根7株，马鞭草根5株，灯笼草根7株，合猪腰子炖服；合青壳鸡蛋炖服亦可。
3. For treating orchitis: Dried roots of Solanum indicum (Huangguoqie) 7 pieces, roots of Tribulus terrestris (Mabiancao) 5 pieces, roots of Physalis angulata (Denglongcao) 7 pieces, stew together with pig's kidney for consumption; can also be stewed with a Qingke chicken egg.

4、治头部发疮：黄果茄鲜果，切成两半，擦患处。
4. For treating scalp sores: Fresh fruits of Solanum indicum (Huangguoqie), cut in half, and apply to the affected area.

5、治脓头：黄果茄子，置新瓦上焙干研末撒患处。（1-5方出自福建晋江《中草药手册》）
5. For treating abscesses: Solanum indicum (Huangguoqie) fruit, place on a new tile to dry, grind into powder, and sprinkle on the affected area. (Prescriptions 1–5 are from the 'Chinese Herbal Manual' in Jinjiang, Fujian.)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：根：夏、秋采收；果实：秋、冬采，洗净，晒干或鲜用。
Harvesting and processing: Roots are harvested in summer and autumn; fruits in autumn and winter, washed, sun-dried or used fresh.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：根呈不规则圆柱形，多扭曲，有分枝，长达30cm，直径0.7-5cm。表面灰黄色或棕黄色，粗糙，可见突起细根痕及斑点，皮薄，有的剥落，剥落处显淡黄色。质硬，断面淡黄色或黄白色，纤维性。惟茎的皮刺密生，细直，长5-20mm。
Medicinal properties: The roots are irregularly cylindrical, often twisted and branched, reaching up to 30cm in length and 0.7-5cm in diameter. The surface is grayish-yellow or brownish-yellow, rough, with visible protrusions, fine root marks, and spots. The skin is thin, some peeling off, revealing a light yellow color underneath. The texture is hard, with a light yellow or yellowish-white fibrous cross-section. The stem is densely covered with fine straight thorns, ranging from 5-20mm in length.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：茄科植物黄果茄。
Plant species: Solanum indicum L., a plant in the Solanaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

直立草本或匍匐草本，高50-70cm。有时基部木质化，植株各部均被星状绒毛和细长的针状皮刺。单叶互生；叶柄长2-3.5cm；叶片卵状长圆形，长4-6cm，宽3-4.5cm，先端尖或钝，基部近心形或偏斜，边缘深波状或深裂。聚伞花序腋外生，通常3-5花；萼钟形，5裂，外面有小刺；花冠辐状，蓝紫色，5裂，裂瓣卵状三角形，外被绒毛；雄蕊5；子房卵形圆形，花柱纤细，柱头截形。浆果球形，直径1.3-1.9cm。初时绿色并具深绿色条纹，成熟后则变为淡黄色；种子近肾形，扁平。花期冬至夏季，果熟期夏、秋季。
It is an upright or prostrate herbaceous plant, 50-70cm tall. Sometimes the base becomes woody, and the entire plant is covered with star-shaped hairs and slender needle-like prickles. The leaves are alternate; petioles are 2-3.5cm long; leaf blades are ovate-oblong, 4-6cm long, 3-4.5cm wide, with pointed or blunt tips, nearly cordate or oblique bases, and deeply wavy or deeply lobed margins. The umbel inflorescences are axillary, usually with 3-5 flowers; the calyx is bell-shaped, 5-lobed, with small prickles on the outside; the corolla is radiate, blue-purple, 5-lobed, with lobes ovate-triangular and covered with hairs; there are 5 stamens; the ovary is ovoid to round, with a slender style and truncate stigma. The berries are spherical, with a diameter of 1.3-1.9cm. They are initially green with dark green stripes, turning pale yellow when ripe; the seeds are nearly kidney-shaped and flattened. The flowering period is from winter to summer, and the fruiting period is in summer and autumn.

分布区域 Distribution Area

星散分布于福建、台湾、湖北、海南、四川、云南等地。
Scattered distribution in Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生长于村边、路旁、荒地及干旱河谷沙滩上。
It grows on the outskirts of villages, along roads, in wastelands, and on sandy beaches in arid river valleys.