泡桐，中药名。为玄参科泡桐属植物白花泡桐Paulowniafortunei(Seem.)Hemsl.及毛泡桐Paulowniatomentosa(Thunb.)Steud.的树皮、根、花、叶。白花泡桐分布于长江以南各省，陕西，山东，河南等地引种栽培，毛泡桐分布于辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、河南、湖北等地。具有祛风，解毒，消肿，止痛，化痰止咳之功效。用于筋骨疼痛，疮疡肿毒，红崩白带，气管炎。
Pao-tong, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the bark, roots, flowers, and leaves of the plants Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl. and Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. of the genus Paulownia in the family Scrophulariaceae. Paulownia fortunei is distributed in provinces south of the Yangtze River, as well as in Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, and other places where it is cultivated. Paulownia tomentosa is found in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, and other regions. It is known for its effects in dispelling wind, detoxification, reducing swelling, relieving pain, and resolving phlegm and cough. It is used for conditions such as bone and joint pain, ulcerous swellings, abnormal uterine bleeding, leukorrhea, and tracheitis.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

祛风，解毒，消肿，止痛，化痰止咳。主治
Dispelling wind, detoxifying, reducing swelling, relieving pain, resolving phlegm, and stopping cough. Mainly used for治疗。

用于筋骨疼痛，疮疡肿毒，红崩白带，气管炎。用法用量
Used for muscle and bone pain, swelling and toxicity of sores and ulcers, red bleeding and white discharge, and tracheitis. Dosage and administration.

根、果均为15-60g，内服，煎汤。药理作用
Roots and fruits are both taken orally at a dosage of 15-60g, decocted in water. They have pharmacological effects.

1、抗气道炎症作用。2、抗炎，镇痛，增强免疫，降低血糖作用。相关论述

1. Anti-inflammatory effect on the respiratory tract.2. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immune-enhancing, and blood sugar-lowering effects. Relevant discussions.

《本经》：“主五痔，杀三虫。”临床应用 临床应用
"The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic states: 'It treats five types of hemorrhoids and kills three types of parasites.' Clinical application."

用于治疗急性肩周炎肿痛，无名肿毒，痈疮，痔疮，流行性腮腺炎和跌打损伤等。相关配伍
Used for treating acute shoulder periarthritis with swelling and pain, unknown swelling and toxicity, abscesses, hemorrhoids, epidemic parotitis, and contusions. Related compatibility.

1、痈疮，疽，痔瘘，恶疮：泡桐皮水煎敷之。（《普济方》）2、跌仆损伤：泡桐树皮（去青留白）。醋炒捣敷。（《濒湖集简方》）3、治寒痹疼痛：老泡桐树皮500g，煎水去渣，趁热拌入麦麸皮500g，热敷患处，凉了再换。4、治痄腮：泡桐花24g，白糖30g，水煎服。（3-4方出自《新编中草药图谱及常用配方5》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For boils, ulcers, hemorrhoids, and malignant sores: apply a decoction of paulownia bark topically. (From "Puji Fang")2. For falls and injuries: use paulownia bark (remove the green part, leaving the white part). Fry it with vinegar, mash it, and apply topically. (From "Binhu Jijian Fang")3. For treating cold-induced pain and numbness: take 500g of aged paulownia bark, decoct it in water, remove the residue, mix it with 500g of wheat bran while hot, apply the mixture to the affected area while warm, and change it when it cools down.4. For treating mumps: take 24g of paulownia flowers, 30g of white sugar, decoct in water, and take orally. (The third and fourth remedies are from "New Compilation of Illustrated Chinese Herbal Medicine and Common Formulas 5") Processing and preparation: harvesting and processing.

根秋季采挖，果夏季采收。药材鉴别 药材性状
Roots are harvested in autumn, while fruits are harvested in summer. Medicinal materials identification and properties of medicinal materials.

