苦苣，中药名。为菊科植物苦苣Ixerischinensis(Thunb.)Nakaisubsp.versicolor（Fisch.exLink）Kitam.[Lactucaversicolor(Fisch.)Sch.-Bip.]的全草或根。分布于我国东北及南部各地。具有清热解毒之功效。常用于黄疸，胃炎，痢疾，肺热咳嗽，肠痈，睾丸炎，疔疮，痈肿，黄水疮。
Ku-ju, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant or root of Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai subsp. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Kitam. [Lactuca versicolor (Fisch.) Sch.-Bip.], a plant of the Asteraceae family. It is distributed in various parts of northeastern and southern China. It is known for its efficacy in clearing heat and detoxification. It is commonly used for jaundice, gastritis, dysentery, lung heat cough, intestinal abscess, orchitis, furuncle, carbuncle, and eczema.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒。
Clearing heat and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

黄疸，胃炎，痢疾，肺热咳嗽，肠痈，睾丸炎，疔疮，痈肿，黄水疮。
Jaundice, gastritis, dysentery, lung heat cough, intestinal abscess, orchitis, furuncle, carbuncle, and eczema.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；或捣汁。外用：适量，捣敷；或研末调敷；或煎水洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g; or pounded into juice. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application; or powdered for application; or decocted for washing.

注意事项 Precautions

1、《千金·食治》：“不可共蜜食之。”

1. "Qian Jin Fang": "Do not eat with honey."

2、《嘉祐本草》：“不可同血食（一本作蜜），食作痔疾。”
2. "Jia You Ben Cao": "Do not consume with blood (another version says honey), as it may cause hemorrhoids."

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《嘉祐本草》：“苦苣，即野苣也，野生者，又名褊苣。今人家常食为白苣，江外、岭南、吴人无白苣，尝植野苣以供厨馔。”
"Jiayou Bencao": "Ku Ju, also known as wild lettuce, grows in the wild and is also called Xian Ju. Nowadays, people often eat it as white lettuce. People outside the Jiangnan region and Wu area do not have white lettuce, so they plant wild lettuce for cooking."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治睾丸炎：鲜兔仔菜30g，猪瘦肉125g。水炖服。（《福建药物志》）

1. Treatment for orchitis: 30g of fresh rabbit grass and 125g of lean pork. Stew in water and take orally. (From "Fujian Materia Medica")

2、治黄水疮：东北苦菜研末，香油调敷患处。（《河北中草药》）
2. Treatment for eczema: Grind the Northeast bitter vegetable into powder, mix with sesame oil, and apply to the affected area. (From "Hebei Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、夏季采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest and process: collect in spring or summer, wash thoroughly, use fresh or dry in the shade.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科植物苦苣。
Plant species: Chicory (Cichorium intybus), a plant of the Asteraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

苦苣，又名变色山苦菜。多年生草本，高15-30cm。全株无毛。根茎柔弱，平生。叶大部分基生，具柄；叶片线形或线状长圆形，长7-10cm，全缘或间有疏离的锯齿；茎叶少，无柄，有时略抱茎。头状花序小，组成一疏松、柔弱、伞房花序式的圆锥花序；总苞长约6mm，约有等长的苞片8枚，最外的数枚极小；花舌状，黄色；雄蕊5，着生花冠管上；子房下位，柱头2裂。瘦果略扁平，有棱起的脉，稍有极小的突点，喙约与果身等长，冠毛白色。花期春末至秋初。
Chicory, also known as cichorium or endive, is a perennial herb, 15-30cm tall. The whole plant is glabrous. The rhizome is weak and creeping. Most leaves are basal with petioles; leaf blades are linear or linear-oblong, 7-10cm long, entire or sparsely serrated; stem leaves are few, sessile, sometimes slightly clasping. Small capitula form a loose, delicate, corymb-like panicle; involucre about 6mm long, with approximately 8 equal-length bracts, the outermost ones very small; ligulate flowers yellow; stamens 5, attached to the corolla tube; ovary inferior, stigma 2-lobed. Achene slightly flattened, with raised ribs, tiny tubercles, beak nearly as long as the body, pappus white. Flowering period from late spring to early autumn.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于我国东北及南部各地。
Distributed in northeastern and southern regions of China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于荒地上。
Grows on wastelands.