缅枣，中药名。为鼠李科枣属植物缅枣ZiziphusmauritianaLam.的树皮及果实。植物缅枣，分布于广东、广西、四川、云南，福建、台湾、海南有栽培。具有消热止痛，收敛止泻之功效。主治烧烫伤，咽喉痛，腹泻，痢疾。
Mian-zao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The bark and fruit of the plant Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., a member of the Rhamnaceae family. The plant Mian-zao is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan, and Hainan. It has the functions of clearing heat, relieving pain, and stopping diarrhea. It is used to treat burns, scalds, sore throat, diarrhea, and dysentery.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

消热止痛，收敛止泻。
Clear heat and relieve pain, astringe and stop diarrhea.

主治 Indications

烧烫伤，咽喉痛，腹泻，痢疾。
Burns, sore throat, diarrhea, dysentery.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-9g。外用：适量，浸酒涂。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-9g. External use: Appropriate amount, soaked in alcohol for topical application.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

1、兴奋子宫作用。

1. Excitatory effect on the uterus.

2、扩张血管，降低血压作用。
2. Vasodilation and blood pressure lowering effects.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《云南中草药》：“消炎止痛，收敛止泻。治烫火伤，肠炎，痢疾。”
"Yunnan Herbal Medicine": "Anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving, astringent and anti-diarrheal. Used to treat burns, enteritis, and dysentery."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治烫火伤，用酸枣皮9g，60度乙醇100ml，浸泡3d后取滤液。用时加温蒸发数分钟，冷却涂患处。（《云南中草药》）

1. To treat scalds and burns, use 9g of sour jujube peel and soak it in 100ml of 60-degree ethanol for 3 days, then filter the liquid. When using, heat and evaporate for a few minutes, then cool and apply to the affected area. (From "Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine")

2、治肠炎，痢疾，每用酸枣皮9g。煎服。（《云南中草药》）
2. To treat enteritis and dysentery, use 9g of sour jujube peel. Decoct and take orally. (From "Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采集树皮，除去外皮，晒干。果实成熟后采收，晒干。
Harvest and process: Collect the tree bark in autumn, remove the outer skin, and sun-dry it. Harvest the fruits when they are ripe, and sun-dry them.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：鼠李科枣属植物缅枣。
The Mianzao is a plant of the genus Ziziphus in the Rhamnaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

缅枣，别名滇刺枣《中国植物志》。常绿小乔木，高3-6m。树皮粗糙，红灰色。小枝有短柔毛，老枝紫红色，有2个托叶刺，1个斜上，另1个钩状下弯。叶互生；叶柄长约1cm，被柔毛；叶片纸质，卵形，长圆状椭圆形，长2.5-6cm，宽1.5-4.5cm，先端圆，稀锐尖，基部近圆形，稍偏斜，边缘具细锯齿，上面深绿色，无毛，有光泽，下面被黄白色绒毛；基生3出脉。短聚伞花序腋生，花黄绿色，两性，直径约4mm，短梗，萼筒和裂片密被黄柔毛，宿存；花瓣5，长圆状匙形，绿黄色，基部具爪；雄蕊5，与花瓣近等长；花盘厚，肉质，10裂，中央凹陷；子房上位，球形，2室，花柱2浅裂或半裂。核果长圆形或球形，长1-1.2cm，径约1cm，橙色或红色，熟时变黑色，基部有宿存的萼筒；果梗长5-7mm，被短柔毛，种子1-2颗；中果皮薄，木栓质，内果皮厚，硬革质。种子宽而扁，长6-7mm，红褐色，有光泽。花期8-11月，果期9-12月。
Mianzao, also known as Dian Cizao in "Flora of China", is an evergreen small tree, 3-6m tall. The bark is rough and reddish-gray. The twigs have short soft hairs, while the old branches are purplish-red, with 2 stipular spines, one slanting upwards and the other hook-shaped downwards. The leaves are alternate; petioles are about 1cm long, covered with soft hairs; leaf blades are papery, ovate, oblong-elliptic, 2.5-6cm long, 1.5-4.5cm wide, rounded or rarely acute at the apex, nearly circular at the base, slightly oblique, with finely serrated margins, dark green and glossy on the upper surface, hairless, and yellowish-white velvety underneath; with 3 basal veins. The short umbel inflorescences are axillary, with yellowish-green flowers, bisexual, about 4mm in diameter, short-stalked, calyx tube and lobes densely covered with yellow soft hairs, persistent; petals 5, oblong-spatulate, greenish-yellow, clawed at the base; stamens 5, nearly as long as the petals; disc thick, fleshy, 10-lobed, concave at the center; ovary superior, globose, 2-loculed, with 2 shallowly or half-cleft styles. The drupe is oblong or globose, 1-1.2cm long, about 1cm in diameter, orange or red, turning black when ripe, with persistent calyx at the base; fruit stalk 5-7mm long, covered with short soft hairs, containing 1-2 seeds; mesocarp thin, corky, endocarp thick, hard and leathery. Seeds are wide and flat, 6-7mm long, reddish-brown, glossy. Flowering occurs from August to November, and fruiting from September to December.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于广东、广西、四川、云南，福建、台湾、海南有栽培。
Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan, and Hainan, where it is also cultivated.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1800m以下的山坡、丘陵、河边湿润林中或灌丛中。
Born on slopes, hills, riverbanks, moist forests, or thickets below 1800 meters above sea level.