棉花壳，中药名。为锦葵科植物草棉GossypiumherbaceumLinn.、陆地棉GossypiumhirsutumLinn.、海岛棉GossypiumbarbadenseLinn.和树棉GossypiumarboreumLinn.的外果皮。草棉分布于我国甘肃、新疆、广东、四川和云南等地均系栽培。原产阿拉伯和小亚细亚；陆地棉广泛栽培于我国各棉区。原产美洲墨西哥；海岛棉分布于广东、海南、广西和云南等地有栽培。原产于南美热带和西印度洋岛；树棉分布于我国黄河流域和长江流域棉区广泛种植。自陆地棉输入我国后，树棉品种已淘汰。原产印度。具有温胃降逆，化痰止咳之功效。用于噎膈，胃痛呃逆，咳嗽气喘。
Cottonseed , name of Chinese Medicinal Material. lls. The outer pericarp of the plants in the Malvaceae family, including Gossypium herbaceum Linn., Gossypium hirsutum Linn., Gossypium barbadense Linn., and Gossypium arboreum Linn. Cotton is cultivated in Gansu, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other regions in China. It is originally from Arabia and Asia Minor. Upland cotton is widely cultivated in various cotton-growing regions in China and is native to Mexico in the Americas. Sea island cotton is cultivated in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other regions, and is native to tropical South America and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. Tree cotton is widely planted in the cotton-growing areas of the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China. Since the introduction of upland cotton to China, tree cotton varieties have been eliminated. It is originally from India. Cottonseed hulls have the functions of warming the stomach, relieving nausea, resolving phlegm, and stopping coughs. They are used for choking sensation in the chest, stomach pain, belching, coughs, and asthma.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

温胃降逆，化痰止咳。
Warm the stomach, descend rebellious Qi, transform phlegm, and stop coughing.

主治 Indications

用于噎膈，胃痛呃逆，咳嗽气喘。
Used for choking sensation in the throat, stomach pain with belching, coughing, and wheezing.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 9-15g.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《本草正义》：“破气降逆。治吞咽困难。”
"Ben Cao Zheng Yi": "Dispels qi and descends rebellious qi. Used to treat difficulty in swallowing."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治膈食，膈气：用棉花壳八、九月采，不拘多少，煎当茶饮之。忌食鹅。（《百草镜》）
2、治食管痉挛：棉花壳9-15g。煎汤当茶喝。（《青岛中草药手册》）

1. Treating bloating and indigestion, gastric qi: Use cotton husks harvested in August or September, any amount is fine. Boil and drink as tea. Avoid eating goose. (From "Compendium of Materia Medica")
2. Treating esophageal spasm: Cotton husks, 9-15g. Boil in water and drink as tea. (From "Qingdao Herbal Manual")
3. Treating chronic bronchitis: Crush cotton peach husks and cypress leaves, boil in water, combine the decoction, concentrate into a paste, dry and press into tablets of 0.4g each (each tablet equivalent to 0.75g of cotton peach husk and 0.25g of cypress leaves). Take 3-4 tablets three times a day, for a course of 10 days. (From "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：轧取棉花时收集。
Collect during cotton ginning.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：锦葵科植物草棉、陆地棉、海岛棉和树棉。
The Malvaceae family includes plants such as Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, and Gossypium arboreum.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1、草棉：又名古终，古终藤，小棉，阿拉伯棉。一年生草本至亚灌木，高达1.5米，疏被柔毛。叶掌状5裂，直径5-10厘米，通常宽超过于长，裂片宽卵形，深裂不到叶片的中部，先端短尖，基部心形，上面被星状长硬毛，下面被细绒毛，沿脉被长柔毛；叶柄长2.5-8厘米，被长柔毛；托叶线形，长5-10毫米，早落。花单生于叶腋，花梗长1-2厘米，被长柔毛；小苞片阔三角形，长2-3厘米，宽超过于长，先端具6-8齿，沿脉被疏长毛；花萼杯状，5浅裂；花黄色，内面基部紫色，直径5-7厘米。蒴果卵圆形，长约3厘米，具喙，通常3-4室，种子大，长约1厘米，分离，斜圆锥形，被白色长棉毛和短棉毛。花期7-9月。
2、陆地棉：又名大陆棉，高地棉，美洲棉，墨西哥棉，美棉。一年生草本，高0.6-1.5米，小枝疏被长毛。叶阔卵形，直径5-12厘米，长、宽近相等或较宽，基部心形或心状截头形，常3浅裂，很少为5裂，中裂片常深裂达叶片之半，裂片宽三角状卵形，先端突渐尖，基部宽，上面近无毛，沿脉被粗毛，下面疏被长柔毛；叶柄长3-14厘米，疏被柔毛；托叶卵状镰形，长5-8毫米，早落。花单生于叶腋，花梗通常较叶柄略短；小苞片3，分离，基部心形，具腺体1个，边缘具7-9齿，连齿长达4厘米，宽约2.5厘米，被长硬毛和纤毛；花萼杯状，裂片5，三角形，具缘毛；花白色或淡黄色，后变淡红色或紫色，长2.5-3厘米；雄蕊柱长1.2厘米。蒴果卵圆形，长3.5-5厘米，具喙，3-4室；种子分离，卵圆形，具白色长棉毛和灰白色不易剥离的短棉毛。花期夏秋季。

