泡桐果，中药名。为玄参科泡桐属植物白花泡桐Paulowniafortunei(Seem.)Hemsl.及毛泡桐Paulowniatomentosa(Thunb.)Steud.的果实。白花泡桐分布于长江以南各省，陕西，山东，河南等地引种栽培，毛泡桐分布于辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、河南、湖北等地。具有化痰，止咳，平喘之功效。用于慢性气管炎，咳嗽咯痰。
Pao-tong-guo, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the fruit of the plants in the genus Paulownia, including Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl. and Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. The former is distributed in provinces south of the Yangtze River, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, and other places, where it is cultivated as an introduced plant. The latter is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, and other places. It is known for its efficacy in resolving phlegm, suppressing cough, and relieving asthma, and is used for chronic bronchitis, cough, and phlegm.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

化痰，止咳，平喘。
Resolve phlegm, stop coughing, and alleviate wheezing.

主治 Indications

用于慢性气管炎，咳嗽咯痰。
For chronic bronchitis with cough and phlegm.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。
Oral administration: Decoction, 15-30g.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1. 止咳作用。

2. Cough-suppressing effect.

3. 祛痰作用。

4. Phlegm-expelling effect.

5. 平喘作用。

6. Asthma-alleviating effect.

7. 抗菌作用。

8. Antibacterial effect.

9. 治疗慢性气管炎作用。

10. Therapeutic effect on chronic bronchitis.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《四川常用中草药》：“治耳聋。”
"Sichuan Commonly Used Chinese Herbs": "Treats deafness."

临床应用 Clinical Application

治疗慢性气管炎。
Treatment of chronic bronchitis.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采摘，晒干。
Harvested in summer and autumn, then dried in the sun.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

（1）泡桐果：蒴果倒卵形或长椭圆形，长6-10cm，表面粗糙，有类圆形疣状点，近先端处灰黄色，系星状毛；果皮厚3-6mm，木质；宿萼5浅裂。种子长6-10mm。气微，味微甘苦。
(1) Paulownia fruit: The capsule is inverted ovate or elongated, 6-10 cm long, with a rough surface and circular wart-like spots. Near the apex it is grayish-yellow due to star-shaped hairs; the pericarp is 3–6 mm thick and woody; persistent calyx shallowly lobed into 5 parts. Seeds are 6–10 mm long. Slight odor, slightly sweet and bitter taste.

（2）毛泡桐果：蒴果卵圆形，长3-4.5cm，直径2-3cm，表面红褐色至黑褐色，常有粘质腺毛，先端尖嘴状，长6-8mm，基部圆形，自顶至基部两侧各有棱线1条，常易沿棱线裂成2瓣；内表面淡棕色，光滑而有光泽，各有1纵隔。果皮革质，厚约0.5-1mm。宿萼5中裂呈五角星形，裂片卵状三角形。果梗扭曲，长2-3cm。种子多数，着生在半圆形肥厚的中轴上，细小，扁而有翅，长2.5-4mm，气微，味微甘，苦。均以个大，开裂少，带宿萼者为佳。
(2) Hairy Paulownia fruit: The capsule is ovoid, 3–4.5 cm long and 2–3 cm in diameter, reddish-brown to dark brown, often covered with sticky glandular hairs. Apex beaked (6–8 mm long), base rounded, with a ridge line on each side from apex to base, often splitting along these ridges into two valves. Inner surface light brown, smooth and glossy, with a longitudinal septum on each valve. Pericarp leathery, about 0.5–1 mm thick. Persistent calyx deeply 5-lobed, star-shaped, lobes ovate-triangular. Fruit stalk twisted, 2–3 cm long. Numerous small, flat, winged seeds (2.5–4 mm long) attached to a thickened semi-circular central axis. Slight odor, slightly sweet and bitter taste. Preferred when large-sized, with minimal splitting, and retaining the persistent calyx.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：玄参科泡桐属植物白花泡桐及毛泡桐。
Plant species: Paulownia fortunei and Paulownia tomentosa, belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae (now often classified under Paulowniaceae).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1. 白花泡桐又名：白桐、椅桐、黄桐、白花桐、花桐、泡树、大果泡桐、华桐、火筒木、沙桐彭、笛螺木、饭桐子、通心条。乔木高达30米，树冠圆锥形，主干直，胸径可达2米，树皮灰褐色；幼枝、叶、花序各部和幼果均被黄褐色星状绒毛，但叶柄、叶片上面和花梗渐变无毛。叶片长卵状心脏形，有时为卵状心脏形，长达20厘米，顶端长渐尖或锐尖头，其凸尖长达2厘米，新枝上的叶有时2裂，下面有星毛及腺，成熟叶片下面密被绒毛，有时毛很稀疏至近无毛；叶柄长达12厘米。花序枝几无或仅有短侧枝，故花序狭长几成圆柱形，长约25厘米，小聚伞花序有花3-8朵，总花梗几与花梗等长，或下部者长于花梗，上部者略短于花梗；萼倒圆锥形，长2-2.5厘米，花后逐渐脱毛，分裂至1/4或1/3处，萼齿卵圆形至三角状卵圆形，至果期变为狭三角形；花冠管状漏斗形，白色仅背面稍带紫色或浅紫色，长8-12厘米，管部在基部以上不突然膨大，而逐渐向上扩大，稍稍向前曲，外面有星状毛，腹部无明显纵褶，内部密布紫色细斑块；雄蕊长3-3.5厘米，有疏腺；子房有腺，有时具星毛，花柱长约5.5厘米。蒴果长圆形或长圆状椭圆形，长6-10厘米，顶端之喙长达6毫米，宿萼开展或漏斗状，果皮木质，厚3-6毫米；种子连翅长6-10毫米。花期3-4月，果期7-8月。

