桂皮，中药名。为樟科植物天竺桂Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb.、阴香C. burmannii（C.G.etTh.Nees）Bl.和川桂C. wilsonii Gamble的树皮。具有温中散寒，理气止痛的功效。用于脘腹冷痛，呕吐泄泻，腰膝酸冷，寒疝腹痛，寒湿痹痛，瘀滞痛经，血痢，肠风，跌打肿痛，创伤出血等。
Cinnam, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Bark (Gui-pi). It is the bark of the Lauraceae plants Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb., C. burmannii (C.G.etTh.Nees) Bl., and C. wilsonii Gamble. It has the functions of warming the middle, dispersing cold, regulating qi, and relieving pain. It is used for cold pain in the epigastrium, vomiting, diarrhea, cold and painful lumbar and knees, cold hernia abdominal pain, cold-damp arthralgia, stasis and pain in menstruation, bloody dysentery, intestinal wind, bruises and swelling, and bleeding from wounds.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

温中散寒，理气止痛。主治
Warm the middle, dispel cold, regulate qi, and relieve pain. This formula is mainly used to treat

用于脘腹冷痛，呕吐泄泻，腰膝酸冷，寒疝腹痛，寒湿痹痛，瘀滞痛经，血痢，肠风，跌打肿痛，创伤出血等。用法用量
Used for cold pain in the epigastrium, vomiting and diarrhea, sore and cold waist and knees, cold hernia abdominal pain, cold dampness arthralgia, stasis dysmenorrhea, bloody dysentery, intestinal wind, bruises and swelling, bleeding from wounds, etc. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，6-12g。外用：研末用水或酒调敷。不良反应
Internal use: Decoction, 6-12g. External use: Grind into powder and apply with water or alcohol. Adverse reactions.

过量可导致胃脘部烧灼感，或口干、咽痛等反应。禁忌
Excessive intake may cause a burning sensation in the epigastric region, or reactions such as dry mouth and sore throat. Contraindicated.

凡阴虚火旺、热病伤津等症者，均当忌食桂皮。注意事项
For those with symptoms of Yin deficiency and excessive internal heat, or conditions such as heat diseases injuring body fluids, it is advisable to avoid consuming cinnamon. Please take note of this precaution.

1、孕妇、儿童慎用。

1. Not recommended for use by pregnant women and children.

2、本品与肉桂虽同为樟科植物，但其品种不同，功用有差异，不应互为代用。化学成分
2. Although this product and cinnamon both belong to the Lauraceae family, they are different in variety and have different functions, so they should not be used interchangeably. Chemical composition.

桂皮含有挥发性桂皮油，其主要成分为桂皮醛（占75%-90%），尚含有少量乙酸桂皮酯、乙酸苯丙酯、鞣质、黏液等。药理作用
Cinnamon contains volatile cinnamon oil, with its main component being cinnamaldehyde (75%-90%), as well as small amounts of cinnamyl acetate, cinnamyl benzoate, tannins, mucilage, and so on. Pharmacological effects.

现代医学药理研究结果表明，桂皮有如下作用：
Modern medical pharmacology research results show that cinnamon has the following effects:

1、桂皮，其提取油对胃有缓和的刺激作用，能增强消化机能，排出消化道积气。
Cinnamon, its extracted oil has a mild stimulating effect on the stomach, can enhance digestive function, and help expel gas from the digestive tract.

2、桂皮提取油有对中枢血管和末梢血管扩张血管的作用，能增强血液循环。
Cinnamon oil extract has the effect of dilating blood vessels in both the central and peripheral circulatory systems, which can enhance blood circulation.

3、桂皮提取油有能够重新激活脂肪细胞对胰岛素的反能力，大大加快葡萄糖的代谢，对糖尿病有一定的预防作用。
Cinnamon extract oil can re-activate the resistance of fat cells to insulin, greatly accelerate the metabolism of glucose, and has a certain preventive effect on diabetes.

