番木瓜，中药名。为番木瓜科植物番木瓜CaricapapayaL.的果实。现福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、云南等地有栽培。具有消食下乳，除湿通络，解毒驱虫之功效。常用于消化不良，胃、十二指肠溃疡疼痛，乳汁稀少，风湿痹痛，肢体麻木，湿疹，烂疮，肠道寄生虫病。
Fan-mu-gua, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the fruit of the Carica papaya L., a plant in the Caricaceae family. It is now cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other places. It is known for its effects in aiding digestion, dispelling dampness, promoting blood circulation, detoxification, and expelling parasites. It is commonly used for indigestion, stomach and duodenal ulcer pain, insufficient lactation, rheumatic pain, numbness in limbs, eczema, ulcers, and intestinal parasitic diseases.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

消食下乳，除湿通络，解毒驱虫。
Promoting digestion and lactation, eliminating dampness and promoting circulation, detoxifying and expelling parasites.

主治 Indications

消化不良，胃、十二指肠溃疡疼痛，乳汁稀少，风湿痹痛，肢体麻木，湿疹，烂疮，肠道寄生虫病。
Indigestion, stomach and duodenal ulcer pain, scanty breast milk, rheumatic pain, numbness in limbs, eczema, ulcers, intestinal parasitic diseases.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；或鲜品适量生食。外用：取汁涂；或研末撒。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g; or consume fresh in appropriate amount. External use: Apply the juice; or sprinkle the powdered form.

注意事项 Precautions

体质虚弱及脾胃虚寒的人，避免冰冷后食用。
People with weak constitution and spleen-stomach deficiency should avoid consuming cold food after exposure to cold temperatures.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、蛋白酶作用。

1. Proteolytic enzyme activity.

2、抗生育作用。
2. Contraceptive effect.

3、抗肿瘤作用。
3. Antitumor effect.

4、抗菌和抗寄生虫作用。
4. Antibacterial and antiparasitic effects.

5、抗氧化作用。
5. Antioxidant effect.

6、其他作用：延长血凝时间，对心脏有直接抑制作用；果实的浆汁对子宫有明显的加强收缩作用。
6. Other effects: Prolonging blood clotting time, directly inhibiting the heart; the juice of the fruit has a significant enhancing effect on uterine contractions.

7、毒性：对中枢神经有麻痹作用。
7. Toxicity: Paralytic effect on the central nervous system.

相关论述 Related Discussions

1、《植物名实图考》：“按《益都方物记》：修于泽叶，结实如缀，肤解核零，可用治痹，其形状亦颇类。但谓叶甚似桑，而不云子可食，姑附识备考。又《罗江县志》：石瓜一名冬瓜树，可治心痛云。”

1. "Illustrated Study of Plant Names and Realities": According to the "Yidu Fangwujij", the plant has leaves resembling those of the willow, with fruits clustered together, skin peeling off the core, and can be used to treat rheumatism. Its appearance is quite similar. However, it is said that the leaves are very similar to mulberry leaves, but there is no mention of whether the fruits are edible. Further research is needed. Also, according to the "Luojiang County Annals", the plant known as stone melon, also called winter melon tree, can treat heart pain.

2、《岭南采药录》：“万寿果，落叶木本。高至二十尺许。叶大掌状分裂。果实多汁，其形与甜瓜相似。产英德、清远等处。”
2. "Record of Medicinal Plants in Lingnan": The Longevity Fruit is a deciduous woody plant that can grow up to about twenty feet tall. Its large leaves are palmately divided. The fruit is juicy and resembles a sweet melon. It is found in Yingde, Qingyuan, and other places.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治胃病，消化不良：番木瓜生吃或煮食，或用干粉，每服3-6g，每日2次。（《食物中药与便方》）

1. Treating stomach problems and indigestion: Fresh or cooked papaya, or dried powder, 3-6g per dose, twice daily. (From "Food Medicine and Prescriptions")

2、治乳汁稀少：鲜番木瓜、韭菜各适量，煮服。（《全国中草药汇编》）
2. Treating insufficient breast milk: Fresh papaya and Chinese chives in appropriate amounts, boiled and consumed. (From "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine")

3、治远年烂脚：木冬瓜60g，土薏30g，猪脚1条。共煲服。（《陆川本草》）
3. Treating chronic foot sores: 60g winter melon, 30g coix seed, 1 pig's trotter. Boil together and consume. (From "Lu Chuan Materia Medica")

4、治婴儿湿疹：干燥未成熟的番木瓜，研细粉，撒布患部，每日2-3次。（《食物中药与便方》）
4. Treating infant eczema: Dry unripe papaya, finely ground into powder, apply to affected area 2-3 times daily. (From "Food Medicine and Prescriptions")

