净黄根:净制黄根
Jing-huang-gen: Huang-gen processed by cleaning.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

凉血止血，利湿退黄，散瘀强筋。主治
Cooling the blood to stop bleeding, promoting diuresis to reduce jaundice, and dispersing stasis to strengthen tendons. Used to treat...

牙龈出血，贫血，肝炎，风湿性关节炎，跌打损伤，尿路感染。用法用量
Gingival bleeding, anemia, hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, bruises, and urinary tract infections. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，10-30g。药理作用
Internal administration: Decoction, 10-30g. Pharmacological effects.

1、对心脏的作用：不同剂量（1g/100ml、1.5g/100ml、3.5g/100ml灌流液）的黄根均能降低正常离体大鼠心脏的心肌收缩力、冠脉流量和心率，并能削弱离体大鼠心脏对缺氧的耐受力。黄根抑制离体大鼠心脏功能的程度，随剂量递增或给药时间延长而加强，这种现象可能与黄根中含铝、锰量较高，在一定程度上能阻止细胞外钙慢通道内流，使细胞内钙浓度降低，进而抑制心肌收缩力有关。2、对呼吸系统的作用：酚红法试验证明，小鼠灌服黄根具有明显的祛痰作用。用0.3%磷酸组胺恒压喷雾引喘证明，给豚鼠腹腔注射和黄根醇提水溶物对动物的药物性引喘具有保护作用，且与氨茶碱相似。3、抗菌作用：研究证明用稀醇回流提取的黄根制剂，在体外平板法进行抗菌试验时，其抗菌率为72%，仅次于黄连素（80%）和链霉素（90%），但优于青霉素（55%）。对金黄色葡萄球菌、炭疽杆菌有高度抗菌作用；对乙型链球菌、肺炎链球菌、伤寒杆菌、白喉杆菌及福氏痢疾杆菌有中度抗菌作用。稀醇回流提取黄根制剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为1∶16，对炭疽杆菌的MIC为1∶32，对伤寒杆菌的MIC为1∶8。4、治疗矽肺：经动物实验和临床试验认为黄根对矽肺有治疗作用，可抗石英、石棉的溶血毒性，其中黄根抗温石棉的溶血作用比抗石英的溶血作用更强。兔肺泡巨噬细胞体外培养研究结果显示，黄根能保护巨噬细胞质膜和溶酶体膜，具有二氧化硅（SiO2）细胞毒作用。对大鼠矽肺模型腹腔注射黄根，治疗1、2、3个月的各组鼠肺外观实验观察，其病变明显较对照组减轻。电镜观察，对照组病变程度属Ⅱ-Ⅲ级，治疗组病变仅为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级，表现为肺间质纤维化较轻，结节稀少，外形小，持殊染色所见结节内胶原纤维很少。给实验性矽肺恒猴灌胃治疗6个月后，除肺部情况外，发现肝脏二氧化硅沉着少，结节数量少，程度轻，证明黄根在肝脏能保护肝的巨噬细胞，促进肝脏的异物排除，从而有效地抑制肝纤维的形成。黄根制剂具有轻度抑制肽链交联为胶原的作用，使胶原结构疏松。对黄根治疗动物实验性矽肺的有效成分研究表明，黄根60%乙醇提取液腹腔注射，对矽肺有明显疗效，但灌胃的疗效欠佳；黄根95%乙醇提取物和脂溶部分，对实验性矽肺无明显效果，但黄根60%乙醇提取物和水溶部分则有效；黄根中所含无机铝效果不明显，而铝的有机化合物可能是有效成分之一。毒理作用