4、经抗菌试验，对致病性真菌有抑制性作用。相关论述
4. Through antimicrobial tests, it has been shown to have inhibitory effects on pathogenic fungi. Further discussion is needed on this topic.

1、《开宝本草》：“主腹内诸冷，血气胀。功用似桂，皮薄不过烈。”
"Kai Bao Ben Cao": "Mainly used for internal cold in the abdomen, bloating of blood and qi. Its function is similar to cassia bark, but milder due to its thin skin."

2、《海药本草》：“补暖腰脚，破产后恶血，治血痢肠风。功力与桂心同，方家少用。”
"Sea Herbal Medicine": "It warms the lower back and feet, dispels stagnant blood after childbirth, and treats bloody dysentery and intestinal wind. Its efficacy is similar to that of cassia bark, but it is less commonly used in prescriptions."

3、《福建中草药》：“温中散寒，理气止痛。治胃痛腹痛，寒痹，跌打损伤，寒结肿痛。”
"Compendium of Fujian Medicinal Herbs": "Warms the middle, dispels cold, regulates qi, and alleviates pain. Used to treat stomach pain, abdominal pain, cold bi syndrome, bruises, injuries, and cold-induced swelling and pain."

4、《中国药用植物图鉴》：“树皮有时代桂皮作健胃、驱风药用。”
"Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicinal Plants: 'The bark of Cinnamomum cassia is sometimes used as a digestive and wind-expelling medicine.'"

5、《安徽中草药》：“温中散寒，活血止痛，祛风除湿。”临床应用 临床应用
5. "Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Warming the middle, dispelling cold, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, dispelling wind, and removing dampness." Clinical application.

1、治胃痛、腹痛：天竺桂干树皮15-21g。煎服。

1. Treatment for stomach pain and abdominal pain: Cinnamomum cassia bark, 15-21g. Decoction for oral administration.

2、治跌打损伤：天竺桂干根皮。研末，调水或酒敷患处。（1、2方出自《福建中草药》）相关药品
2. Treatment for bruises and injuries: Dry roots and bark of Cinnamomum cassia. Grind into powder, mix with water or alcohol, and apply to the affected area. (Prescription 1 and 2 are from "Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine") Related medications.

桂皮酊、清凉油、六神祛暑水、伤湿解痛膏、五味石榴丸。相关方剂
Cinnamon tincture, cooling oil, Liu Shen heat-relieving water, dampness-resolving and pain-relieving ointment, Five-Flavor Pomegranate Pills. Related prescriptions.

桂皮散（《普济方》卷三九八）、八物汤（《女科旨要》卷一）、保活丸（《痘疹仁端录》卷三）、草豆蔻丸（《丹溪治法心要》卷三）、黄柏汤（《普济方》三九八）。加工炮制 采收加工
Cinnamon Powder (from "Puji Fang" Volume 398), Eight-Ingredient Decoction (from "Essentials of Women's Medicine" Volume 1), Baohuo Pills (from "Record of Treating Smallpox" Volume 3), Grass Cardamom Pills (from "Essentials of Danxi's Methods" Volume 3), Huangbai Decoction (from "Puji Fang" Volume 398). Processing methods: collection, processing.

冬季剥取树皮，阴干。保存方法
Peel the tree bark in winter, then air dry it in the shade. This is the method for preservation.

置通风干燥处。药材鉴别 药材性状
Place in a well-ventilated and dry area. Identification of medicinal herbs and their characteristics.

1、天竺桂皮：树皮为筒状或不整齐的块片，大小不等，一般长30-60cm，厚2-4mm。外皮灰褐色，密生不明显的小皮孔或有灰白色花斑；内表面红棕色或灰红色，光滑，有不明显的细纵纹，指甲刻划显油痕。质硬而脆，易折断，断面不整齐。气清香而凉略似樟脑，味微甜辛。
Cinnamomum cassia: The bark is tubular or irregularly shaped pieces, varying in size, generally 30-60cm long and 2-4mm thick. The outer bark is gray-brown, densely covered with inconspicuous small pores or gray-white spots; the inner surface is reddish-brown or grayish-red, smooth, with indistinct fine longitudinal lines, and scratched with fingernails leaves oily marks. It is hard and brittle in texture, easily broken, with an uneven fracture surface. The aroma is clear and fragrant, slightly cool resembling camphor, with a slightly sweet and spicy taste.

