木通根，中药名。为木通科木通属植物木通Akebiaquinata（Thunb.）Decne.、三叶木通A.trifoliata（Thunb.）Koidz.及白木通A.trifoliata（Thunb.）Koidz.var.australis（Diels）Rehd.的根。具有祛风除湿，活血行气，利尿，解毒之功效。主治风湿痹痛，跌打损伤，经闭，疝气，睾丸肿痛，脘腹胀闷，小便不利，带下，虫蛇咬伤。
Mu-tong-gen, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The root of the plants in the Mu-tong genus of the Mu-tong family, including Akebiaquinata (Thunb.) Decne., A.trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz., and A.trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.var.australis (Diels) Rehd. It has the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and qi movement, diuresis, and detoxification. It is mainly used for rheumatic arthralgia, bruises, menstrual disorders, hernia, testicular swelling and pain, epigastric distension, difficult urination, leukorrhea, and insect or snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，活血行气，利尿，解毒。
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and qi flow, diuresis, detoxification.

主治 Indications

风湿痹痛，跌打损伤，经闭，疝气，睾丸肿痛，脘腹胀闷，小便不利，带下，虫蛇咬伤。
Wind-damp arthralgia, traumatic injuries, menstrual disorders, hernia, testicular swelling and pain, abdominal distention and fullness, difficult urination, abnormal vaginal discharge, and insect or snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；磨汁或浸酒。外用：鲜品适量，捣烂敷患处。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g; grind into juice or soak in alcohol. External use: Apply an appropriate amount of fresh product, mash it and apply it to the affected area.

注意事项 Precautions

苦寒能利，凡病人脾虚作泻者勿服。
Bitter and cold substances have a purgative effect. Those with spleen deficiency and diarrhea should not take them.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《药性论》：“治项下瘤瘿。”

1. "Pharmacological Properties": "Used to treat goiter and nodules."

2、《草木便方》：“补肾益精，强阴。治劳伤，疝气，腰脚肿疼，损伤。”
2. "Herbal Formulas": "Tonifies the kidneys, nourishes essence, and strengthens yin. Used to treat fatigue, hernia, lumbar pain and swelling, and injuries."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治胁肋刺痛膨胀，小便赤涩，大便不利，或浮肿：木通根、陈皮（去白）、甘草（炙）各一两。上?咀，每服-两，水二盏，生姜三片，枣子一枚，灯心十茎，煎至一盏去滓，通口服，不拘时候。（《圣惠方》木通散）

1. For treating rib pain and distension, painful and difficult urination, constipation, or edema: take 1 liang each of Akebia stem, tangerine peel (without white parts), and licorice (processed); grind them into powder, take 2 mace of the powder each time, decoct with two bowls of water, add three slices of fresh ginger, one jujube, and ten stems of Chinese sweetleaf, boil until one bowl of liquid is left, remove the dregs, and take orally without restriction on timing. (From "Sheng Hui Fang - Akebia Powder")

2、治关节风痛，陈伤，闭经，三叶木通根15g，水煎服，或冲黄酒服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
2. For treating joint pain, old injuries, and amenorrhea: take 15g of Akebia stem, decoct in water and take orally, or soak in yellow wine. (From "Commonly Used Folk Herbs in Zhejiang")

3、治腰痛，三叶木通根30g，浸酒服。（《江西草药》）
3. For treating lower back pain: take 30g of Akebia stem, soak in alcohol and take orally. (From "Herbal Medicine in Jiangxi")

4、治胃肠胀闷，三叶木通根15g，红木香15g。水煎服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
4. For treating gastric distension: take 15g of Akebia stem and 15g of Chinese sweetleaf, decoct in water and take orally. (From "Commonly Used Folk Herbs in Zhejiang")

