番石榴叶，中药名。为桃金娘科植物番石榴PsidiumguajavaLinn.的叶。在福建、台湾、广东、广西、四川和云南等地均有分布或栽培。具有燥湿健脾，清热解毒之功效。常用于泻痢腹痛，食积腹胀，齿龈肿痛，风湿痹痛，湿疹臁疮，疔疮肿毒，跌打肿痛，外伤出血，蛇虫咬伤。
Guava leaves, , name of Chinese Medicinal Material. e leaves of the guava plant (Psidium guajava Linn.) in the Myrtaceae family. It is distributed or cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other places. It has the functions of drying dampness and invigorating the spleen, clearing heat and detoxifying. It is often used for diarrhea and abdominal pain, food stagnation and abdominal distension, gum swelling and pain, rheumatic arthralgia, eczema and sores, carbuncles and swelling, bruises and pain, external bleeding, snake and insect bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

燥湿健脾，清热解毒。
Drying dampness, invigorating the spleen, clearing heat, and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

泻痢腹痛，食积腹胀，齿龈肿痛，风湿痹痛，湿疹臁疮，疔疮肿毒，跌打肿痛，外伤出血，蛇虫咬伤。
Diarrhea and abdominal pain, food stagnation and bloating, swollen and painful gums, rheumatic pain, eczema and furuncles, carbuncles and toxic swellings, bruises and swelling from falls, external bleeding from injuries, snake and insect bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-15g，鲜品可用至24-30g；或研末。外用：适量，捣敷；或煎汤洗；或含漱；或研末撒。
Internal use: Decoction, 5-15g, up to 24-30g for fresh herbs; or powdered. External use: Apply an appropriate amount topically; or use as a wash after decoction; or use as a mouth rinse; or sprinkle as a powder.

注意事项 Precautions

大便秘结，泻痢积滞未清者慎服。
Use with caution for those with constipation and diarrhea with lingering stagnation.

《广西中药志》：“热盛泄泻者忌用。”
"Guangxi Materia Medica": "Avoid use in cases of excessive heat and diarrhea."

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、降血糖作用。

1. Hypoglycemic effect.

2、抗菌作用。
2. Antibacterial effect.

3、防癌作用。
3. Anticancer effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《增订岭南采药录》：“治风湿，解热。”

1. "Supplement to Lingnan Materia Medica": "Treats rheumatism and relieves fever."

2、《广西中药志》：“健脾涩肠。治痢疾，腹泻。”
2. "Guangxi Materia Medica": "Strengthens the spleen and astringes the intestines. Treats dysentery and diarrhea."

3、《岭南采药志》：“止吐泻无度。治急慢性肠炎，外感食滞，房室感冒及撞红，毒蛇咬伤，蜡烛疳。”
3. "Lingnan Materia Medica": "Stops vomiting and diarrhea without restraint. Treats acute and chronic enteritis, external food stagnation, colds, red bumps, snake bites, and candle sores."

4、《广西民间常用草药手册》：“消食。治消化不良。”
4. "Commonly Used Folk Herbal Manual in Guangxi": "Promotes digestion. Treats indigestion."

5、广州部队《常用中草药手册》：“治皮肤湿疹，瘙痒，热痱。”
5. "Commonly Used Herbal Manual in Guangzhou Military": "Treats skin eczema, itching, and prickly heat."

6、《广西本草选编》：“治牙痛，牙龈脓肿，小儿盗汗。”
6. "Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica": "Treats toothache, gum abscess, and night sweats in children."

7、《全国中草药汇编》：“收敛止泻，消炎止血。主治急、慢性肠炎，痢疾，小儿消化不良。外用治跌打扭伤，外伤出血，臁疮久不愈合。”
7. "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Astringes to stop diarrhea, reduces inflammation and stops bleeding. Mainly used for acute and chronic enteritis, dysentery, and children's indigestion. Externally used for bruises, sprains, bleeding wounds, and chronic ulcers."