1. Gossypium herbaceum: Also known as ancient cotton, ancient vine, small cotton, and Arabian cotton. It is an annual herbaceous plant to sub-shrub, growing up to 1.5 meters tall, sparsely covered with soft hairs. The leaves are palmately 5-lobed, with a diameter of 5-10 centimeters, usually wider than long, lobes broadly ovate, deeply lobed not reaching the middle of the leaf, short-pointed at the apex, heart-shaped at the base, with star-shaped long stiff hairs on the upper surface, fine pubescence on the lower surface, and long soft hairs along the veins; petioles are 2.5-8 centimeters long, covered with long soft hairs; stipules are linear, 5-10 millimeters long, early falling off. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils, with flower stalks 1-2 centimeters long, covered with long soft hairs; bracts are broadly triangular, 2-3 centimeters long, wider than long, with 6-8 teeth at the apex, sparsely long-haired along the veins; calyx cup-shaped, 5 shallowly lobed; flowers yellow, with a purple base on the inner surface, and a diameter of 5-7 centimeters. The capsule is ovoid, about 3 centimeters long, beaked, usually with 3-4 chambers, large seeds about 1 centimeter long, separated, obliquely conical, covered with long white cotton and short cotton. Flowering period is from July to September.
2. Gossypium hirsutum: Also known as upland cotton, highland cotton, American cotton, Mexican cotton, and American cotton. It is an annual herbaceous plant, growing 0.6-1.5 meters tall, with twigs sparsely covered with long hairs. The leaves are broadly ovate, with a diameter of 5-12 centimeters, length and width nearly equal or wider, heart-shaped or cordate at the base, usually 3 shallowly lobed, rarely 5-lobed, the middle lobe often deeply lobed reaching half of the leaf, lobes broadly triangular-ovate, gradually pointed at the apex, wide at the base, nearly glabrous on the upper surface, coarsely hairy along the veins, sparsely covered with long soft hairs on the lower surface; petioles are 3-14 centimeters long, sparsely covered with soft hairs; stipules are ovate-sickle-shaped, 5-8 millimeters long, early falling off. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils, with flower stalks usually slightly shorter than the petioles; bracts are 3, separate, cordate at the base, with one gland, margins with 7-9 teeth, teeth up to 4 centimeters long, about 2.5 centimeters wide, covered with long stiff hairs and fibers; calyx cup-shaped, with 5 triangular lobes, with marginal hairs; flowers white or pale yellow, later turning pale red or purple, 2.5-3 centimeters long; stamens with a 1.2-centimeter long column. The capsule is ovoid, 3.5-5 centimeters long, beaked, with 3-4 chambers; seeds separated, ovoid, with white long cotton and greyish-white short cotton that is not easily removed. Flowering period is in summer and autumn.
3. Gossypium barbadense: Also known as sea island cotton, Gossypium vitifolium, and Gossypium peruvianum. It is a perennial sub-shrub or shrub, growing 2-3 meters tall, nearly glabrous except for the leaf stalks and veins on the back of the leaves; twigs are dark purple, with edges. The leaves are palmately 3-5 lobed, with a diameter of 7-12 centimeters, lobes ovate or elongated, deeply lobed below the middle of the leaf, gradually pointed at the apex, the middle lobe longer, lateral lobes usually spreading, heart-shaped at the base; petioles longer than the leaves, with scattered black glandular dots; stipules