树皮：表面灰褐色，有不规则纵裂，小枝有明显的皮孔，常具黏质短腺毛。味淡，微甜。根：呈圆柱形，长短不等，直径约2cm，表面灰褐色至棕褐色，粗糙，有明显的皱纹与纵沟，具横裂纹及突起的侧根裂痕。质坚硬，不易折断，断面不整齐，皮部棕色或淡棕色，木部宽广，黄白色，显纤维性，有多数孔洞（导管）及放射状纹理。气微，味微苦。花：（1）白花泡桐：花长7-12cm。花萼灰褐色，长2-2.5cm，质厚，裂片被柔毛，内表面较密；花冠白色，干者外面灰黄色至灰棕色，密被毛茸，内面色浅，腹部具紫色斑点，筒部毛茸稀少。气微香、味微苦。（2）毛泡桐：花长4-7cm；花萼较小，长约1.2cm；花冠紫红色，干者灰棕色，内面紫色斑点众多。果：（1）泡桐果：蒴果倒卵形或长椭圆形，长6-10cm，表面粗糙，有类圆形疣状点，近先端处灰黄色，系星状毛；果皮厚3-6mm，木质；宿萼5浅裂。种子长6-10mm。气微，味微甘苦。（2）毛泡桐果：蒴果卵圆形，长3-4.5cm，直径2-3cm，表面红褐色至黑褐色，常有粘质腺毛，先端尖嘴状，长6-8mm，基部圆形，自顶至基部两侧各有棱线1条，常易沿棱线裂成2瓣；内表面淡棕色，光滑而有光泽，各有1纵隔。果皮革质，厚约0.5-1mm。宿萼5中裂呈五角星形，裂片卵状三角形。果梗扭曲，长2-3cm。种子多数，着生在半圆形肥厚的中轴上，细小，扁而有翅，长2.5-4mm，气微，味微甘，苦。均以个大，开裂少，带宿萼者为佳。植物学信息 植物种属
Bark: The surface is grayish-brown with irregular longitudinal cracks, and the small branches have obvious lenticels, often with sticky short glandular hairs. It has a mild, slightly sweet taste. Root: It is cylindrical in shape, varying in length, with a diameter of about 2cm. The surface is grayish-brown to brown, rough, with distinct wrinkles and longitudinal grooves, as well as transverse cracks and raised lateral root scars. It is hard and not easily broken, with an uneven cross-section. The bark is brown or light brown, the wood is broad, yellowish-white, fibrous, with numerous pores (ducts) and radial grain patterns. It has a slight odor and a slightly bitter taste. Flower: (1) White Empress Tree: The flowers are 7-12cm long. The sepals are grayish-brown, 2-2.5cm long, thick in texture, with soft hairs on the lobes, denser on the inner surface; the corolla is white, with a grayish-yellow to grayish-brown outer surface in dried flowers, densely covered with hairs, lighter on the inner surface, with purple spots on the abdomen, and sparsely hairy in the tube. It has a slightly fragrant smell and a slightly bitter taste. (2) Red Empress Tree: The flowers are 4-7cm long; the sepals are smaller, about 1.2cm long; the corolla is purple-red, grayish-brown in dried flowers, with numerous purple spots on the inner surface. Fruit: (1) Empress Tree Fruit: The capsule is inverted egg-shaped or elongated, 6-10cm long, rough on the surface, with wart-like dots, grayish-yellow near the apex, and star-shaped hairs; the fruit peel is 3-6mm thick, woody; the persistent calyx has 5 shallow lobes. The seeds are 6-10mm long. It has a slight odor and a slightly sweet and bitter taste. (2) Red Empress Tree Fruit: The capsule is oval, 3-4.5cm long, 2-3cm in diameter, reddish-brown to blackish-brown on the surface, often with sticky glandular hairs, beak-like at the tip, 6-8mm long, round at the base, with a single ridge on each side from top to base, often easily splitting into 2 lobes along the ridge; the inner surface is light brown, smooth and glossy, with a longitudinal septum. The fruit peel is leathery, about 0.5-1mm thick. The persistent calyx has 5 lobes forming a pentastar shape, with each lobe being ovate-triangular. The fruit stalk is twisted, 2-3cm long. There are numerous seeds, attached to a semi-circular thick central axis, small, flat with wings, 2.5-4mm long, with a slight odor and a slightly sweet, bitter taste. It is best to choose larger fruits with less cracking and persistent calyx. Botanical information: Plant species.