5、治疝，三叶木通根60g，猪瘦肉250g。水煨，服汤食肉，每日1剂。（《江西草药》）
5. For treating hernia: take 60g of Akebia stem and 250g of lean pork, simmer in water, consume the soup and meat, one dose per day. (From "Herbal Medicine in Jiangxi")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋、冬季采挖，晒干或烘干。
Harvest in autumn and winter, then sun-dry or oven-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：木通科木通属植物木通、三叶木通及白木通。
The Menispermaceae family includes the plants Akebia quinata, Akebia trifoliata, and Akebia trifoliata var. australis.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1、木通，别名野木瓜（《救荒本草》），五叶木通（通称），落霜红（浙江）。落叶木质缠绕藤本，长3-15cm，全株无毛。幼枝灰绿色，有纵纹。掌状复叶，簇生于短枝顶端；叶柄细长；小叶片5，倒卵形或椭圆形，长3-6cm，先端圆常微凹至具一细短尖，基部圆形或楔形，全缘。短总状花序腋生，花单性，雌雄同株；花序基部着生1-2朵雌花，上部着生密而较细的雄花；花被3片；雄花具雄蕊6个；雌花较雄花大，有离生雌蕊2-13。果肉质，浆果状，长椭圆形，或略呈肾形，两端圆，长约8cm，直径2-3cm，熟后紫色，柔软，沿腹缝线开裂。种子多数，长卵而稍扁，黑色或黑褐色。花期4-5月，果熟期8月。

1. Akebia quinata, also known as wild papaya ("Jiu Huang Ben Cao"), five-leaved akebia (common name), or Luoshuanghong (Zhejiang). It is a deciduous woody vine, 3-15cm long, glabrous throughout. Young branches are gray-green with longitudinal stripes. Palmately compound leaves are clustered at the top of short shoots; petioles are slender; leaflets number 5, obovate or elliptic, 3-6cm long, apex rounded, often slightly concave or with a short point, base rounded or cuneate, margins entire. Short axillary racemes bear unisexual flowers, monoecious; 1-2 female flowers at the base, densely packed male flowers above; tepals 3; stamens 6 in male flowers; female flowers larger than male ones, with 2-13 free carpels. Fruit fleshy, berry-like, elongated oval or slightly reniform, both ends rounded, about 8cm long, 2-3cm in diameter, turning purple when ripe, soft, dehiscing along ventral suture. Seeds numerous, elongated-ovate and slightly flattened, black or dark brown. Flowering from April to May, fruit ripens in August.

2、三叶木通，别名甜果木通（陕西），三叶拿藤、三叶瓜藤（浙江）。与前种相近。主要区别点：叶为三出复叶；小叶卵圆形、宽卵圆形或长卵形，长宽变化很大，先端钝圆、微凹或具短尖，基部圆形或楔形，有时微呈心形，边缘浅裂或呈波状，侧脉5-6对。
2. Akebia trifoliata, also known as sweet fruit akebia (Shaanxi), San-ye Na-teng, or San-ye Gua-teng (Zhejiang). Similar to the previous species. Main distinguishing feature: leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate, broadly ovate, or long-ovate, with great variation in size; apex obtuse, slightly concave, or short-pointed; base rounded or cuneate, sometimes slightly cordate; margins shallowly lobed or undulate; lateral veins 5-6 pairs.

3、白木通，别名拿藤（《植物名实图考》），地海参（广西）。本变种形态与三叶木通相近，但小叶全缘，质地较厚。
3. Akebia trifoliata var. australis, also known as Na-teng ("Ben Cao Gang Mu Tu Kao"), Di Hai Shen (Guangxi). This variety is morphologically similar to Akebia trifoliata, but the leaflets are entire and thicker in texture.

分布区域 Distribution Area

1、木通：分布于陕西、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、四川、贵州等地。

1. Akebia quinata: Distributed in Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, and other regions.

2、三叶木通：分布于河北、陕西、山西、甘肃、山东、河南和长江流域各地。
2. Akebia trifoliata: Found in Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Henan, and various areas along the Yangtze River.

3、白木通：分布于西南及山西、陕西、江苏、浙江、江西、河南、湖北、湖南、广东等地。
3. Akebia trifoliata var. australis: Native to Southwest China as well as Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, and Guangdong.

生长环境 Growing Environment

木通：生于山坡、山沟、溪旁等处的乔木与灌木林中。
Akebia quinata grows in broadleaf and shrub forests on mountain slopes, valleys, and along streams.