1. Effects on the heart: Different doses (1g/100ml, 1.5g/100ml, 3.5g/100ml perfusate) of Scutellaria baicalensis can reduce the myocardial contractility, coronary flow, and heart rate of normal isolated rat hearts, and weaken the tolerance of isolated rat hearts to hypoxia. The degree to which Scutellaria baicalensis inhibits the cardiac function of isolated rat hearts increases with the dose or duration of administration. This phenomenon may be related to the high content of aluminum and manganese in Scutellaria baicalensis, which to a certain extent can block the extracellular calcium slow channel inward flow, reduce intracellular calcium concentration, and thereby inhibit myocardial contractility.2. Effects on the respiratory system: Phenol red method experiments have shown that oral administration of Scutellaria baicalensis to mice has a significant expectorant effect. Using 0.3% histamine phosphate constant pressure spray to induce asthma in guinea pigs, intraperitoneal injection of Scutellaria baicalensis alcohol extract aqueous solution has a protective effect on drug-induced asthma in animals, similar to aminophylline.3. Antibacterial effects: Studies have shown that Scutellaria baicalensis preparations extracted by refluxing with dilute alcohol have an antibacterial rate of 72% in in vitro plate method antibacterial tests, which is second only to berberine (80%) and erythromycin (90%), but better than penicillin (55%). It has a highly antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis; a moderate antibacterial effect on Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Shigella dysenteriae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the dilute alcohol reflux extract of Scutellaria baicalensis against Staphylococcus aureus is 1:16, against Bacillus anthracis is 1:32, and against Salmonella typhi is 1:8.4. Treatment of silicosis: Animal experiments and clinical trials suggest that Scutellaria baicalensis has a therapeutic effect on silicosis, can resist the hemolytic toxicity of quartz and asbestos, with a stronger hemolytic effect against warm asbestos than against quartz. In vitro culture of rabbit alveolar macrophages shows that Scutellaria baicalensis can protect the cytoplasmic membrane and lysosomal membrane of macrophages, and has a cytotoxic effect on silica (SiO2). Intraperitoneal injection of Scutellaria baicalensis in a rat silicosis model for 1, 2, and 3 months showed significantly reduced lesions compared to the control group. Electron microscopy observations showed that the degree of lesions in the control group was grade II-III, while in the treatment group, the lesions were only grade I-II, with less interstitial fibrosis, fewer nodules, smaller in size, and fewer collagen fibers seen in the nodules stained with special dyes. After intragastric administration of experimental silicosis in monkeys for 6 months, apart from the lung condition, it was found that there was less silica deposition and fewer nodules in the liver, with a milder degree, proving that Scutellaria baicalensis can protect the macrophages in the liver, promote the removal of foreign bodies from the liver, and effectively inhibit liver fibrosis. Scutellaria baicalensis preparations have a mild inhibitory effect on peptide chain cross-linking to collagen, making the collagen structure loose. Studies on the effective components of Scutellaria baicalensis in treating experimental silicosis in animals have shown that intraperitoneal injection of 60% ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis has a significant therapeutic effect on silicosis, but the effect of intragastric administration is not ideal; the 95% ethanol extract and lipid-soluble fraction of Scutellaria baicalensis have no significant effect on experimental silicosis, but the 60% ethanol extract and water-soluble fraction are effective; the effect of the inorganic aluminum contained in Scutellaria baicalensis is not significant, while organic compounds of aluminum may be one of the effective components. Toxic effects.

本品长期使用毒副反应很小。少数患者用约后出现口干，白细胞的胞核不整，胞浆中出现空泡等现象。黄根对心脏有抑制作用，对于矽肺并有肺心病、心功能严重损害的患者，当病情改善、心肌缺氧状况缓解时，心脏功能恢复不理想，即应考虑黄根对心脏的抑制作用，此时即应酌情停药或减量。相关论述
This product has minimal toxic side effects with long-term use. A small number of patients may experience dry mouth, abnormal white blood cell nuclei, and the appearance of vacuoles in the cytoplasm after using it for a period of time. Huanggen has an inhibitory effect on the heart. For patients with silicosis complicated by cardiopulmonary disease and severe heart dysfunction, when the condition improves and myocardial hypoxia is relieved, the recovery of heart function may not be ideal. In this case, the inhibitory effect of Huanggen on the heart should be considered, and the medication should be stopped or reduced as appropriate.

1、《广西本草选编》：“祛瘀生新，强壮筋骨。”2、《全国中草药汇编》：“凉血止血，利湿退黄。主治白血病，再生障碍性贫血，牙龈出血，肝炎，尿路感染。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Guangxi Materia Medica Compilation": "Dispelling stasis generates new vitality, strengthening tendons and bones."2. "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines": "Cooling blood to stop bleeding, promoting diuresis to reduce edema. Used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, gingival bleeding, hepatitis, urinary tract infections." Clinical applications and related compatibility.