玄参科泡桐属植物白花泡桐及毛泡桐。形态特征
The Scrophulariaceae family includes the plants White Paulownia and Hairy Paulownia. Here are their morphological characteristics.

1、白花泡桐又名：白桐、椅桐、黄桐、白花桐、花桐、白花泡桐、泡树、大果泡桐、华桐、火筒木、沙桐彭、笛螺木、饭桐子、通心条。乔木高达30米，树冠圆锥形，主干直，胸径可达2米，树皮灰褐色；幼枝、叶、花序各部和幼果均被黄褐色星状绒毛，但叶柄、叶片上面和花梗渐变无毛。叶片长卵状心脏形，有时为卵状心脏形，长达20厘米，顶端长渐尖或锐尖头，其凸尖长达2厘米，新枝上的叶有时2裂，下面有星毛及腺，成熟叶片下面密被绒毛，有时毛很稀疏至近无毛；叶柄长达12厘米。花序枝几无或仅有短侧枝，故花序狭长几成圆柱形，长约25厘米，小聚伞花序有花3-8朵，总花梗几与花梗等长，或下部者长于花梗，上部者略短于花梗；萼倒圆锥形，长2-2.5厘米，花后逐渐脱毛，分裂至1/4或1/3处，萼齿卵圆形至三角状卵圆形，至果期变为狭三角形；花冠管状漏斗形，白色仅背面稍带紫色或浅紫色，长8-12厘米，管部在基部以上不突然膨大，而逐渐向上扩大，稍稍向前曲，外面有星状毛，腹部无明显纵褶，内部密布紫色细斑块；雄蕊长3-3.5厘米，有疏腺；子房有腺，有时具星毛，花柱长约5.5厘米。蒴果长圆形或长圆状椭圆形，长6-10厘米，顶端之喙长达6毫米，宿萼开展或漏斗状，果皮木质，厚3-6毫米；种子连翅长6-10毫米。花期3-4月，果期7-8月。2、毛泡桐又名：紫花桐、冈桐、锈毛泡桐、日本泡桐。乔木高达20米，树冠宽大伞形，树皮褐灰色；小枝有明显皮孔，幼时常具粘质短腺毛。叶片心脏形，长达40厘米，顶端锐尖头，全缘或波状浅裂，上面毛稀疏，下面毛密或较疏，老叶下面的灰褐色树枝状毛常具柄和3-12条细长丝状分枝，新枝上的叶较大，其毛常不分枝，有时具粘质腺毛；叶柄常有粘质短腺毛。花序枝的侧枝不发达，长约中央主枝之半或稍短，故花序为金字塔形或狭圆锥形，长一般在50厘米以下，少有更长，小聚伞花序的总花梗长1-2厘米，几与花梗等长，具花3-5朵；萼浅钟形，长约1.5厘米，外面绒毛不脱落，分裂至中部或裂过中部，萼齿卵状长圆形，在花中锐头或稍钝头至果中钝头；花冠紫色，漏斗状钟形，长5-7.5厘米，在离管基部约5毫米处弓曲，向上突然膨大，外面有腺毛，内面几无毛，檐部2唇形，直径约小5厘米；雄蕊长达2.5厘米；子房卵圆形，有腺毛，花柱短于雄蕊。蒴果卵圆形，幼时密生粘质腺毛，长3-4.5厘米，宿萼不反卷，果皮厚约1毫米；种子连翅长约2.5-4毫米。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。分布区域