2、阴香：茎皮呈槽状或片状，厚约3mm。外表面棕灰色，粗糙，有圆形突起的皮孔和灰白色地衣斑块，有时外皮部分刮去而现凹下的皮孔痕；内表面棕色，平滑。质坚，断面内层呈裂片状。气香，味微甘、涩。
2. Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis: The stem bark is grooved or flaky, about 3mm thick. The outer surface is brownish-gray, rough, with round raised pores and grayish-white lichen patches. Sometimes, when the outer skin is partially scraped off, concave pore marks are visible. The inner surface is brown and smooth. It is hard in texture, and the cross-section shows a flaky inner layer. It has a fragrant smell, with a slightly sweet and astringent taste.

3、川桂皮：不规则块片，厚1-3mm。外皮褐色或棕褐色，粗糙，皮孔呈点状或椭圆形突起，或有灰棕色花斑；内表面灰棕色或棕色。质硬，断面浅棕色或棕色。香气弱，微有樟脑气，味辛凉、微辣。植物学信息 植物种属
3. Cinnamon Twig Bark: Irregular block slices, 1-3mm thick. The outer skin is brown or brownish-brown, rough, with dot-shaped or oval-shaped pores, or gray-brown spots; the inner surface is gray-brown or brown. It is hard in texture, with a light brown or brown color on the cross-section. It has a weak fragrance, slightly camphor-like, and a mildly cool and spicy taste. Botanical information: Plant species.

樟科樟属植物天竺桂、阴香和川桂。形态特征
The Lauraceae family includes the Cinnamomum genus plants such as Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum camphora, and Cinnamomum verum. They have distinct morphological characteristics.

1、天竺桂：又名：山桂、月桂。常绿乔木，高10-15m，胸径30-35cm。枝条细弱，圆柱形，极无毛，红色或红褐色，具香气。叶近对生或在枝条上部者互生，卵圆状长圆形至长圆状披针形，长7-10cm，宽3-3.5cm，先端锐尖至渐尖，基部宽楔形或钝形，革质，上面绿色，光亮，下面灰绿色，晦暗，两面无毛，离基三出脉，中脉直贯叶端，在叶片上部有少数支脉，基生侧脉自叶基1-1.5cm处斜向生出，向叶缘一侧有少数支脉，有时自叶基处生出一对稍为明显隆起的附加支脉，中脉及侧脉两面隆起，细脉在上面密集而呈明显的网结状但在下面呈细小的网孔；叶柄粗壮，腹凹背凸，红褐色，无毛。圆锥花序腋生，长3-4.5（10）cm，总梗长1.5-3cm，与长5-7mm的花梗均无毛，末端为3-5花的聚伞花序。花长约4.5mm。花被筒倒锥形，短小，长1.5mm，花被裂片6，卵圆形，长约3mm，宽约2mm，先端锐尖，外面无毛，内面被柔毛。能育雄蕊9，内藏，花药长约1mm，卵圆状椭圆形，先端钝，4室，第一、二轮花药药室内向，第三轮花药药室外向，花丝长约2mm，被柔毛，第一、二轮花丝无腺体，第三轮花丝近中部有一对圆状肾形腺体。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮。子房卵珠形，长约1mm，略被微柔毛，花柱稍长于子房，柱头盘状。果长圆形，长7mm，宽达5mm，无毛；果托浅杯状，顶部极开张，宽达5mm，边缘极全缘或具浅圆齿，基部骤然收缩成细长的果梗。花期4-5月，果期7-9月。

