苦蘵果实，中药名。为茄科植物苦蘵PhysalisangulataL.的果实。分布于我国华东、华中、华南及西南。具有解毒，利湿之功效。常用于牙痛，天疱疮，疔疮。
Ku-zhi-guo-shi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the fruit of Physalis angulata L.) is the fruit of the Solanaceae plant Physalis angulata L. It is distributed in East China, Central China, South China, and Southwest China. It has the functions of detoxification and dampness elimination. It is commonly used for toothache, pemphigus, and furuncle.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

解毒，利湿。
Detoxification and dampness elimination.

主治 Indications

牙痛，天疱疮，疔疮。
Toothache, oral ulcers, furuncles.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-9g。外用：适量，捣汁涂。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-9g. External use: Apply an appropriate amount of mashed juice.

注意事项 Precautions

《江西民间草药》：“孕妇忌服。”
"Jiangxi Folk Herbs": "Not suitable for pregnant women."

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《江西民间草药》：“治天疱疮。”
"Folk Herbs of Jiangxi": "Treating eczema."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治牙痛：苦蘵果含痛处。（《湖南药物志》）

1. For treating toothache: Crush bitter melon fruit and apply it to the painful area. (From "Hunan Materia Medica")

2、治天疱疮：苦蘵果实放瓷碗内杵烂，纱布包卷，绞取汁，搽患处。每日3-4次。（《江西民间草药》）
2. For treating herpes zoster: Crush bitter melon fruit, put it in a porcelain bowl, squeeze out the juice with gauze, and apply it to the affected area. Repeat 3-4 times daily. (From "Folk Herbal Medicine of Jiangxi")

3、治急性气管炎：苦蘵果实9g，甘草3g，牛蒡子、胖大海各15g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》）
3. For treating acute tracheitis: Use 9g of bitter melon fruit, 3g of licorice, 15g each of burdock fruit and fat sea. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Fujian Materia Medica")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季果实成熟时采收，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest the fruits when they are ripe in autumn, and use them fresh or dry them in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：带宿萼的果实膨大似灯笼状，压扁或皱缩，长至2.5cm，直径约1.5cm；宿萼膜质，表面淡黄绿色，具棱，有纵脉及细网纹，被细毛；质柔韧，中空或内有浆果。浆果类球形，直径5-8mm；表面淡黄绿色，内含多数种子。气微，味微甜、酸。以完整、色淡黄绿、内有果实者为佳。
The characteristic properties of the medicinal material: The fruit with persistent calyx swells like a lantern, flattened or wrinkled, up to 2.5cm long and approximately 1.5cm in diameter; the persistent calyx is membranous, pale yellow-green on the surface, with edges, longitudinal veins, fine reticulate veins, and covered with fine hairs; the texture is soft and tough, hollow or containing berries inside. The berry is spherical, with a diameter of 5-8mm; the surface is pale yellow-green, containing numerous seeds inside. It has a slight aroma, with a slightly sweet and sour taste. It is best to choose fruits that are intact, pale yellow-green in color, and containing fruit inside.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：茄科植物苦蘵。
Plant species: Solanum nigrum, a plant in the Solanaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，被疏短柔毛或近无毛，高常30-50厘米；茎多分枝，分枝纤细。叶柄长1-5厘米，叶片卵形至卵状椭圆形，顶端渐尖或急尖，基部阔楔形或楔形，全缘或有不等大的牙齿，两面近无毛，长3-6厘米，宽2-4厘米。花梗长约5-12毫米，纤细和花萼一样生短柔毛，长4-5毫米，5中裂，裂片披针形，生缘毛；花冠淡黄色，喉部常有紫色斑纹，长4-6毫米，直径6-8毫米；花药蓝紫色或有时黄色，长约1.5毫米。果萼卵球状，直径1.5-2.5厘米，薄纸质，浆果直径约1.2厘米。种子圆盘状，长约2毫米。花果期5-12月。
It is an annual herb, sparsely short-hairy or nearly hairless, usually 30-50 centimeters tall; stems are often branched, with slender branches. Leaf stalks are 1-5 centimeters long, leaf blades are ovate to ovate-elliptic, gradually pointed or acute at the tip, broadly wedge-shaped or wedge-shaped at the base, with entire margins or unevenly sized teeth, nearly hairless on both sides, 3-6 centimeters long and 2-4 centimeters wide. Flower stalks are about 5-12 millimeters long, slender and short-hairy like the calyx, which is 4-5 millimeters long, 5-lobed, with lanceolate lobes and hairy margins; corolla is pale yellow, often with purple markings in the throat, 4-6 millimeters long and 6-8 millimeters in diameter; anthers are blue-purple or sometimes yellow, about 1.5 millimeters long. Fruit calyx is ovoid, 1.5-2.5 centimeters in diameter, thin and papery, with berries about 1.2 centimeters in diameter. Seeds are disc-shaped, about 2 millimeters long. Flowering and fruiting period is from May to December.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于我国华东、华中、华南及西南。
Distributed in the eastern, central, southern, and southwestern regions of China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生长于山谷林下及村边路旁。
Growing in the valleys, under the forest canopy, and along the roadsides near villages.