2. Paulownia fortunei (White-flowered Paulownia), also known as white paulownia, yitong, huangtong, etc., is a deciduous tree up to 30 meters tall, with a conical crown and straight trunk (up to 2 m in diameter), bark gray-brown. Young branches, leaves, inflorescences, and fruits densely covered with yellow-brown stellate hairs, though petioles, upper leaf surfaces, and flower stalks become glabrous over time. Leaves are long-ovate to cordate, up to 20 cm long, with long acuminate or acute tips (protruding up to 2 cm); leaves on new shoots sometimes bifid. Lower surface has stellate hairs and glands; mature leaves densely pubescent beneath, sometimes nearly glabrous. Petioles up to 12 cm long. Inflorescence branches nearly unbranched or with short laterals, making the panicle narrow and cylindrical (~25 cm long). Each cyme bears 3–8 flowers; peduncles nearly equal to pedicels, slightly longer below, shorter above. Calyx is inversely conical (2–2.5 cm), becoming sparsely hairy after flowering, lobed to 1/4–1/3, teeth ovate to triangular-ovate, becoming narrowly triangular in fruit. Corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, white with slight purple tinge on back, 8–12 cm long; tube gradually widens upward without sudden swelling, slightly curved forward, externally stellate-pubescent, internally with dense purple speckles, no prominent ventral folds. Stamens 3–3.5 cm long, sparsely glandular; ovary glandular, sometimes with stellate hairs; style ~5.5 cm. Capsule oblong or oblong-ellipsoid, 6–10 cm long, beak up to 6 mm; persistent calyx spreading or funnel-shaped; pericarp woody, 3–6 mm thick; seeds with wings 6–10 mm long. Flowering March–April, fruiting July–August.

3. 毛泡桐又名：紫花桐、冈桐、锈毛泡桐、日本泡桐。乔木高达20米，树冠宽大伞形，树皮褐灰色；小枝有明显皮孔，幼时常具粘质短腺毛。叶片心脏形，长达40厘米，顶端锐尖头，全缘或波状浅裂，上面毛稀疏，下面毛密或较疏，老叶下面的灰褐色树枝状毛常具柄和3-12条细长丝状分枝，新枝上的叶较大，其毛常不分枝，有时具粘质腺毛；叶柄常有粘质短腺毛。花序枝的侧枝不发达，长约中央主枝之半或稍短，故花序为金字塔形或狭圆锥形，长一般在50厘米以下，少有更长，小聚伞花序的总花梗长1-2厘米，几与花梗等长，具花3-5朵；萼浅钟形，长约1.5厘米，外面绒毛不脱落，分裂至中部或裂过中部，萼齿卵状长圆形，在花中锐头或稍钝头至果中钝头；花冠紫色，漏斗状钟形，长5-7.5厘米，在离管基部约5毫米处弓曲，向上突然膨大，外面有腺毛，内面几无毛，檐部2唇形，直径约5厘米；雄蕊长达2.5厘米；子房卵圆形，有腺毛，花柱短于雄蕊。蒴果卵圆形，幼时密生粘质腺毛，长3-4.5厘米，宿萼不反卷，果皮厚约1毫米；种子连翅长约2.5-4毫米。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。

4. Paulownia tomentosa (Hairy Paulownia), also known as purple paulownia, rust-hairy paulownia, Japanese paulownia, is a deciduous tree up to 20 m tall, with a broad umbrella-shaped crown and brown-gray bark. Young twigs have conspicuous lenticels and often bear sticky short glandular hairs. Leaves are heart-shaped, up to 40 cm long, with an acute apex, margin entire or shallowly undulate-lobed. Upper surface sparsely hairy, lower surface densely to sparsely hairy. In older leaves, gray-brown dendritic hairs on the lower surface usually have stalks and 3–12 slender filamentous branches; leaves on new shoots larger, their hairs often unbranched, sometimes with sticky glandular hairs. Petioles commonly bear sticky short glandular hairs. Lateral branches of inflorescence weakly developed, about half the length of the main axis, resulting in a pyramidal or narrow conical panicle, generally under 50 cm. Cymose units have peduncles 1–2 cm long, nearly equal to pedicels, bearing 3–5 flowers. Calyx shallowly campanulate, ~1.5 cm long, externally densely tomentose with persistent hairs, split to the middle or beyond, lobes ovate-oblong, acute or slightly obtuse in flower, obtuse in fruit. Corolla purple, funnel-campanulate, 5–7.5 cm long, curving about 5 mm above base, then abruptly expanding upward; externally glandular-pubescent, internally nearly glabrous; limb bilabiate, ~5 cm in diameter. Stamens up to 2.5 cm long; ovary ovoid, glandular-pubescent; style shorter than stamens. Capsule ovoid, densely covered with sticky glandular hairs when young, 3–4.5 cm long; persistent calyx not reflexed; pericarp ~1 mm thick. Seeds with wings ~2.5–4 mm long. Flowering April–May, fruiting August–September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

1. 白花泡桐分布于长江以南各省，陕西，山东，河南等地引种栽培。

2. Paulownia fortunei is distributed in provinces south of the Yangtze River, and introduced for cultivation in Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, and other regions.

3. 毛泡桐分布于辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、河南、湖北等地。

4. Paulownia tomentosa is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, and other provinces.

生长环境 Growing Environment

白花泡桐生于低海拔的山坡、林中、山谷及荒地，野生或栽培。
The white-flowered Paulownia grows in low-altitude slopes, forests, valleys, and wastelands, either wild or cultivated.