1. Cinnamomum camphora: Also known as mountain laurel or bay laurel. It is an evergreen tree, reaching a height of 10-15 meters with a trunk diameter of 30-35 cm. The branches are slender and cylindrical, reddish or reddish-brown in color, and emit a fragrant smell. The leaves are nearly opposite or alternate towards the upper part of the branch, ovate to lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7-10 cm long and 3-3.5 cm wide, with a sharp to gradually pointed tip and a wide wedge-shaped or blunt base. The leaves are leathery, shiny green on the upper surface, dull grayish-green on the lower surface, hairless on both sides, with three primary veins diverging from the base. The midrib runs straight to the leaf tip, with a few secondary veins in the upper part of the leaf. The basal veins slantingly emerge from the leaf base about 1-1.5 cm away, with a few secondary veins on one side towards the leaf margin. Sometimes, a pair of slightly raised additional veins emerge from the leaf base, with the midrib and lateral veins raised on both sides. The minor veins are dense and form a distinct reticulate pattern on the upper surface but appear as small meshes on the lower surface. The leaf stalk is stout, concave on the ventral side, convex on the dorsal side, reddish-brown, and hairless. The cone-shaped inflorescences arise from the leaf axils, 3-4.5 (10) cm long, with a peduncle length of 1.5-3 cm. Both the inflorescence and the 5-7 mm long flower stalks are hairless, ending in a 3-5 flower umbel. The flowers are approximately 4.5 mm long. The flower tube is inverted-conical, short, 1.5 mm long, with 6 ovate tepals, about 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, sharp-pointed at the tip, hairless on the outer surface, and softly hairy on the inner surface. There are 9 fertile stamens, hidden inside, with anthers about 1 mm long, oval-elliptic, blunt at the tip, 4-loculed, with the anthers of the first and second whorls facing inwards and those of the third whorl facing outwards. The filaments are about 2 mm long, softly hairy, with no glands on the first and second whorls, and a pair of rounded kidney-shaped glands near the middle of the filaments in the third whorl. There are 3 degenerate stamens in the innermost whorl. The ovary is ovate, about 1 mm long, slightly hairy, with a style slightly longer than the ovary and a disc-shaped stigma. The fruit is oblong, 7 mm long and up to 5 mm wide, hairless, with a shallow cup-shaped receptacle that is wide at the top, up to 5 mm wide, with an entire or slightly dentate margin, and abruptly narrows at the base into a slender fruit stalk. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruiting period is from July to September.