1. The Chinese catalpa, also known as white catalpa, chair catalpa, yellow catalpa, white flower catalpa, flower catalpa, white flower Chinese catalpa, Chinese catalpa, large-fruited Chinese catalpa, Chinese catalpa, firewood, sand catalpa, Peng catalpa, trumpet tree, rice catalpa, and heartwood. It is a tall tree that can grow up to 30 meters high, with a conical crown, a straight trunk, and a diameter of up to 2 meters. The tree bark is gray-brown; the young branches, leaves, flower clusters, and young fruits are covered with yellow-brown star-shaped hairs, but the petioles, upper leaf surfaces, and flower stalks gradually become hairless. The leaves are long ovate-heart-shaped, sometimes ovate-heart-shaped, up to 20 centimeters long, with a gradually tapering or sharply pointed tip, and a prominent tip up to 2 centimeters long. The leaves on new branches are sometimes bifurcated, with star-shaped hairs and glands on the undersides, while mature leaves are densely covered with hairs on the undersides, sometimes sparsely hairy to nearly hairless; petioles can be up to 12 centimeters long. The flower clusters have few or only short lateral branches, so the flower clusters are narrow and almost cylindrical, about 25 centimeters long, with 3-8 flowers in each small umbel, and the total flower stalks are almost equal in length to the individual flower stalks, or the lower ones are longer than the flower stalks, and the upper ones are slightly shorter than the flower stalks; the calyx is inverted conical, 2-2.5 centimeters long, gradually becoming hairless after flowering, splitting to about 1/4 or 1/3 of the way down, with calyx teeth ranging from oval to triangular-ovate, becoming narrow triangular at the fruiting stage; the corolla is tubular-funnel-shaped, white with a slight purple or light purple tinge on the back, 8-12 centimeters long, with the tube gradually expanding above the base rather than abruptly enlarging, slightly curving forward, with star-shaped hairs on the outside, no distinct longitudinal folds on the abdomen, and densely covered with purple fine spots on the inside; stamens are 3-3.5 centimeters long, with sparse glands; the ovary has glands, sometimes with star-shaped hairs, and the style is about 5.5 centimeters long. The capsule is oblong or oblong-elliptic, 6-10 centimeters long, with a beak at the tip up to 6 millimeters long, the persistent calyx spreading or funnel-shaped, the fruit skin woody, 3-6 millimeters thick; the seeds with wings are 6-10 millimeters long. The flowering period is March-April, and the fruiting period is July-August.2. The hairy catalpa, also known as purple flower catalpa, ridge catalpa, rusty hairy catalpa, and Japanese catalpa. It is a tall tree that can grow up to 20 meters high, with a wide umbrella-shaped crown and brownish-gray bark; the small branches have obvious lenticels and are often covered with sticky short glandular hairs when young. The leaves are heart-shaped, up to 40 centimeters long, with a sharp pointed tip, entire or shallowly lobed, sparsely hairy on the upper surface, and densely or sparsely hairy on the lower surface, with the gray-brown twig-like hairs on the undersides of old leaves often having stalks and 3-12 slender filamentous branches, the leaves on new branches are larger, with hairs often unbranched, sometimes with sticky glandular hairs; leaf stalks often have sticky short glandular hairs. The lateral branches of the flower clusters are undeveloped, about half or slightly shorter than the central main branch, so the flower clusters are pyramid-shaped or narrowly conical, generally less than 50 centimeters long, with few longer ones, the total flower stalks of the small umbel flower clusters are 1-2 centimeters long, almost equal in length to the individual flower stalks, with 3-5 flowers; the calyx is shallowly bell-shaped, about 1.5 centimeters long, with persistent hairs on the outside, splitting to the middle or beyond, with calyx teeth ovate-oblong, acute or slightly obtuse in the flowers and obtuse in the fruits; the corolla is purple, funnel-shaped bell-shaped, 5-7.5 centimeters long, curved at about 5 millimeters from the base of the tube, suddenly enlarging upwards, with glandular hairs on the outside, almost hairless on the inside, with a lip diameter of about 5 centimeters; stamens up to 2.5 centimeters long; ovary ovate, with glandular hairs, and the style shorter than the stamens. The capsule is ovate, densely covered with sticky glandular hairs when young, 3-4.5 centimeters long, with the persistent calyx not curling back, and a fruit skin about 1 millimeter thick; the seeds with wings are about 2.5-4 millimeters long. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is August-September. Distribution area.

1、白花泡桐分布于长江以南各省，陕西，山东，河南等地引种栽培。2、毛泡桐分布于辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、河南、湖北等地。生长环境

1. White catalpa is distributed in various provinces south of the Yangtze River, as well as in Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, and other places where it is introduced and cultivated.2. Hairy catalpa is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, and other regions. It grows in diverse environments.

白花泡桐生于低海拔的山坡、林中、山谷及荒地，野生或栽培。
The Paulownia tomentosa grows in low-altitude mountain slopes, forests, valleys, and wastelands, either in the wild or cultivated.