贵州獐牙菜，中药名。为龙胆科植物贵州獐牙菜SwertiakouitchensisFranch.的全草。分布于西南及陕西、甘肃、湖北等地。具有清热解毒，利湿之功效。用于小儿发热，口苦潮热，湿热黄疸，咽喉肿痛，消化不良，胃炎，口疮，牙痛，火眼，毒蛇咬伤。
Gui-zhou-zhang-ya-cai, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole herb of Swertia kouitchensis Franch., a plant of the Gentianaceae family. It is distributed in the southwest, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, and other regions. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxification, and promoting diuresis. It is used for pediatric fever, bitter and humid heat in the mouth, damp-heat jaundice, sore throat, indigestion, gastritis, mouth ulcers, toothache, sore eyes, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

具有清热解毒，利湿之功效。
It has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, and promoting dampness.

主治 Indications

用于小儿发热，口苦潮热，湿热黄疸，咽喉肿痛，消化不良，胃炎，口疮，牙痛，火眼，毒蛇咬伤。
Used for pediatric fever, bitter mouth with damp heat, damp-heat jaundice, sore throat, indigestion, gastritis, mouth ulcers, toothache, sore eyes, and snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-10g。外用：适量，捣烂外敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 5-10g. External use: Appropriate amount, mashed and applied externally.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《全国中草药汇编》：“治小儿高烧，口苦潮热，湿热黄疸，咽喉肿痛及蛇咬伤等。”
"National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines": "Used for treating high fever in children, bitter taste in the mouth, tidal heat, damp-heat jaundice, sore throat, snake bites, etc."

临床应用 Clinical Application

治疗急、慢性肝炎，胆囊炎，感冒，咽喉炎，龋齿牙痛和小儿感冒发热。
Treatment for acute and chronic hepatitis, cholecystitis, cold, pharyngitis, tooth decay, toothache, and pediatric cold with fever.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

1、治小儿高热：贵州獐牙菜、荆芥各6-10g，薄荷水送服。

1. Treatment for high fever in children: 6-10g of Guizhou Chrysanthemum and 6-10g of Jingjie, taken with mint water.

2、治感冒：贵州獐牙菜，鱼鳅串各15g，水煎服。
2. Treatment for cold: 15g each of Guizhou Chrysanthemum and loach, decocted in water and taken orally.

3、治湿热黄疸：獐牙菜，黑及草各12g，水煎服。
3. Treatment for damp-heat jaundice: 12g each of Chrysanthemum and black hairy antler, decocted in water and taken orally.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，洗净，晒干。
Harvest in summer or autumn, wash, and dry in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：龙胆科植物贵州獐牙菜。
Gentiana scabra, a plant in the Gentianaceae family, is native to Guizhou Province.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

贵州獐牙菜又名：四棱獐牙菜。一年生草本，高30-60cm。主根明显。茎直立，较纤细，四棱形，棱上具窄翅，分枝多，开展。叶对生；无柄或几无柄至有短柄；叶片披针形，长2-3cm或达5cm，宽达1.5cm，两端渐狭；叶脉1-3条，下面明显突起。圆锥状聚伞花序，具多花，开展；花梗直立，四棱形，长1-2cm，果时伸长可达6.5cm；花多4数，仅枝上侧花有5数，直径达1cm；花萼绿色，叶状，裂片线状披针形；花冠黄白色、黄绿色，裂片椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长6-12mm，具长尖头，茎部有2个腺窝，腺窝狭椭圆形，沟状，边缘有疏毛状流苏；雄蕊4-5，花丝线形，长达8mm，花药蓝色；子房无柄，卵状披针形，花柱短，不明显，柱头2裂。蒴果卵形，长1-1.3cm。种子多数，黄褐色，圆球形，长约8mm，表面近光滑。花期8-9月，果期9-10月。
Guizhou Changya Cai, also known as Four-angled Changya Cai, is an annual herbaceous plant, growing 30-60cm tall. It has a prominent main root. The stem is erect, relatively slender, four-angled with narrow wings along the angles, branching out extensively. The leaves are opposite; nearly sessile or with short petioles; lanceolate, 2-3cm long or up to 5cm, 1.5cm wide, tapering at both ends; with 1-3 veins, prominently raised on the underside. It has a conical umbel inflorescence with many flowers; straight, four-angled flower stalks, 1-2cm long, elongating up to 6.5cm when fruiting; flowers mostly in 4s, with some branches bearing 5 flowers, up to 1cm in diameter; green sepals, leaf-like, linear-lanceolate lobes; yellow-white or yellow-green corolla, elliptic or ovate-elliptic lobes, 6-12mm long, with long pointed tips, two glandular pits at the base of the stem, narrowly elliptic, grooved, with sparse hairy fringe along the edges; 4-5 stamens, filaments linear, up to 8mm long, anthers blue; ovary sessile, ovate-lanceolate, style short, inconspicuous, stigma 2-lobed. The capsule is ovoid, 1-1.3cm long. Seeds numerous, yellow-brown, spherical, about 8mm long, nearly smooth on the surface. It flowers from August to September, and fruits from September to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于西南及陕西、甘肃、湖北等地。
Distributed in the southwest as well as Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔750-1600m的河边、草坡、荒地及路旁。
Born by the riverside, grassy slopes, wastelands, and roadsides at an altitude of 750-1600 meters.