1、治地中海贫血，再生障碍性贫血：黄根30g。与猪骨炖汤，不加油盐，每日服2-3次。2、治风湿性关节炎，肝炎：黄根15-30g。水煎服。（1-2方出自《广西本草选编》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment for thalassemia and aplastic anemia: 30g of Huang Gen (Scutellaria baicalensis). Cook with pig bones to make a soup without adding oil or salt, and consume 2-3 times daily.2. Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis: 15-30g of Huang Gen (Scutellaria baicalensis). Prepare as a decoction and take orally. (The above information is from "Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica"). Processing and preparation: harvesting and processing.

全年均可采，洗净，切片，晒干。药材鉴别 药材性状
Harvest throughout the year, wash, slice, and dry in the sun. Medicinal material identification and properties.

根圆柱形，常呈不规则扭曲，有分枝，或切成不规则块片，长短厚薄不一，直径0.5-4cm。表面黄棕色，具纵皱纹，有的具纵裂纹。栓皮易脱落，脱落处显赭红色。质坚硬，不易折断，横断面皮部极薄，棕黄色，木部发达，土黄色，具细密的同心环纹及放射状纹理。气微，味淡。以根粗、色黄者为佳。植物学信息 植物种属
The roots are cylindrical, often irregularly twisted, branched, or cut into irregular pieces, varying in length, thickness, and diameter from 0.5-4cm. The surface is yellow-brown with longitudinal wrinkles, some with longitudinal fissures. The cork is easily peeled off, revealing a reddish-brown color underneath. The texture is hard, not easily broken, with a very thin bark layer on the cross-section, brownish-yellow, well-developed wood section, yellow-brown, with fine concentric rings and radial grain. It has a mild odor and taste. Roots that are thick and yellow in color are preferred. Botanical information about the plant species.

茜草科南山花属南山花。形态特征
The South African daisy belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It has distinctive morphological characteristics.

灌木，高1-3m。全株无毛。小枝四棱柱形，干后黄色。叶对生，薄革质；叶柄长5-10mm，上面有槽；托叶三角形，长2-3mm，先端急尖；叶片长椭圆形、椭圆状披针形或倒披针形，长7-15cm，宽2-5cm，先端渐尖，两面有光泽。伞形花序近枝顶腋生，有花数朵至多朵；总花梗短或近无；花芳香，具花梗，花梗长15-20（-30）mm，柔弱；花萼杯状，长约3mm，檐截平；花冠筒状，长2-2.5cm，裂片5（很少4），狭披针形，广展；花药不露出。核果近球形，直径约8mm，熟时黑紫色。花期4-5月。分布区域
Shrub, 1-3m tall. The whole plant is hairless. The small branches are four-angled, turning yellow when dry. Leaves are opposite, thin and leathery; leaf stalks are 5-10mm long, grooved on the upper side; stipules are triangular, 2-3mm long, sharply pointed at the tip; leaf blades are oblong, elliptic, or lanceolate, 7-15cm long, 2-5cm wide, gradually tapering at the tip, and glossy on both sides. Umbel inflorescences are borne in the axils near the branch tips, with several to many flowers; the peduncle is short or nearly absent; the flowers are fragrant, with slender pedicels, 15-20(-30)mm long; the calyx is cup-shaped, about 3mm long, with a flat rim; the corolla is tubular, 2-2.5cm long, with 5 (rarely 4) narrow lanceolate, widely spreading lobes; anthers are not exposed. The fruit is nearly spherical, about 8mm in diameter, turning black-purple when ripe. Flowering period is April to May. Distribution area.

分布于广东、海南、广西、云南等地。道地产区
Distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other regions. Authentic producing areas.

产于广东、海南、广西、云南等地。自产自销。生长环境
Originating from Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other regions. Self-produced and self-sold. Growing environment.

生于杂木林中。
Born in a mixed forest.