8、《台湾药用植物志》：“和白糖煎服，能治暑热。新芽煎汁，含漱治口腔炎、创痕、肿毒。”“治鼠咬伤。”“主治糖尿病。”“敷痈疔。”“治白带。”
8. "Taiwan Medicinal Plant Records": "Boiled with white sugar, can treat heatstroke. Fresh shoots boiled into juice, used for mouth rinsing to treat oral ulcers, scars, and swelling. Treats rat bites. Mainly used for diabetes. Applied to abscesses. Treats leukorrhea."

9、《福建药物志》：“消肿解毒。治冻疮。”
9. "Fujian Materia Medica": "Reduces swelling and detoxifies. Treats chilblains."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治毒蛇咬伤：番石捣叶适量，擂烂以滚水冲服。（《岭南采药志》）
Treating snake bites: Take an appropriate amount of Fàn Shí Dǎo leaves, grind them into a paste, and take them with boiling water. (From "Records of Herbal Medicine in Lingnan")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、夏季采收，晒干或鲜用。
Harvest in spring or summer, dry in the sun or use fresh.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：本品呈矩圆状椭圆形至卵圆形，多皱缩卷曲或破碎，长5-12cm，宽3-5cm，先端圆或短尖，基部钝至圆形，边缘全缘，上表面淡棕褐色，无毛，下表面灰棕色，密被短柔毛，主脉和侧脉均隆起，侧脉在近叶缘处连成边脉。叶柄长3-6mm。革质而脆，易折断。嫩茎扁四棱形，密被短柔毛。气清香，味涩、微甘苦。
The medicinal material is rectangular-elliptical to oval, often wrinkled, curled or broken, 5–12 cm long and 3–5 cm wide, with a rounded or short-pointed apex, blunt to round base, entire margin, light brownish on upper surface (glabrous), grayish-brown on lower surface densely covered with short soft hairs, main and lateral veins both raised, lateral veins forming a marginal vein near leaf edge. Petiole 3–6 mm long. Leathery and brittle, easily broken. Young stem flattened quadrangular, densely pubescent. Aromatic odor, astringent, slightly sweet and bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：桃金娘科植物番石榴。
The plant species is Psidium guajava, belonging to the Myrtaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

乔木，高达13米；树皮平滑，灰色，片状剥落；嫩枝有棱，被毛。叶片革质，长圆形至椭圆形，长6-12厘米，宽3.5-6厘米，先端急尖或钝，基部近于圆形，上面稍粗糙，下面有毛，侧脉12-15对，常下陷，网脉明显；叶柄长5毫米。花单生或2-3朵排成聚伞花序；萼管钟形，长5毫米，有毛，萼帽近圆形，长7-8毫米，不规则裂开；花瓣长1-1.4厘米，白色；雄蕊长6-9毫米；子房下位，与萼合生，花柱与雄蕊同长。浆果球形、卵圆形或梨形，长3-8厘米，顶端有宿存萼片，果肉白色及黄色，胎座肥大，肉质，淡红色；种子多数。
Tree up to 13 meters tall; bark smooth, gray, flaking in patches; young branches angular and hairy. Leaves leathery, oblong to elliptic, 6–12 cm long, 3.5–6 cm wide, acute or obtuse at apex, nearly round at base, slightly rough above, hairy beneath, with 12–15 pairs of lateral veins (often sunken), reticulate veins prominent; petiole 5 mm long. Flowers solitary or 2–3 in cymose inflorescences; calyx tube campanulate, 5 mm long, hairy, calyptra nearly circular, 7–8 mm long, irregularly dehiscent; petals 1–1.4 cm long, white; stamens 6–9 mm long; ovary inferior, fused with calyx, style as long as stamens. Fruit spherical, ovoid or pear-shaped, 3–8 cm long, persistent sepals at apex, flesh white or yellow, large fleshy placenta pale red; numerous seeds.

分布区域 Distribution Area

在福建、台湾、广东、广西、四川和云南等地均有分布或栽培。
Distributed or cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于原野、村边、溪旁、林缘等地。
Born in the wilderness, by the village, beside the stream, or at the edge of the forest.