辣根菜，中药名。为十字花科植物岩荠CochleariaofficinalisL.的全草。原产欧洲西北部及阿尔卑斯山。我国有栽培。具有祛风湿，健脾胃之功效。常用于风湿痹痛，痛风，食滞不化，牙痛，口糜，坏血病。
La-gen-cai, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant of Cochlearia officinalis L., a cruciferous plant native to northwestern Europe and the Alps. It is also cultivated in China. La-gen-cai is known for its effects in dispelling wind and dampness, and invigorating the spleen and stomach. It is commonly used for rheumatic pain, gout, indigestion, toothache, oral ulcers, and hemorrhagic diseases.

功效作用 Efficacy and Function

祛风湿，健脾胃。
Dispelling dampness and wind, strengthening the spleen and stomach.

主治 Indications

风湿痹痛，痛风，食滞不化，牙痛，口糜，坏血病。
Wind-damp arthralgia, gout, food stagnation, toothache, oral ulcers, and scurvy.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：浸汁饮，鲜叶6-10g；或煎汤服。
Internal use: Infuse the fresh leaves in water and drink, 6-10g; or decoct and take orally.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

1、防治由于缺乏维生素C引起的坏血病和牙龈出血。

1. Prevent and treat scurvy and gum bleeding caused by a lack of vitamin C.

2、预防坏血病。
2. Prevent scurvy.

临床应用 Clinical Application

全草可作野菜食用。
The whole plant can be used as a wild vegetable for consumption.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春季采收，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in spring, use fresh or dry in the shade.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：十字花科植物岩荠。
Brassicaceae plant Cardamine.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

二年或多年生草本，高20-40厘米，全株无毛；茎多数，上升或近直立，分枝。叶多少肉质，基生叶圆心形或肾形，长7-12毫米，宽8-18毫米，顶端圆钝，基部心形，全缘；叶柄长达5厘米；茎下部叶和基生叶形状相同但较小，叶柄较短；茎中部叶及上部叶卵形或近圆形，长5-15毫米，基部楔形，抱茎，边缘有1-2齿。总状花序初紧缩后延长；花白色，直径约3毫米，芳香；花梗长2-3毫米；萼片宽椭圆形，长1.5-2毫米；花瓣倒卵形，长4-5毫米。短角果卵形或圆形，长3-5毫米，排列疏松，开裂，中肋隆起，具网状脉纹；花柱长约1毫米；果梗长5-10毫米，水平伸展或斜上生长。种子每室2-4个，椭圆形，稍压扁，长1-3毫米，红棕色，有钝瘤状突起。花期4月，果期5月。
Perennial or biennial herb, 20-40 centimeters tall, entire plant glabrous; stems numerous, ascending or nearly erect, branching. Leaves somewhat fleshy, basal leaves rounded or kidney-shaped, 7-12 millimeters long, 8-18 millimeters wide, apex rounded, base cordate, entire margin; petiole up to 5 centimeters long; lower stem leaves and basal leaves similar in shape but smaller, with shorter petioles; middle and upper stem leaves ovate or nearly circular, 5-15 millimeters long, base cuneate, clasping the stem, with 1-2 teeth along the margin. Raceme initially compact then elongated; flowers white, about 3 millimeters in diameter, fragrant; pedicels 2-3 millimeters long; sepals broadly elliptic, 1.5-2 millimeters long; petals inverted-ovate, 4-5 millimeters long. Capsule short-ovate or round, 3-5 millimeters long, loosely arranged, dehiscent, with raised midribs and reticulate veins; styles about 1 millimeter long; pedicels 5-10 millimeters long, spreading horizontally or obliquely upwards. Seeds 2-4 per locule, elliptical, slightly compressed, 1-3 millimeters long, reddish-brown, with blunt tuberculate projections. Flowering in April, fruiting in May.

生长环境 Habitat

原产欧洲西北部及阿尔卑斯山。我国有栽培。
Originally from northwestern Europe and the Alps. It is also cultivated in China.