2、阴香：乔木，高达14m，胸径达30cm；树皮光滑，灰褐色至黑褐色，内皮红色，味似肉桂。枝条纤细，绿色或褐绿色，具纵向细条纹，无毛。叶互生或近对生，稀对生，卵圆形、长圆形至披针形，长5.5-10.5cm，宽2-5cm，先端短渐尖，基部宽楔形，革质，上面绿色，光亮，下面粉绿色，晦暗，两面无毛，具离基三出脉，中脉及侧脉在上面明显，下面十分凸起，侧脉自叶基3-8mm处生出，向叶端消失，横脉及细脉两面微隆起，多少呈网状；叶柄长0.5-1.2cm，腹平背凸，近无毛。圆锥花序腋生或近顶生，比叶短，长（2）3-6cm，少花，疏散，密被灰白微柔毛，最末分枝为3花的聚伞花序。花绿白色，长约5mm；花梗纤细，长4-6mm，被灰白微柔毛。花被内外两面密被灰白微柔毛，花被筒短小，倒锥形，长约2mm，花被裂片长圆状卵圆形，先端锐尖。能育雄蕊9，花丝全长及花药背面被微柔毛，第一、二轮雄蕊长2.5mm，花丝稍长于花药，无腺体，花药长圆形，4室，室内向，第三轮雄蕊长2.7mm，花丝稍长于花药，中部有一对近无柄的圆形腺体，花药长圆形，4室，室外向。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮，长三角形，长约1mm，具柄，柄长约0.7mm，被微柔毛。子房近球形，长约1.5mm，略被微柔毛，花柱长2mm，具棱角，略被微柔毛，柱头盘状。果卵球形，长约8mm，宽5mm；果托长4mm，顶端宽3mm，具齿裂，齿顶端截平。花期主要在秋、冬季，果期主要在冬末及春季。
2. Cinnamomum camphora: A tall tree, reaching up to 14 meters in height and with a diameter at breast height of up to 30 centimeters. The bark is smooth, ranging from gray-brown to black-brown, with red inner bark that tastes similar to cinnamon. The branches are slender, green or brownish-green, with longitudinal fine stripes and no hairs. The leaves are alternate or nearly opposite, rarely opposite, ovate, elliptic to lanceolate, 5.5-10.5 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, with a short acuminate apex, wide cuneate base, leathery texture, shiny green upper surface, powdery green lower surface, dull, hairless on both sides, with three basal veins, midrib and lateral veins prominent on the upper surface, highly raised on the lower surface, lateral veins arising from the leaf base 3-8 mm away, disappearing towards the leaf tip, veins and fine veins slightly raised on both sides, somewhat reticulate; petiole 0.5-1.2 cm long, flat on the ventral side and convex on the dorsal side, nearly hairless. Conical racemes are axillary or nearly terminal, shorter than the leaves, (2) 3-6 cm long, few-flowered, sparse, densely covered with gray-white fine hairs, with the ultimate branches forming a 3-flowered umbel-like inflorescence. Flowers are greenish-white, about 5 mm long; pedicels slender, 4-6 mm long, covered with gray-white fine hairs. The corolla is densely covered with gray-white fine hairs on both sides, with a short, small, inverted conical tube about 2 mm long, and the lobes are oblong-ovate, acute at the apex. Fertile stamens 9, filaments and anthers on the back covered with fine hairs, the first and second whorls of stamens are 2.5 mm long, filaments slightly longer than anthers, without glands, anthers elongate, 4-loculed, introrse, the third whorl of stamens is 2.7 mm long, filaments slightly longer than anthers, with a pair of nearly sessile circular glands in the middle, anthers elongate, 4-loculed, extrorse. Degenerate stamens 3, located in the innermost whorl, triangular, about 1 mm long, with a stalk about 0.7 mm long, covered with fine hairs. Ovary nearly globose, about 1.5 mm long, slightly covered with fine hairs, style 2 mm long, angular, slightly covered with fine hairs, stigma discoid. Fruit ovoid-globose, about 8 mm long, 5 mm wide; fruit stalk 4 mm long, 3 mm wide at the apex, with toothed lobes, the tips of the lobes are truncate. The flowering period is mainly in autumn and winter, and the fruiting period is mainly at the end of winter and spring.