lanceolate-sickle-shaped, about 1 centimeter long, often early falling off. The flowers are terminal or axillary, with flower stalks usually shorter than the petioles, covered with star-shaped long soft hairs and black glandular dots; bracts are 5 or more, separate, heart-shaped at the base, broadly ovate, 3.5-5 centimeters long, with long coarse teeth 10-15 along the edges; calyx cup-shaped, truncate, with black glandular dots; corolla campanulate, pale yellow, with a purple base on the inner surface, about 2-3 times the length of the bracts, petals inverted ovate, with notches, covered with star-shaped long soft hairs on the outside; stamens column glabrous. The capsule is elongated ovoid, 3-5 centimeters long, with a large base, sharply pointed at the top, with conspicuous glandular dots on the outside, usually 3 chambers, rarely 4 chambers; seeds ovoid, beaked, about 8 millimeters long, separated, covered with easily removable white long cotton, black after removing the cotton, smooth on the surface, with a few short cotton that is not easily removed at one or both ends. Flowering period is in summer and autumn.
4. Gossypium arboreum: Also known as tree cotton, Indian cotton, Chinese cotton, chicken foot cotton, false cotton, Asian cotton, and woody cotton. It is a perennial sub-shrub to shrub, growing up to 2-3 meters tall, with young branches covered with long soft hairs. The leaves are palmately 5-lobed, with a diameter of 4-8 centimeters, lobes elongated lanceolate, deeply lobed to about half of the leaf, sparsely soft-haired with star-shaped hairs on the upper surface, star-shaped pubescence on the lower surface, densely covered with long soft hairs along the leaf veins; petioles are 2-4 centimeters long, covered with pubescence and long soft hairs; stipules are linear, falling off early. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils, with flower stalks 1.5-2.5 centimeters long, covered with long soft hairs; bracts are 3, triangular, about 2.5 centimeters long, fused near the base for about 1/3, with 3-4 teeth at the apex, teeth not more than 3 times wider than long, with star-shaped long soft hairs along the veins; calyx shallow cup-shaped, nearly truncate; flowers pale yellow, with a dark purple base on the inner surface, petals inverted ovate, 4-5 centimeters long; stamens with a 1.5-2 centimeter long column. The capsule is conical, tapering at the top, often drooping, about 3 centimeters long, beaked, usually with 3 chambers, rarely 4-5 chambers, glabrous, with numerous oil glandular dots, each chamber with 5-8 seeds, seeds separated, ovoid, 5-8 millimeters in diameter, mixed with white long cotton and short cotton that is not easily removed. Flowering period is from June to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

1、草棉：我国甘肃、新疆、广东、四川和云南等地均系栽培。原产阿拉伯和小亚细亚。
2、陆地棉：广泛栽培于我国各棉区。原产美洲墨西哥。

1. Herbaceous cotton: Cultivated in Gansu, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other regions in China. Originally from Arabia and Asia Minor.
2. Upland cotton: Widely cultivated in various cotton-growing regions in China. Originally from Mexico, America.
3. Island cotton: Cultivated in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other regions. Originally from tropical South America and the West Indies.
4. Tree cotton: Widely planted in the Yellow River and Yangtze River cotton-growing regions in China. After upland cotton was introduced to China, tree cotton varieties have been eliminated. Originally from India.