5、治绦虫、蛔虫等肠寄生病：番木瓜（未熟果）干粉，每次9g，早晨空腹服。（《食物中药与便方》）
5. Treating intestinal parasitic diseases such as tapeworms and roundworms: Dry powder of unripe papaya fruit, 9g per dose, taken on an empty stomach in the morning. (From "Food Medicine and Prescriptions")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收成熟果实，鲜用或切片晒干。
Harvest the ripe fruits in summer and autumn, use them fresh or slice them and sun-dry.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：浆果较大，长圆或矩圆形，长15-35cm，直径7-12cm，成熟时棕黄或橙黄色，有10条浅纵槽，果肉厚，黄色，有白色浆汁，内壁着生多数黑色种子，椭圆形，外方包有多浆、淡黄色假种皮，长6-7mm，直径4-5mm，种皮棕黄色，具网状突起。气特，味微甘。
The berries are relatively large, elongated or rectangular, 15-35cm long and 7-12cm in diameter. When ripe, they are brownish-yellow or orange-yellow, with 10 shallow longitudinal grooves. The flesh is thick, yellow, with white pulp juice, and numerous black seeds are attached to the inner wall, elliptical in shape. The outer layer is covered with a pulpy, pale yellow false seed coat, 6-7mm long and 4-5mm in diameter, with a brownish-yellow color and a reticulate surface. The taste is slightly sweet.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：番木瓜科植物番木瓜。
Caricaceae plant, papaya.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

常绿软木质小乔木，高达8-10m，具乳汁；茎不分枝或有时于损伤处分枝，具螺旋状排列的托叶痕。叶大，聚生于茎顶端，近盾形，直径可达60cm，通常5-9深裂，每裂片再为羽状分裂；叶柄中空，长达60-100cm。花单性或两性，有些品种在雄株上偶尔产生两性花或雌花，并结成果实，亦有时在雌株上出现少数雄花。植株有雄株，雌株和两性株。雄花：排列成圆锥花序，长达1m，下垂；花无梗；萼片基部连合；花冠乳黄色，冠管细管状，长1.6-2.5cm，花冠裂片5，披针形，长约1.8cm，宽4.5mm；雄蕊10，5长5短，短的几无花丝，长的花丝白色，被白色绒毛；子房退化。雌花：单生或由数朵排列成伞房花序，着生叶腋内，具短梗或近无梗，萼片5，长约1cm，中部以下合生；花冠裂片5，分离，乳黄色或黄白色，长圆形或披针形，长5-6.2cm，宽1.2-2cm；子房上位，卵球形，无柄，花柱5，柱头数裂，近流苏状。两性花：雄蕊5枚，着生于近子房基部极短的花冠管上，或为10枚着生于较长的花冠管上，排列成2轮，冠管长1.9-2.5cm，花冠裂片长圆形，长约2.8cm，宽9mm，子房比雌株子房较小。浆果肉质，成熟时橙黄色或黄色，长圆球形，倒卵状长圆球形，梨形或近圆球形，长10-30cm或更长，果肉柔软多汁，味香甜；种子多数，卵球形，成熟时黑色，外种皮肉质，内种皮木质，具皱纹。花果期全年。
It is an evergreen softwood small tree, reaching up to 8-10m in height, with latex; the stem is unbranched or sometimes branched at the site of injury, with spiral leaf scars. The leaves are large, clustered at the top of the stem, nearly shield-shaped, with a diameter of up to 60cm, usually deeply lobed into 5-9 lobes, each lobe further divided into pinnate lobes; the leaf stalk is hollow, reaching 60-100cm in length. The flowers are unisexual or bisexual, with some varieties occasionally producing bisexual or female flowers on male plants, which then develop into fruits, and sometimes a few male flowers appear on female plants. The plants have male, female, and hermaphrodite individuals. Male flowers: arranged in a cone-shaped inflorescence, up to 1m long, hanging down; flowers sessile; sepals connate at the base; corolla creamy yellow, with a slender tubular corolla tube, 1.6-2.5cm long, corolla lobes 5, lanceolate, about 1.8cm long, 4.5mm wide; stamens 10, 5 long and 5 short, the short ones almost without filaments, the long ones with white filaments covered with white hairs; ovary degenerate. Female flowers: solitary or in umbel-like inflorescences of several flowers, axillary, with short or nearly absent pedicels, sepals 5, about 1cm long, connate below the middle; corolla lobes 5, separate, creamy yellow or yellowish-white, oblong or lanceolate, 5-6.2cm long, 1.2-2cm wide; ovary superior, ovoid, sessile, with 5 styles, style heads divided, resembling a tassel. Hermaphrodite flowers: 5 stamens, borne on the very short corolla tube near the base of the ovary, or 10 stamens borne on a longer corolla tube, arranged in 2 whorls, corolla tube 1.9-2.5cm long, corolla lobes oblong, about 2.8cm long, 9mm wide, ovary smaller than that of female plants. The fruit is fleshy, ripe fruits are orange-yellow or yellow, oblong spherical, ovoid oblong, pear-shaped, or nearly spherical, 10-30cm long or longer, with soft juicy flesh, sweet and fragrant taste; numerous seeds, ovoid, black when ripe, with fleshy outer seed coat and woody inner seed coat, wrinkled. Flowering and fruiting occur throughout the year.

分布区域 Distribution Area

现福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、云南等地有栽培。为南方水果之一。
It is cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places. It is one of the southern fruits.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于村边、宅旁。
Born by the village edge, next to the house.