3、川桂：乔木，高25m，胸径30cm。枝条圆柱形，干时深褐色或紫褐色。叶互生或近对生，卵圆形或卵圆状长圆形，长8.5-18cm，宽3.2-5.3cm，先端渐尖，尖头钝，基部渐狭下延至叶柄，但有时为近圆形，革质，边缘软骨质而内卷，上面绿色，光亮，无毛，下面灰绿色，晦暗，幼时明显被白色丝毛但最后变无毛，离基三出脉，中脉与侧脉两面凸起，干时均呈淡黄色，侧脉自离叶基5-15mm处生出，向上弧曲，至叶端渐消失，外侧有时具3-10条支脉但常无明显的支脉，支脉弧曲且与叶缘的肋连接，横脉弧曲状，多数，纤细，下面多少明显；叶柄长10-15mm，腹面略具槽，无毛。圆锥花序腋生，长3-9cm，单一或多数密集，少花，近总状或为2-5花的聚伞状，具梗，总梗纤细，长1.5-6cm，与序轴均无毛或疏被短柔毛。花白色，长约6.5mm；花梗丝状，长6-20mm，被细微柔毛。花被内外两面被丝状微柔毛，花被筒倒锥形，长约1.5mm，花被裂片卵圆形，先端锐尖，近等大，长4-5mm，宽约1mm。能育雄蕊9，花丝被柔毛，第一、二轮雄蕊长3mm，花丝稍长于花药，花药卵圆状长圆形，先端钝，药室4，内向，第三轮雄蕊长约3.5mm，花丝长约为花药的1.5倍，中部有一对肾形无柄的腺体，花药长圆形，药室4，外向。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮，卵圆状心形，先端锐尖，长2.8mm，具柄。子房卵球形，长近1mm，花柱增粗，长3mm，柱头宽大，头状。成熟果未见；果托顶端截平，边缘具极短裂片。花期4-5月，果期6月以后。分布区域
Chuan Gui: A tall tree, reaching 25 meters in height with a trunk diameter of 30 centimeters. The branches are cylindrical, and when dry, they are deep brown or purplish-brown. The leaves are alternate or nearly opposite, ovate or ovate-elliptic, measuring 8.5-18 cm in length and 3.2-5.3 cm in width. They have a gradually pointed apex with a blunt tip, and the base tapers down to the petiole, sometimes nearly circular. The leaves are leathery, with soft cartilaginous margins that curl inward. The upper surface is shiny and green, hairless, while the lower surface is grayish-green and dull. When young, they are distinctly covered in white silky hairs, which eventually disappear. There are three prominent veins originating from the base, with the midrib and lateral veins raised on both sides, appearing pale yellow when dry. The lateral veins arise 5-15 mm from the leaf base, arching upwards and disappearing towards the leaf tip. Sometimes, there are 3-10 secondary veins on the outer side, which are curved and connected to the leaf margin. The transverse veins are curved, numerous, and slender, more or less visible on the lower surface. The petiole is 10-15 mm long, slightly grooved on the ventral side, and hairless.The cone-shaped axillary inflorescences are 3-9 cm long, solitary or densely clustered with few flowers, appearing racemose or umbel-like with 2-5 flowers. The peduncles are slender, 1.5-6 cm long, and hairless or sparsely covered in short soft hairs. The flowers are white, about 6.5 mm long, with filiform pedicels measuring 6-20 mm and covered in fine soft hairs. The corolla is tubular-campanulate, about 1.5 mm long, with ovate-lanceolate lobes, acute at the apex, approximately 4-5 mm long and 1 mm wide. There are 9 fertile stamens with filaments covered in soft hairs. The first and second whorls of stamens are 3 mm long, with filaments slightly longer than the anthers. The anthers are ovate-elliptic, blunt at the apex, with 4 introrse locules. The third whorl of stamens is about 3.5 mm long, with filaments 1.5 times the length of the anthers, bearing a pair of reniform glandular bodies in the middle. The anthers are oblong, with 4 extrorse locules. There are 3 vestigial stamens in the innermost whorl, ovate to cordate, acute at the apex, 2.8 mm long, and stalked. The ovary is ovoid, nearly 1 mm long, with a thickened style measuring 3 mm and a large, head-like stigma. Mature fruits are not observed; the fruit receptacle has a flat top with extremely short lobes on the edge. The flowering period is from April to May, and fruiting occurs after June. Distribution area.

1、天竺桂：分布于江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、台湾。

1. Cinnamomum cassia is distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Taiwan.

2、阴香：分布于广东、广西、云南及福建。
2. Magnolia officinalis var. biloba: Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Fujian provinces.

3、川桂：分布于陕西秦岭以南、江西、中南、四川、贵州。生长环境
3. Chuan-Gui: Distributed in southern Shaanxi, Jiangxi, central and southern China, Sichuan, and Guizhou. Growing environment.

1、天竺桂：生于常绿阔叶林中。
Cinnamomum cassia: It grows in evergreen broad-leaved forests.

2、阴香：生于疏林、密林或灌丛中，或溪边路旁等处，海拔100-1400m（在云南境内海拔可高达2100m）。
Yin Xiang: It grows in sparse forests, dense forests, shrubs, or by streams and roadsides, at an altitude of 100-1400 meters (altitude can reach up to 2100 meters in Yunnan Province).

3、川桂：生于山谷、山坡林中。
Chuan Gui: Grows in valleys and mountain forests.